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Absolute knowledge and groundless certainty by Hegel and Wittgenstein.
Berg, Alexander ; Sepp, Hans Rainer (advisor) ; Rentsch, Thomas (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
A l e x a n d e r B e r g - Z u s a m m e n f a s s u n g - D i s s e r t a t i o n 2 0 1 7 Absolutes Wissen und Grundlose Gewissheit bei Hegel und Wittgenstein "Hegel seems to me to be always wanting to say that things which look different are really the same. Whereas my interest is in showing that things which look the same are really different." (Wittgenstein im Phoenix-Park, Dublin 1948) Abstract Der Wert dieser Untersuchung besteht darin, zum einen anhand des vielfältigen z. T. erst neu zugänglichen Materials Wittgensteins Phoenix-Park- Satz besser verstehen zu können und damit insgesamt eine tiefere Einsicht in den Zusammenhang des Wittgenstein'schen Denkens mit der Philosophie Hegels zu ermöglichen. Weiter stehen Wittgensteins Überlegungen zu Hegel aber auch im Kontext der Frage nach der Stellung seiner eigenen lebenslangen philosophischen Anstrengungen zu denjenigen der großen Denker der Philosophiegeschichte überhaupt. Die verschiedenen konkret historischen und ideengeschichtlichen Verbindungen, so wie sie in dieser Untersuchung von Wittgenstein's Denken über die philosophische Scholastik im Mittelalter bis zum antiken Ursprung der philosophischen Tradition zurückverfolgt werden konnten, helfen dabei, einer Antwort auf diese Frage Wittgensteins etwas näher zu kommen.
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Korelace charakteristických signálů laserem buzeného plazmatu
Terschová, Vanda ; Novotný, Karel (referee) ; Pořízka, Pavel (advisor)
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast analytical method, but can also be complicated. This spectroscopic method is used to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of a sample. The analysis is carried out by capturing the emission radiation of the generated plasma. The accuracy and stability of the measurement is affected by several parameters, such as stability of the laser, physical and chemical properties of the sample, its homogeneity and others, that can not always be eliminated. For this reason other methods are being added to the LIBS experiment that could improve the quality of this analysis. This diploma thesis is focused on a research of the literature on the standardization of laser-induced plasma signal and the possibility of using an acoustic signal for this purpose. For this reason , it is necessary to perform basic experiments and to verify if the acoustic signal correlates with the emission signal. If these signals correlate together, it would be possible to use the acoustic signal for standardization og the LIBS data, which would improve the accuracy of the analysis. In the theoretical part at the beginning other spectroscopic methods are summarised. Then the work is focused on the description of the LIBS method, possible ways of the analysis, standardization of emission signals and its review in the literature. The experimental part is aimed at the study of the acoustic signal that was performed in the framework of this study. At the beginning, there are introduced results of the basic measurements on steel and brass samples. These results were important for an optimization of the experiment. The following section shows the results obtained from the measurements of the acoustic signal on the samples with the same chemical composition but different hardness. At the end the correlation between the acoustic and emission signals is discussed.
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Phenomenon, meaning and substrate - for a phenomenological metaphysics
Michel, Beat ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Schnell, Alexander (referee) ; Salanskis, Jean-Michel (referee) ; Jean, Gregori Jean (referee)
Phenomenon, sense and substrate - the case for a phenomenological metaphysics What is the substrate of consciousness, or what is it that "makes consciousness"? Asking this question amounts to not being satisfied with an answer that may seem self-evident: this substrate is the brain. In fact, situating the substrate of consciousness in the objective body, as part of the world - whether in the context of phenomenology, philosophy of mind or naturalism - leads to a circular ontology: consciousness in the body, the body in the world, the world thought, perceived, conceived, constituted by consciousness. However, even if all circularity is not necessarily problematic, we seek to show that this circularity of a general ontology is indeed fatal. So we take another path, from the subjective body to a substrate that is not located in the world. This substrate is constructed as an abstract notion, by operating two consecutive merges of existing concepts. First we bring together in a single concept, that of abstract substrate, the Aristotelian hylemorphism, on the one hand, and the idea of supervenience, from the philosophy of the mind, on the other hand, by establishing that the two are, in a way, coextensive. We then appeal to the notion of absolute Life, introduced by Michel Henry in the last period of his work,...
