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Life in the seventeenth and eighteenth century Christian and Muslim settings through the Prism of the Jewish Subjects
Younger, Markéta Pnina ; Masař, Tomáš (advisor) ; Soukup, Daniel (referee) ; Buňatová, Marie (referee)
Life in the seventeenth and eighteenth century Christian and Muslim settings through the Prism of the Jewish Subjects Abstract In this comparative thesis two types of civilizations in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries stand side by side with a special focus on the topic of converts and religious conversion to and from Judaism. The Latin Christian civilization is represented by the Habsburg Empire, while the Islamic civilization is represented by the Ottoman Empire. These two religious, political and cultural settings managed religious minorities differently, but at the same time there were ongoing encounters of various character between them in the studied period. This thesis is based mainly on the Jewish responsa literature, which recorded everyday problems tackled by the Jewish communities. In a complementary way, historical documents of state provenance were taken into account. These were primarily records of ecclesiastical provenance for the Habsburg part and critical editions of court records (sijills) for the Ottoman part. The comparative analysis was carried out in multiple modes against the backdrop of concepts of legal spaces and social figurations as formulated by Norbert Elias. In the first mode, the thesis examines how converts and religious conversion are reflected in the responsa...
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The Crisis of Czechoslovakia in September 1938 from the Perspective of Finnish Press
Kordík, Jakub ; Masař, Tomáš (advisor) ; Skálová, Barbora (referee)
(anglicky) This bachelor thesis deals with the reflection of the events leading to the signing of the Munich Agreement in three selected Finnish periodicals, namely Helsingin Sanomat, Suomen Sosialidemokraatti and Maaseudun Tulevaisuus. Each newspaper was chosen based on its different target audience within the Finnish political spectrum. The aim of the thesis was to use mainly the qualitative analysis and the comparative method to find out how these media approached the events in Central Europe, how they commented on them and whether they sided with one of the sides, or remained neutral. There was an analysis of opinion articles and comments in four chapters of the practical part covering the period of September and the beginning of October 1938 and in the end a synthesis of knowledge about individual newspapers and their mutual comparison. The research found that all three media differed greatly in their points of view on the crisis, with Suomen Sosialidemokraatti siding with Czechoslovakia, Maaseudun Tulevaisuus leaning more towards Nazi Germany and Helsingin Sanomat being in between them.
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Whose side are you on? Radical Left in postwar Finland - on the phenomenon of Marxism-Leninism outside the Eastern Bloc
Skálová, Barbora ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Masař, Tomáš (referee) ; LARMOLA, Heikki Markku (referee)
Barbora Skálová Whose side are you on? Radical Left in postwar Finland - on the phenomenon of Marxism-Leninism outside the Eastern Bloc Abstract The dissertation aims to explore the phenomenon of a radical left movement - Taistoists - which at the turn of the 60s and 70s for a short period of time dominated the student and cultural circles in Finland. The dissertation strives to shed light on the reasons for the uprise of the - in European context unique - pro-Soviet, Marxist-Leninist and "anti-anti- establishment" youth movement, and on its influence on home and foreign policy of Finland in terms of so-called Finlandization. The work also puts the movement into the Czechoslovakian context, mainly in relation to the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion. The dissertation discusses the theoretical anticapitalistic background of the movement and compares it to the theoretical background and political practice of coeval New Left movements in Europe and the USA. The experience of the members of the movement has been elaborated in the oral history part based on personal interviews. The oral history chapter aims to offer an explanation and a broader perspective of the taistolaiset phenomenon presented by direct witnesses and participants of the movement.
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A Comparison of the Processes of Creating National Identities in Finland and the Czech Lands in the 19th Century
Masař, Tomáš ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Beneš, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kiliánová, Gabriela (referee)
The dissertation thesis deals with mutual reflection and perception of national movements in Finland and Czech lands during the years 1789-1914. On the background of newly shaped Finnish or Czech nations, it compares, in which way the perception of Finns respectively Czechs changed and evolved from the point of view of other nation that was in analogical situation in its national emancipation. The major role was played by mutual contacts between prominent figures of both national revivals, who delivered their perception and experience to broader audience not only via articles in newspaper, but also in magazines, popular as well as scientific, and also books. This thesis is based on assumption, that the leading persons of both nations were aware of mutual similarities as well as differences between both national movements, at the same time it also sets up a hypothesis, that knowledge of the other national movement, its advantages and disadvantages could be used in a progress of own nation. The first chapter outlines bilateral contacts between Czech and Finnish ethnics from the High Middle Ages until the birth of the national revival movements. Following chapter is describing the first mutual relations between the first generations of Czech and Finnish revivalists at the end of the 18th century,...
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The political system of the German empire 1871-1914
Masař, Tomáš ; Stellner, František (referee) ; Županič, Jan (advisor)
The hereby presented diploma paper is concentrated primarily on the German political system in the years 1871-1914 and its constitution of 1871. At the beginning I have resumed publications dealing with this topic. I focused my attention mostly on works dealing with German constitutions in the 19th century and especially with the constitution of 1871. Moreover, I have taken note of the evolution of the political system and the political parties of the German empire. Not least, I have noticed the most important biographies dedicated to significant personalities of this period of German history, which fundamentally influenced the German political system. These include above all the "iron" chancellor Otto von Bismarck and the last German emperor William II. In the first part of my diploma paper I have outlined the development in German lands in the period from the Congress of Vienna in 1815 until the unification of Germany in 1871. I have divided this chapter into four minor parts, out of which the first three are dealing with the development of politics in this time period. The first part describes the time after the Congress of Vienna and the restoration of old German monarchies, the second part deals with the revolution year 1848 and the disillusionment from the revolution and the third one with the effect...
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