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Martin Heidegger: Man, World and Space
Kocman, Vojtěch ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
5 Abstract This essay presents an attempt to interpret the key moments of Heidegger's conception of spaciousness. Considering the fact, that Heidegger didn't publish his understanding of spaciousness in any systematic form, it is necessary to work with a great amount of primary texts often available only in a fragmentary shape. Another difficulty is given by the author's use of language, which requires very demanding translations; we always translate the source texts in this paper. Within his conception termed as the topology of being Heidegger attempts to think about the space not as a measurable quantity, but in correlation with the Greek concept of τόπος, i.e. the qualitatively determined place. This essay concentrates on Heidegger's early work as well as on his late period, during which the topological thinking plays a central role; it also tries to identify the connection between them. The understanding of thinking as a way is essential, as well as the connection of thinking and poetry and the relation between space and time, which are considered of equal value in Heidegger's late work. Merely outlined remain other directions, which may be taken by further research within Heidegger's concept of spaciousness: the critique of the contemporary way of the uncovering of the world, the deepened relation with...
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The Meaning of the Question of Being: An Interpretation of an intrinsic Connection between Being and the No-thing in Heidegger's What is Metaphysics?
Kvapil, Ondřej ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
This paper deals, building on a ground defined by Heidegger's What is Metaphysics?, with a single question: in what sense do being and the no-thing belong together? This question is being addressed at two parallel levels. Based on a detailed interpretation of key text passages that have often been examined insufficiently due to their lack of accessibility, it aims to gain a complex insight into the issue and interpret it in its many nuances of meaning. At the same time, its aim is to articulate a general philosophical significance of the intrinsic connection between being and the no-thing; to what extent it affects the innermost intention of Heidegger's fundamental ontology as such, i.e. raising the question of the meaning of being. The paper builds on a phenomenological description of the original experience of the no-thing and captures a transformation of a human being into a pure Da-sein, which he goes through during this experience. Since the experience of the no-thing according to Heidegger is identical to the basic mood of dread, this piece of work depicts it in relation to seemingly similar, but in their meaning actually opposite moods: fear and, most importantly, abysmal boredom. Subsequently, it puts forward an interpretation of the no-thing's own ontological significance and thus...
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At the Borders of Metaphysics. An Attempt to Interpret Patočka's Philosophy of Negative Platonism
Sladký, Pavel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee) ; Blecha, Ivan (referee)
The thesis aims to interpret the philosophy of negative Platonism, which Jan Patočka developed during the 1950s. In the first part, negative Platonism, whose preliminary notion is derived from the interpretation of the eponymous programme essay, is studied in the context of contemporary philosophical discussion and Patočka's subjectivist humanistic conception he developed in the latter half of the 1940s as well as his lectures on classical philosophy. The second part contains author's own systematic interpretation of negative Platonism, including the reconstruction of the textual corpus of Patočka's programme. Finally, the third part, which considers first the inspirational sources of the observed project, reviews negative Platonism and outlines a concept, with which Patočka replaced negative Platonism in the late 1950s. The thesis aims to outline the philosophy of negative Platonism as an important stage in Patočka's philosophical development as well as a significant part of the modern history of European thinking.
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Forced Recognition: Relation between Identity and Agency in the Works of Frantz Fanon
Vidím, Václav ; Ritter, Martin (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
In my work I would like to focus on a relation of two notions very important in the works of Frantz Fanon. These two notions are identity and agecny. How does a colonised subject's idenity transform in the frames of anticolonial praxis. The two notions also stand in a relation to another notion - which is recognition. In colonial reality functions only a one-way recognition which so to say unwanted and forced. This kind of recognition does not reflect the reality colonised subject is in and it leaves him or her paralyzed. So is the anticolonial praxis a question of identity or of agency? What is a "lived experience of a black"? What is Fanon's opinion of Sartre's theory of recognition and how does he reforms Hegel's master and slave dialecitcs? I will also rely my work on contemporary postcolonial theory.
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Relationship between God and man in Søren Kierkegaard's concept
Dyčková, Alžběta ; Ritter, Martin (advisor) ; Matějčková, Tereza (referee)
In my theses I am trying to explain, how a man does relate to God and secondary how God does relate to a man, in Kierkegaard's concept. The thesis focuses on bigger amount of topics, on which I am trying to provide a view from perspective of God-man relationship and Kierkegaard's concept of a man as a synthesis. I present Kierkegaard's concept of structure of human self, despair, existential motion, freedom, human sin, and love in the perspective of the God-man relation, paradox and faith. By this wide presentation I prepare myself basis for two connected interpretations of Kierkegaard's thinking. Firstly, I present an interpretation of the condition, which is trusted by God to a man. I am trying to present it as the structure of human self alone. Secondly, I present an interpretation of the leap of faith, in which I am trying to answer the question, what is happening while leap of faith with the human synthesis. In frame of that I put the accent on the infinite parts of human being.
