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Nose in the Czech sign language in comparison with Czech
Redlich, Karel ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee)
I continue my work on the cognitive-linguistic research of somatisms (names of body parts) and conceptual profiles, into which I bring research findings of Czech sign language. I performed a structural analysis of the signs, where a place of articulation is on the nose. Then I categorized these signs using conceptual profiles: GESTURE, APPEARANCE/ MANIFESTATION, FUNCTION and LOCALIZATION. On the basis of such profiles are shown new possibilities etymological interpretation of a relatively large number of collected signs. The created linguistic picture of the nose in the Czech sign language I compared with the image with the linguistic picture of the nose in the Czech language. I also conducted preliminary probes into other sign languages, which I have served as a guide for effective grasp of the issues.
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Baby talk - The appearance of classifiers of Czech sign language in deaf child's signing
Pejšmanová, Barbora ; Motejzíková, Jitka (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on using classifiers of czech sign language by deaf children from deaf families. Within the framework of the research which was focused on acquiring handle classifiers and entity classifiers, the work describes what concrete classifiers observed children used in their utterance and what mistakes they did. That is done in means of individual examples. A part of the thesis is given to a brief abstract of general knowledge about the evolution of sign language among deaf children and spoken language among children that hear. The analogical congruent elements observed in ontogenesis of both languages are also included. Basic information about classifiers of czech sign language and their types is listed too. During the work detailed data about acquiring classifiers of sign languages obtained from foreign resources are given.
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Development of the contemporary Czech from the point of view of the terms centre and periphery
Smejkalová, Kamila ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Hladká, Zdeňka (referee) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The theme of this dissertation is a concept of centre and periphery in the description of the systém of language. We deal with theoretical issues of this concept, we analyze particular aspects, that are connected with it (dynamics, fuzzy boundaries of categories, vagueness etc.), its position among other language universals, and its use in the theory of language culture. We demonstrate, that the beneficial effect of this concept lies is manifested in the presence of same of its aspects in the theoretical ground of following linguistic schools, e. g. fuzzy grammar, semantic fields, and most importantly the theory of prototypes, based on the cognitive psychology, that was adopted by the cognitive linguistics. Also, we pay attention to the application of the centre and periphery in the description of the chosen linguistic phenomena and particular developmental tendencies of the contemporary Czech on the morphological level: We demonstrate the crossings of the linguistic units between two categories on the materiál of feminins oscillating between the declension types "žena" and "růže". Using the proper names (antroponyms and toponyms), we ask a question, if we can také this group of nouns as a periphery of one category (system), or an individual subsystem with its own rules.
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Current problems in neurolinguistics
Stehlíková, Olga ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee) ; Hudáková, Andrea (referee)
Neuroliguistics is a young and dynamic subject. It has become one of the fastest developing neuroscience subjects during its 40 year history. It is also probably the most dynamic linguistic discipline. It is quite uneasy to keep track of all (though often partial) important studies in this area because there are approximately 2000 new studies published every year. It is also quite difficult to evaluate and align these studies into a broader development context. The aim of this work is to accomplish this formidable task. It provides a basic insight into the history and current development of the subject with regard to related neuroscience interdisciplinary fields of study. It particularly stresses Czech language, local research environment and theoretical continuity (or better local discontinuity) of the inquiry. This work - as a first more complex publication in the Czech language - should serve as a basic commented overview of neurolinguistic issues. Theoretical knowledge is interconnected with clinical aphasiology field experience (including examples of language-disabled speech) and also general linguistic views of language system. Specific issues described by each subject are mentioned in the chapter introductions. Neurolinguistics is a part of cognitive science (humanities) as well as...
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Euphemisms in contemporary journalism
Švíbková, Zuzana ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Mareš, Petr (referee)
Tbe use of euphemisms is motivated by lhe speaker's intention to avoid expressions that would be considered inappropriate by the recipient. Ruphemisms are primarily understood as means of politeness; the speaker tries to avoid threatening the face of their communieation partner, or their own. ln joumalism, euphemisms appear also in other funetions, such as means of persuasion and manipulation. Based on material cxeerpled from cultural critiques and reviews we are trying to demonstrale that the traditional understanding 01' euphemisms as grammatieal and lcxical deviees is too narrow. lt is devices rrom a11 levels of language, often eombined, that participate on forming euphcmisms. ln this respect we see the use of euphemisms as a means that has impaet on the eonstruction of the whole text, and consequently consider them a stylistic device.
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Inferences in text understanding
Honková, Tereza ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
The thesis deals with inferences and their function in text understanding. The theoretical part involve a survey of various definitions of inference, a setting of notions which are related to inferences and at last classification of inferences based on linguistic and psychological literature. The empirical part is based on analysis of cook recipes (and technical instruction partially). We have set five means of language which indicate a necessity of making inference (pronouns, ellipsis, hyponyms-hypernyms relation, pronoun vše and adjectivizated participles) - in all cases these inferences are necessary for comprehension. We confronted these inferences with classification described in the theoretical part. Another inferences we make as the text is read are infereces which are not associated with a concrete means of language: bridging inferences and instrumental inferences. Knowledge of the language, general knowledges and experiences take part in inferencing.
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Space-time relations in the naratives of preschool children
Šmídová, Barbora ; Pacovská, Jasňa (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe children's narration with a stress on spatiotemporal. Children's narrative texts are described in the context of cognitive and mainly discursive linguistics. The theoretical part analyzes available Czech and foreign specialized literature on children's language from the perspective of developmental psychology and different narrative theories, and further on literature on expression of time and space in Czech. The empiric part of the thesis presents analysis of authentic recordings of children's narration. The aim of this part is to describe how pre-school children, namely three and five year old children, learn to narrate and how the narrative skill is being developed. The conclusion tries to sum-up present care of language education of pre-school children.
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Happiness and pain in Czech language picture of the world - topics of cognitive linguistics as part of teaching at primary and secondary schools
Palkovská, Lenka ; Machová, Svatava (advisor) ; Rangelová, Albena (referee) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee)
In my doctoral thesis, I foeused on both eapturing the linguistie pieture of the notions štěstí (happiness) and bolest (pain) in the Czech linguistie pieture of the world, and also on the possibility of incorporating cognitive linguistics topics into Czech language teaching. First of all, I deseribed the notion of cognitive linguistics in connection with psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and the theory of artificial intelligence. In this theoretical part, I touch on the problém of cognitive relativism compared to cognitive universalism, based, in particular, on Irena Vaňková's book Co na srdci, to na jazyku (Vaňková et al., 2005). I also briefly dealt with the Russian branch of cognitive linguistics. However, a greater attention was paid to the Polish tradition, and to the summary of linguistie pieture features. There are several defínitions of the linguistie pieture of the world: an interpretation of reality is pointed out in one, the way of segmenting the world, and viewing individual parts in another, the way of existence (appearing) of the world in the third. Irena Vaňková gives the following deseription: "It is possible to penetrate the natural world structures by means of language: quite a few essential things will open to us if the linguistie pieture of the world is explored because the natural...
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