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Weight reduction of breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding mothers
Prokopová, Michaela ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee)
Postpartum weight reduction is a common process during most mother's lives. This thesis focuses on the weight reduction of breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding mothers, nutrition and exercising during the lactation and before delivery. There are two main parts. First of them, theoretical one, describes thoroughly the topics mentioned above, accenting the lactation period. Some of the studies which pursued similar topics in the past are also introduced and their outcomes are described in detail. The first part also focuses, to a lesser extent, on the pregnancy, for it is a natural precursor of the delivery and the subsequent lactation period. The second part is a practical one. There is a results analysis of an anonymous quantitative survey which had been made up for the thesis and presented to 127 respondents via internet. The results were processed into graphs and evaluated. The target of this thesis is to find out, what a successfulness of the postpartum weight reduction is and whether there is an association between breastfeeding and weight changes. The acquired information indicate that breastfeeding might be one of the factors that positively contributes to more effective postpartum weight reduction. Nevertheless the data are not unequivocal enough to establish the breastfeeding beyond all...
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Knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards healthy eating
Fajmonová, Simona ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Daňková, Martina (referee)
The theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals with specific nutritional needs and the concept of healthy nutrition during period of adolescence. Knowledge and attitudes are constantly evolving in period of adolescence and can also be negatively affected in many ways (most often through media), so emphasis is placed on the risks of excessive or inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. A special chapter deals with eating disorders. The paper analyses individual categories of the food pyramid in detail, focusing on needs and pitfalls related to adolescents. The practical part of the diploma thesis focuses on mapping of the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards healthy nutrition. Main aims of this work were to compare the knowledge of adolescents about healthy nutrition, depending on the currently studied school and age (in this work was compared the younger group aged 13−15 with the older group aged 17− 19). Another aim of the work was to investigate the relationship between the attitude towards healthy nutrition and the sex and also the difference in attitudes between the two adolescent age categories. The used methodology was a questionnaire survey. From mid-February to the end of March 2017, data was collected at schools in the Central Bohemia Region, specifically in the town of...
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Vitamin D and Its Determination in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Kosheleva, Svetlana ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Flekač, Milan (referee)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1T) is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to progressive loss of pancreatic β-cells. The incidence of this disease is effected by genetic factors and external environment. One of the possible non-genetic factors associated with the risk of DM1T is vitamin D deficiency. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to determine the possible connections between serum levels of glycated hemoglobin-HbA1c and 25OH Vitamin D in pediatric and adult patients of the Clinic of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and 3rd Medical Department of the 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General Fakulty hospital in Prague with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus 1.The group consisted of 57 patients: 17 pediatric patients with DM1T, 20 adult patients with DM1T and a control group of 20 adult patients with DM2T. Patients were randomly assigned to regular checkups as part of ongoing clinical examination. Serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D <10 ng/ml were evaluated as deficient, 10-30 ng/ml as insufficient and 30-80 ng/ml is sufficient. The results showed that vitamin D insufficiency occurs in all groups of the monitored patient population. The mean value of 25OH Vitamin D (25(OH)D) was 18.01±5.23 ng /ml in DM1T pediatric patients, 20.15±10.83 ng /ml in adult patients with DM1T and T...
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Comparing the eating habits of children in the Czech republic and Slovakia
Ondová, Adriána ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
dětské obezity celosvětově stoupá. Dle studie HBSC, děti z České republiky Slovenska konzumují nadměrné množství slazených nápojů, sladkostí a naopak jedí málo zeleniny a ovoce, nesnídají, mají málo pohybu a tráví dvě a více hodin denně u počítače nebo Teoretická část je věnována příčinám rozvoje obezity v dětském věku, její diagnostice prevenci. Další část je věnována vývoji stravování v ém dětství, pohybové aktivitě doporučeným zdravým stravovacím návykům. praktické části byly použity dotazníky, které byly rozdány ve čtyřech základních školách v České republice (Základní škola Campanus, Praha 4 a Základní škola T. G. Masaryka, Velim) a na Slovensku (Základní škola Sídlisko JUH, Vranov nad Topľou Základní škola Sečovská Polianka). Zkoumaný soubor dětí z ně základní školy České republice (ČR) a Slovenské republice (SR) byl rozdělen na děti s děti s nadváhou nebo obezitou. Skupiny dětí z I. a II. stupně z obou států byly porovnávány mezi sebou, byly zjišťovány rozdíly v nápojů. Současně bylo zjišťováno, zda snídají, jak často se věnují pohybové aktivitě a hodin denně tráví u počítače/TV. Studie ukázala, že české obézní děti konzumovaly více ovoce a zeleniny, ale měly ily více času u počítače/TV. Slovenské obézní děti konzumovaly dostatek ovoce, ale mnohem méně zeleniny než české děti, ale naopak měly více...