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At the Borders of Metaphysics. An Attempt to Interpret Patočka's Philosophy of Negative Platonism
Sladký, Pavel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee) ; Blecha, Ivan (referee)
The thesis aims to interpret the philosophy of negative Platonism, which Jan Patočka developed during the 1950s. In the first part, negative Platonism, whose preliminary notion is derived from the interpretation of the eponymous programme essay, is studied in the context of contemporary philosophical discussion and Patočka's subjectivist humanistic conception he developed in the latter half of the 1940s as well as his lectures on classical philosophy. The second part contains author's own systematic interpretation of negative Platonism, including the reconstruction of the textual corpus of Patočka's programme. Finally, the third part, which considers first the inspirational sources of the observed project, reviews negative Platonism and outlines a concept, with which Patočka replaced negative Platonism in the late 1950s. The thesis aims to outline the philosophy of negative Platonism as an important stage in Patočka's philosophical development as well as a significant part of the modern history of European thinking.
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The God's Eye View: Epistemic Ideal or Conformity with Standards of Justification?
Krejčová, Kateřina ; Švec, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
(in English) In the Enlightenment liberation from the religious myth one can see a paradoxical shift that is characterized by the fact that the scientist in the new type of secularized culture takes over the role previously dedicated to the priest. She holds the position of a mediator between what is human and superhuman, subjective, imperfect and flawed and a distant truth to which human beings feel a specific kind of responsibility. As the "soft sciences" ceded territory to the exact sciences, it happened because we have not yet been able to give up the dream of a perfectly neutral God eye's view. The author wants to show that objectivity itself is not impartial, but that it is a name for different kinds of rationality, which are at different times considered to be epistemic virtues.
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Existence without existent
Vaškovic, Petr ; Ritter, Martin (advisor) ; Válová, Dita (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to elucidate the ambiguous relation between the concepts of absolute alterity (tout Autre), there is (il y a) and the element (L'élément) in the work of Emmanuel Levinas. The investigation starts with a presupposition, that the above-mentioned concepts can all be considered a form of alterity. First part of the thesis thematises il y a against the backdrop of two seminal texts - From Existence to Existents and Time and the Other - and also in relation to Martin Heidegger's philosophy. Second part is structured around the analysis of the element, as it is presented in Totality and infinity. Part three deals with the concept of absolute alterity, which is contrasted to the conception of the totalizing subject. In the last part of the thesis, these three distinct kinds of alterity are brought into relation and qualitatively differentiated from one another. Key words: Levinas, Heidegger, alterity, radical alterity, totality, il y a, there is, element, From Existence to Existents, Totality and Infinity, Time and the Other
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To Seize the Masses. Philosophy, Ideology and Propaganda by Karl Marx
Pech, Robin ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
Title: "To Seize the Masses". Philosophy, ideology and propaganda by Karl Marx Author: Robin Pech Department: Ústav filosofie a religionistiky Supervisor: Mgr. Petr Kouba, Ph.D. Abstract: The aim of the diploma thesis is to thematize and clarify the interdependence of philosophy, ideology and propaganda by Karl Marx. The realization of philosophy, according to Marx, is a critique of modern society. The aim of this critique, however, is not only the understanding and interpretation of social relations but, above all, their change. For these purposes, Marx has developed his philosophy of history. On this basis is explained the nature of modern society and formulated the political programme of its transformation. That is further publicly promoted to ensure adequate - mass - support for the revolution. Thus, arises remarkable combination of philosophy, political ideology and propaganda, which seems to be an integral part of Marx's thought and his literary work and therefore, also a serious problem of his interpretation. Keywords: Marx, Philosophy, Ideology, Prapaganda
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The Idea of Eternal Recurrence in Friedrich Nietzsche's Philosophy
Nekolný, Jan ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
The basic aim of the present thesis is to introduce the idea of eternal recurrence and its immense relevance as an integral component of Friedrich Nietzsche's thinking, in which it is deeply anchored, touching on all the other of its most important matters. It is highly important to reflect on deeply ambiguous character of this idea and not to ignore its own tensions from which it draws its specific power to intensify and thus expose the underlying difficulties concealed in the heart of traditional metaphysical approaches and their consequences. The transformation that is the real goal of the idea of eternal recurrence strives to overcome these approaches and break open a wide perspective of possibilities for the human life as a creative and positing power, not torn out of this world but in deep engagement with it. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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