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The phenomenology of experience in extreme situations based on the example of unplanned caesarean sections
Boháčková, Eva ; Mikšík, Oldřich (advisor) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee) ; Svoboda, Bohuslav (referee)
Our qualitative study "The Phenomenology of Experience in Extreme Situations Based on the Example of Unplanned Caesarean Sections" tries to map and to describe the phenomenon of extreme situations mainly from the point of view of their dynamic aspects and puts the emphasis on the experience of such. As a typical example of extreme situation we have chosen unplanned Caesarean Section on the background of historical - economic and social changes. Such example is to serve as a prototype of successful ending to the extreme situation. Therefore on ly such cases when both mother and child survived the delivery were included in our research. ln our work we are laying a question what experience of this concrete extreme situation means to women, what types of feelings may be connected with such experience and above all what various ways there are to cope with such experience. We are not actually trying to generalize because every such experience is a unique one. We are more searching for suitable theoretical frameworks, research methods and safe ways to allow mothers to gain distance from this difficult and sensitive experience so they can reinterpret such in a positive way. Then they can integrate such important and often traumatic event into their present every day life and enrich it by another experience dimension.
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New challenges of terrorism: social-psychological study
Měchová, Simona ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Mikšík, Oldřich (referee) ; Brzybohatý, Marian (referee)
Following text focuses on terrorism issues and it's new face. The author tries to cover the topic in it's complexity and significant connections and at the same time points out the simplified view on terrorism that society often adopts from the media presentation. The first part called "Terrorism as a social phenomenon" discribes differences between traditional and new terrorism, mentions historical roots of terrorism and it's evolution and also shows particular types of terrorism, it's techniques and methods used by terrorists. Text discribes the process of choosing particular type of the terrorist attack according to it's advantages. It can also help to understand the principles on which the terrorist group works and stands. Second part called "Psychological aspects of terrorism" wants to explain connections between behavior, acts, feelings and personal determination of terrorists, considering normality of their personality. Author analyses psychological determination of accepting terrorism as a method helping to deal with life reality; it takes a look at the manner of terrorist thinking, emotions and behavior, concerning his inclination to the extreme and it's psychological roots. Special focus is concerned on the Psychology of Suicidal Terrorism, Psychology of Hostage-Taking, Psychology of Justifying...
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Influence of personality profiles and social labour conditions on activity of military units in military missions abroad
Dziaková, Olga ; Mikšík, Oldřich (advisor) ; Urbanová, Miluše (referee) ; Kořán, Martin (referee)
This comparing analysis judges differences of personality profiles of the soldiers in military missions in present time and during the first "new-age" Czech military missions abroad. lt describes psychological conditions in actual military missions and the ones during the nineties of 201 h century in its social and labor aspects. lt gives the answers to questions how the change of military missions abroad, military duty and army as whole is connected with the shift of personality profile of the people who apply for military service in present and whom the service in missions abroad does not pose problems and compares collected facts with the era of the initial ones. lt explains how the labor psychological requirements are reflected in personality of soldiers who apply for a military service in missions abroad nowadays. The primary task of this expert work it is to find the answer for four questions: "1. Are there any differences in personality characteristics and in ability of soldiers from different units to adapt to missions environment?, 2. What is the difference in personality direction of military professionals in contingents deployed abroad today and during nineties of 201 h century?, 3. What are the differences among the demands of military profession in foreign military mission and real personality...
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New challenges of terrorism: social-psychological study
Měchová, Simona ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Mikšík, Oldřich (referee) ; Brzybohatý, Marian (referee)
Following text focuses on terrorism issues and it's new face. The author tries to cover the topic in it's complexity and significant connections and at the same time points out the simplified view on terrorism that society often adopts from the media presentation. The first part called "Terrorism as a social phenomenon" discribes differences between traditional and new terrorism, mentions historical roots of terrorism and it's evolution and also shows particular types of terrorism, it's techniques and methods used by terrorists. Text discribes the process of choosing particular type of the terrorist attack according to it's advantages. It can also help to understand the principles on which the terrorist group works and stands. Second part called "Psychological aspects of terrorism" wants to explain connections between behavior, acts, feelings and personal determination of terrorists, considering normality of their personality. Author analyses psychological determination of accepting terrorism as a method helping to deal with life reality; it takes a look at the manner of terrorist thinking, emotions and behavior, concerning his inclination to the extreme and it's psychological roots. Special focus is concerned on the Psychology of Suicidal Terrorism, Psychology of Hostage-Taking, Psychology of Justifying...