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Phenomenon, meaning and substrate - for a phenomenological metaphysics
Michel, Beat ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Schnell, Alexander (referee) ; Salanskis, Jean-Michel (referee) ; Jean, Gregori Jean (referee)
Phenomenon, sense and substrate - the case for a phenomenological metaphysics What is the substrate of consciousness, or what is it that "makes consciousness"? Asking this question amounts to not being satisfied with an answer that may seem self-evident: this substrate is the brain. In fact, situating the substrate of consciousness in the objective body, as part of the world - whether in the context of phenomenology, philosophy of mind or naturalism - leads to a circular ontology: consciousness in the body, the body in the world, the world thought, perceived, conceived, constituted by consciousness. However, even if all circularity is not necessarily problematic, we seek to show that this circularity of a general ontology is indeed fatal. So we take another path, from the subjective body to a substrate that is not located in the world. This substrate is constructed as an abstract notion, by operating two consecutive merges of existing concepts. First we bring together in a single concept, that of abstract substrate, the Aristotelian hylemorphism, on the one hand, and the idea of supervenience, from the philosophy of the mind, on the other hand, by establishing that the two are, in a way, coextensive. We then appeal to the notion of absolute Life, introduced by Michel Henry in the last period of his work,...
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Combination of laser spectroscopy methods for chemical analysis
Holub, Daniel ; Novotný, Karel (referee) ; Pořízka, Pavel (advisor)
The topic of this Master’s thesis is combination of laser spectroscopic methods. LIBS and Raman spectroscopy were chosen for the combination. This combination is applied to plastic identification and separation as a mean to automate sorting of plastic waste. Data handling was done via different methods of computer learning algorithms scripted in R language. Plastic sorting accuracy over 90 % was reached thanks to the combination of chosen methods. This work also addresses some issues implied by combination of two different methods.
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Fantasy in Phenomenology
Fazakas, István ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Mazzù, Antonino (referee) ; Römer, Inga (referee)
RESUME (FRANÇAIS): Dans le présent travail, nous partons de la thèse selon laquelle un changement du concept du phénomène - comme celui qui s'est accompli dans les dernières décennies dans la phénoménologie contemporaine - implique nécessairement un changement du concept de l'ipséité. Pour attester cette thèse, nous nous donnons la tâche de dégager l'ipséité qui correspond au champ phénoménologique le plus archaïque. Ce champ, nous pouvons le caractériser, en suivant Marc Richir, comme le champ de la phantasía. Or, nous défendrons ici l'idée selon laquelle l'ipséité spécifique que nous pouvons décrire à même la phénoménalisation des apparitions de phantasía permet également - dans le cadre de la phénoménologie nova methodo de la phantasía - de repenser l'ipséité du soi en général. Il faut cependant tenir compte du fait que dans le cadre de cette nouvelle phénoménologie développée par Marc Richir, il n'y a pas de phantasía qui ne plonge d'emblée dans une dimension affective. En outre, le champ phénoménologique doit également être articulé avec le champ symbolique. Dans cette thèse nous analysons, en suivant Marc Richir, les couches les plus archaïques de la constitution intersubjective de l'ipséité et son institution symbolique et imaginaire dans une identité. Ces analyses montreront que l'ipséité est...
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Cyanoacrylate in treatment of great and small saphenous vein.
