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Effect of long-term breastfeeding on infant growth from birth to two years of age.
Bočková, Kateřina ; Bláha, Pavel (advisor) ; Krásničanová, Hana (referee)
Growth is sensible detector of long-term health condition of children. Observation of growth by means of growth charts are an important aid for practise of paediatricians. This work assesses an influence of long-term breastfeeding on growth of children from birth to 2 years of age and compares the growth of these children with the world study (MGRS) and Czech study (5./6. CAV). The basis for my study was formed from the set of children measured in Dr. Mottlova's office. It was detected, that long-term breastfeeding significantly influences the length and weight of children, when it interacts with age of children. Breast-fed children were smaller (0,6 cm, 1,1 cm, 0,9 cm) and lighter (250 g, 400 g, 210 g) then formula-fed children in 6th , 12th and 18th month of age. The comparison between our study, MGRS and 5./6. CAV proved, that the growth of children in our study is more similar to 5./6.CAV. Key words: growth, human milk, breastfeeding, growth standards, percentile charts.
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Facial approximation: An assessment of the principles of the method and analysis of the craniofacial relationships
Zedníková Malá, Pavla ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Beňuš, Radoslav (referee) ; Krásničanová, Hana (referee)
This doctoral thesis is submitted in the form of scientific publications together with theoretical introduction. The present state of knowledge of facial approximation methods is presented in the introduction. Areas of application, principles of the method and classification of the methods according to medium used are briefly described. Accuracy and limits of the method are further described as they form a base of the research of this thesis. Simultaneous existence of multiple prediction guidelines, of which the accuracy is not known or published, is typical characteristic of the facial approximation method. The aim of this thesis was to assess the accuracy of the particular prediction rules for estimation of position and size of facial parts (eyes, nose, lips), and based on the results to recommend the most accurate and suitable guidelines for middle European population. An assessment of the strength of the association between craniofacial shape and the shape of soft tissues in the profile using geometric morphometric methods, and determination of the extent to which it might be possible to predict the latter from the former were the purpose of the second part of the research. Material for this study consisted of 87 lateral head cephalograms of a recent adult Central European population (52 males...
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Analysis of the relationships of selected somatic characteristics of newborns and mothers - population probe.
Špičáková, Dagmar ; Krásničanová, Hana (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
9 Abstract Aim of the study. In mammals, including humans, the dominance of maternal influence on fetal size is manifesting. The main known limits from non-genetic components causing the physiological variation of the birth weight are maternal skeletal dimensions (body height and weight) and parity. The main aim of our study is to analyze the relationships between maternal height, maternal weight at the beginning and at the end of gravidity, and anthropometric parameters of a newborn. Data and Methods. Our study is based on transversal anthropometric data of 201 newborns (92 boys, 109 girls) born in Regional Hospital Kladno during one year (from September 2010 till August 2011), and their mothers. In one set of newborns (n = 156) 24 different body sizes were measured in detail. In the second group (n = 45) only birth weight, birth length and head circumference of the newborn were registered. Somatic characteristic of mothers were gathered by questionnaire. Results. The average value of the birth weight of newborns (boys: x = 3 318 g, girls: x = 3 232 g), maternal height ( x = 167,3 cm) and maternal pregravid weight ( x = 64,7 kg) correspond to the reference values. The maternal average age is 29,9 years. Statistically significant dependence can be seen between the birth weight and birth length of a newborn...