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LCD a VLCD diet during hospitalization
Zajíčková, Jana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee)
Objective: LCD and VLCD diets are short-term indicated (days to weeks) low caloric and very low caloric diets, which should be supervised by a doctor - e. g. by means a weight loss hospitalization (WLH). LCD and VLCD diets are used in preoperative preparation of obese patients and to break insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM II). The theoretical part of the bachelor"s thesis is focused on LCD and VLCD in obesity and diabetes mellitus treatment - the two most common diseases that can be found in the medical history of patients indicated for WLH. The aim of the theoretical part is to compare obesity treatment in medical care and commercial weight loss programs (for commercial weight loss programs the term "obesity management" is used). The study evaluate the most common indications for WLH, determine weight changes during the hospitalization and compare the weight of patients with DM II and without DM II (nDM II) one year after the WLH. Methods: The input data were obtained from the Medea database. These are the anamnestic data of patients hospitalized for the purpose of losing weight on the Third Medical Department of First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague in the period of January 2014 - January 2015. There were 93 WLHs...
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Questionnaire study of lifestyle and diet in obese children
Trojáčková, Jolana ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Piecha, Roman (referee)
Obesity represents a serious issue of today. Change of lifestyle is a major factor of incidence of obesity. According to the HBSC study, many children from North America and Europe including the Czech Republic do not eat breakfast, do not consume fruit and vegetable, lack physical activity, consume sweets and sweetened drinks and spend more than two hours a day watching TV. In the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis the term obesity is defined and the reasons for child obesity are explained. Diagnostic criteria of obesity are described, together with the risks, treatment and prevention. Moreover, dietary recommendations are introduced for children of different ages. The subject of the bachelor thesis was to conduct a survey by a questionnaire in order to discover dietary habits and lifestyle of obese children. The questionnaire was anonymous and the respondents were the patients of the Endocrinology Department of the Pediatric Clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague and the 1. Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2. The objective of the practical part was to compare the dietary habits and lifestyle of obese children who go the Endocrinology Department with a control group of not obese children. The aim was to evaluate the consumption of energy-dense food and...
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Monitoring of glycaemia for diabetic patients (type one) in connection with their active movements
Kurtzová, Drahomíra ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee)
This thesis focuses on a continuing monitoring glycaemia of patients with type 1 diabetes in connection with their physical activity. The aim is to describe the changes of glycaemic index as a reaction to various sport activities and further predict the glycaemia development based on daily regime. Theoretical part of thesis deals with basic information of diagnosis diabetes type 1. Is concentrating on sports activity, type, duration and intensity with recommendation for active diabetics and proper nutrition (diet). Practical part evaluates two sensors of a type 1 diabetic female patient and analyses collected records of continual monitoring glycaemia. During these records evaluates and graphically describes her nutritional intake and describes the changes of glycaemia according to specific aspects of physical activities. Based of 5 days detailed monitoring were identified causes of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia and level of glycaemia was compared with application of insulin, diet and physical activity. It was managed to confirm that the effect of physical activity last hours after the exercise complementation and so this leads to late glycaemia reduction. Also it was confirmed that the response to stress situation can trigger hyperglycaemia and also that open sensor can lead to inaccurate...
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The impact of IGF1 and selected IGF1 gene polymorphisms on postnatal growth in children SGA/IUGR and extremely preterm newborns.
Kytnarová, Jitka ; Zeman, Jiří (advisor) ; Baxová, Alice (referee) ; Houšťková, Hana (referee)
Long-term outcome of extremely preterm neonates depends on many endogenous and exogenous factors. Long-term follow-up of extremely preterm neonates during childhood and analyses of IGF1 gene polymorphisms may help to better understand the problems connected with delayed postnatal growth and the progression of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2 in adulthood. The aim was the long-term follow-up of anthropometric parameters in children born at 22−25th and 26−27th week of gestation and to study the association between postnatal growth of extremely preterm children, children small for gestational age (SGA) and children born at term with appropriate birth weight/length (AGA) and IGF1 gene polymorphisms: (CA)10-24 repetitive polymorphism in promoter, microsatellite marker D12S318 and 185 bp in 3'UTR, (CT)n polymorphism (CA)n polymorphism 216 bp in the intron 2. Methods. 242 infants born at 22-27+6 weeks were enrolled. Anthropometric parameters were measured at the ages of 2 and 5 years in 72 children born at 22-25+6 week (group I) and 85 children born at 26-27+6 week (group II). Polymorphisms of IGF1 were analysed in 51 extremely preterm, 208 AGA and 59 SGA children using fragment analyses. The data of postnatal growth data in AGA children were obtained at 18 months, in SGA and extremely...
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Experience of Czech teenagers with reducing diets
Daňková, Martina ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Hlavatá, Karolína (referee)
Nowadays, an often discussed subject is the increasing occurrence of obesity amongst children and adolescents. However, occasionally only we can hear about the increasing level of body dissatisfaction amongst adolescents associated with dieting and unhealthy weight control behaviours and may increase the risk of developing eating disorders. The theoretical part of the thesis defines dieting, studies concrete methods of weight control behaviors and additionally examines the psychology of nutrition and eating habits. The purpose of the empirical part is to examine experiences associated with dieting and weight loss attempts amongst the Czech adolescent population (12-18 year-old), and compare them for two observed groups. The study participants comprised 151 teenagers, 50 of which came to the first outpatient examination for obesity, and the other 101 were treated with different diagnosis by the same doctor (n=58) or came from a different environment (n=43). We have employed the quantitative aspect of research which is based on questionnaire that contain questions about dieting, weight loss diets and their corresponding informational source, and the body satisfaction amongst adolescents. We have discovered that 44% respondents from the total cohort have already been engaged in dieting (dieters,...
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