Novotný, Karel ; Pafko, Pavel (advisor) ; Lindner, Jaroslav (referee) ; Šebesta, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Cyanoacrylate gluing technique is the least strenuous treatment of varicose trunks which does not necessitate tumescent anaesthesia and post procedural stocking compression. In response to the long-term unavailability of commercial kits with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) in the Czech Republic, we used a modified technique, which is based on the technique of endovascular treatment of AV malformations in the brain and uses a mixture of cyanoacrylate and Lipiodol to clog. We evaluated the success of the method, complications and clinical improvement of chronic venous insufficiency. Parts of the work are histological findings of collected samples of veins at various time intervals. In an in vitro experiment, we compared the bond strength of a bonded shear to a tear device. The adhesive mix values used were compared with those of commercially available adhesives for this purpose. Patients and methods: Fifty-six limbs in 49 patients suffering from great saphenous vein or small saphenous vein insufficiency in combination with symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency and complicating comorbidities were treated with a modified endovascular cyanoacrylate glue application technique. A histopathological examination was conducted on vein samples from six. In each patient a sample of the...
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THE BECOMING-OTHER OF THE EXISTENCE, ESSAY ON CONTEMPORARY PHENOMENOLOGY
Prášek, Petr ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee) ; Romano, Claude (referee)
The Becoming-other of the Existence, Essay on Contemporary Phenomenology, is both a systematic and a historical study of phenomenology. By choosing a systematic problem of becoming-other of the existence it attempts to present and to confront five major contemporary phenomenologists in France within a single phenomenological field: Henri Maldiney, Claude Romano, Jean-Luc Marion, Renaud Barbaras, and Marc Richir. The study enters phenomenology with Edmund Husserl and presents some key original concepts invented by two generations of post-husserlian authors who marked out the road to contemporary phenomenology: Martin Heidegger, Erwin Straus, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jan Patočka, Emmanuel Lévinas. Then it turns to "evential empiricism" in the work of Maldiney and Romano who consider the existent and the world in their belonging-together: the event is thus understood as co-birth of the subject and the world. Nevertheless, because of the fact that the existence that "becomes-other" is necessarily a finite existence, a radically separated existence from the metaphysical transcendence of the world, three other authors must become involved in the discussion: Marion, whose adonné is a limit of the givenness, and then Barbaras and Richir who explore the most archaic layers of the subjectivity within a...
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Design of motorized optical system used for focusing of a laser beam
Zobač, Evžen ; Novotný, Karel (referee) ; Novotný, Jan (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the structural and optomechanical design of automatization of focusing laser beam for a remote laser spectroscopy device. The chosen solution uses an active rangefinder and a rotary unit to control the change of the focus plane of the device's optic system. The dependence of the focus plane’s change on the shift of lens in the focus plane was practically measured. For proper control of the rotary unit, this dependency is needed. Structural parts were made based on the created drawing documentation. The structural parts were mounted in the existing assembly of the device together with the purchased components. The proposed solution enables a change of the optical system, for example, in order to obtain a more appropriate range of focal planes.
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Phenomenology of touch. Ethical Readings of Discontinuous Paradigms
Molina García, Erika Natalia ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Römer, Inga (referee) ; Schnell, Alexander (referee)
Phenomenology of touch. Ethical readings on discontinuous paradigms. Touch is not only the sense that allows us to appreciate shapes and textures. It is also the sense that allows us to feel the tenderness of a caress or the violence of a punch. It allows us to feel temperature and pain, balance and the position of our body, feelings of itching and tickling, vibrations and sexual arousal. In recent years, research on touch has blossomed in the most diverse fields, and these works are unanimous in saying that touch is a crucial factor in our lives and on our health: interhuman cooperations, pain endurance, empathy, compassion and care are all touch depending activities. Starting from a scenarisation of Western philosophy in terms of opposition between continuism and discontinuism, we reinterpret the phenomenological method, by a radicalization of the meaning of its tool (epoche), to put it at service of the analysis of touch phenomena. In this context, our work is presented in a double duality: On the one hand, it unfolds around two main thematic axes, discontinuity (self- thematization) and touch (thematization). On the other hand, it takes the shape of two distinct textual bodies, a purely philosophical one and a philo-performatic one, which intersect and thus aim to perform in the writing of the...
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