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Analysis of Two Latin Translations of Hus' Czech Sunday Postil in Mss.Brno, Moravian library, Mk 56 and Mk 91 a their Partial Edition
Odstrčilík, Jan ; Doležalová, Lucie (advisor) ; Soukup, Pavel (referee) ; Zachová, Jana (referee)
Analýza dvou latinských překladů Husovy České nedělní postily v rkp. Brno, Moravská zemská knihovna, Mk 56 a Mk 91 a jejich částečná edice Analysis of Two Latin Translations of Hus' Czech Sunday Postil in Mss. Brno, Moravian Library, Mk 56 and Mk 91 and their Partial Edition Mgr. Jan Odstrčilík Annotation This study examines two unedited Latin versions of Jan Hus's Czech Sunday Postil, which are preserved in mss. Mk 91 and Mk 56 in the Moravian library in Brno, Czech Republic. The primary analysis is of ms. Mk 91, which provides a faithful, or even word-for-word, translation of the Czech original, edited by Jiří Daňhelka, but still contains a number of Czech words. This multilingual characteristic is studied in the context of macaronic sermon literature. Methodological problems and approaches in this field are discussed (authorship, types of bilingualism, performance of bilingual sermons), alongside three Latin-Czech macaronic sermon collections: the Quadragesimale admontskému, Hus's Sermons from the Bethlehem chapel, and the postills of Michal Polák also called the Sermones de sanctis latino-bohemici. Both the language and the contents of Mk 91 are studied in this work. In the part concerning the language, various problems are presented with which a translator had to deal (different system of cases in the...
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The Idea of "The Chosen Nation" in Late Middle Ages
Hartmann, Zdeněk ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Pavel (referee)
This thesis examines the thought of Joan of Arc for categories of identity paving the way to modern nationalism. The underlying model for this undertaking is Ernst Kantorowicz's theory of the increasing depersonalization or abstractness of power. With this model as a guide, this thesis proposes a set of categories of identity on which the process of change put forward by Kantorowicz can be tracked. The thesis then classifies, against this backdrop, the individual categories as either progressive, i. e. abstract, or concrete, i. e. dependent on the older ideas of power and kingship, arguing that the concrete categories may be associated with the principles of popular mentality as described by Aron Gurevich. It turns out, however, that clear-cut criteria distinguishing concrete and abstract categories are difficult to establish and, at the end of the day, we have to settle for a simplifying and not entirely satisfactory classification. The analytical part of the thesis then examines what instances of categories of identity can be found in the minutes of the interrogation of Joan of Arc. The overwhelming majority of these categories of identity, it turns out, fall under the 'concrete' label. Such a result seems to correspond very well with the Gurevichian idea of difference, although by no means an absolute...
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The Czech lands and the avignon papacy in the period 1378-1419, diplomatic aspects
Vlková, Tereza ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Pavel (referee)
0 ABSTRACT In my thesis I focus on the political situation in the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Kingdom of France during the Great Western Schism, particularly its first two thirds. I put emphasis on the personality of Honoré Bovet, who was a diplomat and a messenger of the French king and who visited the court of the Bohemian king, Wecleslas IV. in 1399 My work is based on primary and secondary sources and scientific and specialised literature concerning the subject mentioned above. In addition I made use of my one- semester study program in France where I attended the lectures of and consultations with French medieval historians. First I describe in the thesis the ecclesiastical and political situation in both kingdoms. The next chapters are dedicated to the personality of Honoré Bovet and his writings related to his opinion on the Great Western Schism and the church in general. As a result of the research I present a general attitude of the French Kingdom to the Bohemian Kingdom, particularly king Wenceslas IV, in the period of the Great Western Schism and the dual papacy. Moreover, based on his writings I express Bovet's view of the Schism and the personalities involved in the Schism.
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Perception of space in Czech travel writing of the 15th century
Bažant, Vojtěch ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Pavel (referee)
The theses analyses ways of literary representations of perception of space in Czech 15th century travel narratives. With special regard to the genre classification of the travel narratives, this study covers a part of travellers' mentalities in the Late Middle Ages. The concept of perception of space represents the ways of viewing the surrounding world. It helps to understand how travellers confronted social stereotypes with their own experiences. The thesis highlights how relations between natural foundations of the Earth and human thought are construed and shows that both bear the same importance for the shaping of the narration.
