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Manual for Journalists: How to Work With Disinformation
Novotná, Barbora ; Poljakov, Nikita (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis focuses on disinformation and ways how to tackle it. In the beginning, the theoretical part introduces definitions of the fundamental terms, such as disinformation, misinformation, malinformation, and fake news, whose knowledge is crucial when working with this matter. Further, it describes the Czech disinformation scene in contrast to analyzes of the code of ethics of Czech mainstream online media, which are compared with a code of British public broadcasting company BBC. The theoretical part is also dedicated to the key topics for its practical part. Among those is knowledge of disinformation of Czech journalists and cognitive functions of the human's brain which have a significant influence on sharing false information. The practical part consists handbook for junior journalists which, apart from the theoretical part, is based on interviews with more than ten Finnish journalists, and experts on disinformation and media education. This handbook is divided into ten chapters, alias ten commandments, which brings journalists theoretical knowledge as well as practical tips for work with disinformation. A part of this handbook is also a working sheet designed for high school, which can be used during classes of media education, accompanied by an auxiliary sheet for teachers, and video of...
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Fake News: Methods of assessing and verifying news by their recipients
Čajanková, Kateřina ; Kasík, Pavel (advisor) ; Poljakov, Nikita (referee)
The diploma thesis "Fake News: Methods of assessing and verifying fake news by their recipients" is focused on the ways of evaluating media content by their recipients and the factors that affect the assessment process in the context of fake news phenomenon. The purpose of the thesis is to find out how people perceive the content they read; what affects their perception; and what are the criteria that govern their assessment. The theoretical part first defines the concept of fake (false) news, among other things in connection with the overuse of the term fake news. In the next chapters, the current role of the media and the issue of credibility and trust in the media are approached. The conclusion of the theoretical part discusses the social and psychological assumptions that affect the perception and actions of recipients. The second part presents the research background of this thesis. The research is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative inquiry. The qualitative approach is focused on the description of the processes and criteria used by the recipients in assessing and verifying the news. Data collection is therefore realized through eight semi-structured interviews, which are analysed by the open coding method. The quantitative research part is based on hypotheses about the...
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Disinformation, fake news and their distribution through pro-Klemlin websites during American Presidential elections in November 2016
Bělohoubek, Karel ; Hájek, Roman (advisor) ; Poljakov, Nikita (referee)
This bachelor thesis discussess dissemination of fake news during American presidential elections of November, 2016 via pro-Kremlin webpages such as RT (Russia Today) and Sputniknews three weeks before the election and two weeks after. Theoretical part of the thesis explains various notions including fake news, disinformation, misinformation and hoax and also provides a historical overview concerning how fake news was used during the modern history. Historical analysis handles the topic from the international point of view and reflects not only the key moments of the 20th century, but also some events of lesser worldwide impact from czechoslovakian perspective. Theoretical part follows with interpretation and description of individual fake news techniques, which manipulators use, including fake news' typical features which can be commonly observed in news. Practical part is composed of a media analysis of both of the media articles, which were released between October, 18 and November, 22, 2016, using the method of quantitative content analysis and its subsequent comparison in terms of posting frequence in monitored time period, media bias towards particular presidential candidates and frequency of individual fake news techniques used. I analyzed only articles concerning the elections or two main...
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The Left and the Right in MF Dnes and Právo (how both newpapers define, depict and present the left nad the right 6 weeks before general elections in 2010
Poljakov, Nikita ; Jirák, Jan (advisor) ; Trampota, Tomáš (referee)
This dissertation focuses on the analysis of the front pages of two main Czech newspapers - MF Dnes and Pravo. The front pages are analyzed six weeks before the General elections in 2010. The thesis aims to specify how each newspaper defines and informs about the left-wing and right-wing politics and which topics does it connect with both spectrums. Dissertation also touches the political aspect of the definition of the left and the right with a respect to historical development of both spectrums. Afterwards the dissertation compares both newspapers and tries to figure out, in what topics they differ when defining the left and the right wing. The analysis approaches both newspapers the same objective way, not looking at their political inclination.
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