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The rate of irrational beliefs in relation to personality variables
Ivanovičová, Michaela ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Mikšík, Oldřich (referee)
Práca skúma existenciu a podobu diferencií medzi skupinami ľudí s roznou mierou iracionálnych presvedčení a ich PSSI osobnostnými štýlmi. Študentom (N=105) a psychiatricky hospitalizovaným pacientom (N=95) bol administrovaný PSSIInventár štýlov a porúch osobnosti (Kuhl-Kazén, 2002), Inventár iracionálnych presvedčení (IBI; Koopmans a kol., 1994) a škála lP A (Kondáš-Kordačová, 2000). Výsledky poukázali na súvislosť nižšej miery iracionality s dominantnou činnosťou intuitívnej regulácie správania, ktorú možno lokalizovať v pravej hemisfére. Vyššia miera iracionality je na druhej strane spojená s dominantnou činnosťou analytického myslenia a citlivosti na rozdiely, ktoré sú lokalizované do ľavej hemisféry. Pre ďalšie skúmanie by bolo podnetné skúmať iracionalitu i na pozadí ďalších osobnostných premenných alebo overovať účinnosť terapeutických programov vychádzajúcich z naznačených výskumných výsledkov.
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Mental and psychosomatic disorders among citizens of Yemen with focus on factors of work-stress (Al-Mukalla city)
Al-Attass, Hadoon ; Srnec, Jan (advisor) ; Hermochová, Soňa (referee) ; Mikšík, Oldřich (referee)
Světová zdravotnická organizace (World Health Organization WHO) definuje zdraví jako stav, kdy je člověku naprosto dobře, a to jak fyzicky tak psychicky sociálně. Není to jen nepřítomnost nemoci a neduživosti (Křivohlavý 2001, 37). Myslím si, že vrcholem zdraví pro občany rozvojových zemí je nepřítomnost somatických nemocí. U psychických poruch je situace ještě horší. V celém světě trápí asi 450,000,000 lidí psychické a behaviorální poruchy. Čtvrtinu lidstva bude trápit jedna či více poruch někdy v průběhu jejího života. Polovina příčin, které způsobí invaliditu (neschopnost) a předčasnou smrt, je psychických. Psychické poruchy neznamenají jen psychologickou, sociální a ekonomickou zátěž. Současně zvyšují i možnost vzniku somatických nemocí (WHO 2005). Jestliže je rozsah problému duševního zdraví v celém světě takovýto, jaký může být podíl třetího světa, kde ještě navíc hraje velkou negativní roli zdravotní neuvědomělost? Jedním ze států třetího světa je Jemenská republika JR, ve které je úroveň zdravotní péče nízká a úroveň duševního zdraví je ještě nižší. Vývoj osobnosti a aktuální psychický stav jsou ovlivňovány dvěma stránkami: vrozenou výbavou a kontextem, ve kterém žije člověk, který je jako vývojově nejvyšší živá bytost nejzranitelnější. Následek překonání obranných schopností psychiky se objeví...
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Dynamics of the actual psychical stages of the sprinters during race
Trčková, Tereza ; Rychtecký, Antonín (referee) ; Mikšík, Oldřich (advisor)
The aim ofthe diploma thesis was to contribute to knowledge englargement about the level of actual psychical stages of sprinters during race. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesi s I am concemed with the influence of motion activity on the psy che and mostly with relationship of psychical factor to performance. I tried to explain the flow state experience, its dimensions and conditions necessary for achievement of it. I presented the dividing of APS and concentrated on their optimization. In the research part of my diploma thesi s I used a controlled dialogue, video recordings and two persona! questionnaires to built up eight casuistries of the Czech male and female sprinters. Individua! casuistries ended in specific conditions necessary to achieve the highest performance and for optimum tuning too. The individua! psychological diagnostics of every sprinter was very important. I looked for what determines the structure of their experience and their performance in the race.
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