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Reform preaching in late medieval Bohemia. A study on the earliest sermons of Jakoubek of Stříbro
Soukup, Pavel ; Šmahel, František (advisor) ; Herold, Vilém (referee) ; Krmíčková, Helena (referee)
Reform preaching forms a traditional narrative axe in historical discourses on the prelude to the Hussite Revolution. This dissertation analyzes in detail the techniques used to formulate and spread the reform agenda. Its core is an analysis of the oldest preserved sermons of Master Jakoubek of Stříbro. It is this almost unknown source, which is the subject of the dissertation central part. The two remaining sections attempt at a wider scope and more profound comparison, taking into account additional edited as well as unedited 80urces. In this way it is possible to draw some conclusions, the relevance of which exceeds the signification of a single manuscript. I consider the reform preaching in Bohemia one of the consequences of growing disfavour towards the moral status of the visible Church, and a part of attempts, increasing in number, at creating a new and more adequate relationship with the sacrum at both personal and sociallevel. The first section of the dissertation tries to circumscribe the reform currents one from the other. The main criterion is not that oftheir teachings, but rather that ofthe strategie s used on behalf of the realization of these teachings. From this point of view, I compare the preachers' movement in Bohemia in the second half of the fourteenth century with the Waldensians and...
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View into the Albigesian wars - fire, sword and the cross of Occitania
Biederman, Jan ; Soukup, Pavel (referee) ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor)
On a break point between Early Middle Ages and High Middle Ages Christianity existed as it would have been in mist - the old pagan cults of Europe had been abandoning uneasy and slowly their positions and almost immediately they were replaced by a group of new cults - heresies. The first of them stepped into the light or were disclosed already in 11th century. During the next century the number of cases of discovered heretic communities increased in western and central Europe. In 12th century, the southern french region of Occitanie was found by suprised catholic Church as a land with very enlarged dualist heresy. From the beginning the church tried to challenge this situation, which was considered as increasingly endangering of Good order, by means of mission activity and relied on local nobelman and sovereigns. However, the evolution of this situation up to 13th century showed that local nobility had no interest on repressions and tolerated heresy while mission attempts and menace of canonical punishments raised general resistance. This resulted in the assassination of papal legate Pierre de Castelnau. This accident changed the attitude of Church into the proclamation of crusade and so it authorized the application of armed force. The result of this decision threw southern France into the war which took...
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The writing of Guillebert de Lannoy as an historical source
Svátek, Jaroslav ; Soukup, Pavel (referee) ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor)
Pozdní středověk se vyznačuje zvýšenou aktivitou ve dvou oblastech, které však dosáhly svého největšího rozkvětu v jiných epochách. Jedná se o objevitelské cesty a také křížové výpravy. Cestovatelé pozdního středověku stojí poněkud ve stínu pozdějších velkých zámořských objevů. A přesto, jak daleko by dopluli světoznámí objevitelé jako Vasco de Gama nebo Kryštof Kolumbus, nebýt jejich méně známých předchůdců? Cesty k novým světům těchto velikánů sice ohlašují novou dobu, ale svým myšlením a vnímáním světa stojí ještě pevně ve středověku a příliš se neliší od misionářů 13. a 14. století nebo kupců a poutníků století následujícího. Přesně naopak je tomu s křížovými výpravami. Po svém vrcholu ve 12. a 13. století ve Svaté zemi dožívá tento způsob války v následujících letech s podivuhodnou setrvačností, avšak častěji spíše v hlavách propagandistů než na konkrétních bojištích. Přesto pozdní kruciáty znovu naleznou reálný smysl zejména pod vlivem tureckého nebezpečí. Křesťanská Evropa nadto zkouší uplatnit osvědčený model křížové výpravy také na svém kontinentu. Navzdory vítěznému zakončení španělské reconquisty a pacifikaci pobaltských pohanů nejsou výsledky pozdních kruciát nijak povzbudivé, a to jednak v boji proti kacířským Čechám, tak zejména v konfrontaci s osmanským nepřítelem na Balkáně, kde fatální...
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Idea of the crusades in the 14th Century: Philippe de Mèzieres - Songe du Vieil Pelerin
Radkovská, Marie ; Soukup, Pavel (referee) ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor)
In the 14th century, the idea of the crusade remains still alive. After the falI of Acre in 1291, however, historians speak rather of continuation of an ideal. In fact, the crusading efforts of the popes and the princes became mostly the false crusades, without the interest of reaching the origina1 objective - the delivrance of the Holy Land. The idea of the crusade found an ardent indefatigable defender in Philippe de Mézieres (1327-1405). Joining the military expedition to the East, the twenty-year old little noble of Picardy visited the places of the Passion in Jerusalem. Profoundly touched by confrontation with the miserable condition of the ho ly places and after receiving a divine mission, he decided to found a new military order and consacred his life to the passagium generale for the delivrance of the Holy Land. He went trough various careers of a knight, of a royal and papal ambassador, of a royal chancelIor, councillor and tutor. His last years were spent by literary activity. Being a part of the Philippe's alI-life crusading propaganda, the extensive alIegorica1 composition Songe du Vieil Pelerin (the Dream oj the Old Pilgrim, 1389) should have reminded the French king Charles VI. of virtues of a good ruler and encourage him to make peace with England, to finish the schism and to reform the...
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