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The estimation of body composition in peripubertal girls
Pavelčáková, Tereza ; Krásničanová, Hana (advisor) ; Málková, Michaela (referee)
184 second grade girls from different primary schools were measured. Current body height, body weight, mid-arm circumference, body mass index and the skinfold thickness were established. All the body characteristics were statistically processed and they were analysed. The results are in a good agreement with current czech standards (V. and VI. Nation-wide Anthropological Survey of Children and Adolescents in the Czech Republic 1991, 2001), or in case of skinfold thickness (Bláha et al, 1999 a ). The results could be influenced by the optional permition of girls
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Facial approximation: An assessment of the principles of the method and analysis of the craniofacial relationships
Zedníková Malá, Pavla ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Beňuš, Radoslav (referee) ; Krásničanová, Hana (referee)
This doctoral thesis is submitted in the form of scientific publications together with theoretical introduction. The present state of knowledge of facial approximation methods is presented in the introduction. Areas of application, principles of the method and classification of the methods according to medium used are briefly described. Accuracy and limits of the method are further described as they form a base of the research of this thesis. Simultaneous existence of multiple prediction guidelines, of which the accuracy is not known or published, is typical characteristic of the facial approximation method. The aim of this thesis was to assess the accuracy of the particular prediction rules for estimation of position and size of facial parts (eyes, nose, lips), and based on the results to recommend the most accurate and suitable guidelines for middle European population. An assessment of the strength of the association between craniofacial shape and the shape of soft tissues in the profile using geometric morphometric methods, and determination of the extent to which it might be possible to predict the latter from the former were the purpose of the second part of the research. Material for this study consisted of 87 lateral head cephalograms of a recent adult Central European population (52 males...
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Assessment of Muscle Force and Power in Children and Youth using Mechanography
Matysková, Jana ; Zemková, Daniela (advisor) ; Krásničanová, Hana (referee)
Introduction: Bone strength is dependent on stimulation by skeletal muscles. To diagnose reduced bone strength and density in children and adolescents is therefore important not only to assess the physical and geometric parameters of bones using densitometric methods, but also to objectively assess parameters of muscle function. "Jumping mechanography" is one of the new techniques used for assessment of muscle force and power. The aim of the thesis was to create the gender-specific pediatric reference data on the main parameters of mechanography, muscle force (Fmax) and muscle power (Pmax). And to increase our knowledge of mechanography by defining relations between indicators mentioned above and basic anthropometrical parameters. Material and Methods: The study population included 796 healthy individuals (432 girls and 364 boys) aged 6-18 years. All probands were examined by a "single two-legged jump" and they were measured for their height and body mass. "Multiple one-legged hopping" was performed in a subgroup of 376 children. The participants were recruited from five primary schools and three high schools. Motoric tests were performed using a portable force platform ("Leonardo Mechanograph® GRFP", Novotec Medical GmbH, Pforzheim). LMS method was used to generate smooth centile curves for parameters...
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Selected auxological aspects of menarche
Švecová, Martina ; Krásničanová, Hana (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
Thesis aims to analyze some auxological aspects of menarche in a sample of peripubertal school-aged Prague girls. Sample PRAHA 2012 consists of 293 girls from Prague within the age ranging from 11,00 - 14,99 years. Ascertained median age of menarche 12,4 years is significantly lower (p = 0,0004) than median of Prague population - 13,04 years, respectively lower than median age of menarche of Czech population - 13,00 years according to data from the last national anthropological survey (CAV 2001). Our investigation suggests a "break off" in long-term stagnation age of menarche (minus 0,6 year) at least in a urban population in Czech Republic. According to our findings deceleration age of menarche wasn't accompanied by increase of average body height or other nutritional characteristics (body weight, BMI, arm circumference, thickness of skinfolds) in comparison with actual pediatrics standards. Though, there is a clearly evidence that participant's body composition affected age of menarche. A comparison of premenarcheal (n = 139) and postmenarcheal (n = 154) girls of the same age showed statistically significant elevated values in body weight (42,5 kg, 47,6 kg vs 56,3 kg, 54,1 kg), BMI (17,6 kg/mš, 18,3kg/mš vs 21,3 kg/mš, 20,7 kg/mš) and percentage of body fat (19,4%, 19,7% vs 24,5% a 23,1%) at...
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Effect of long-term breastfeeding on infant growth from birth to two years of age.
Bočková, Kateřina ; Bláha, Pavel (advisor) ; Krásničanová, Hana (referee)
Growth is sensible detector of long-term health condition of children. Observation of growth by means of growth charts are an important aid for practise of paediatricians. This work assesses an influence of long-term breastfeeding on growth of children from birth to 2 years of age and compares the growth of these children with the world study (MGRS) and Czech study (5./6. CAV). The basis for my study was formed from the set of children measured in Dr. Mottlova's office. It was detected, that long-term breastfeeding significantly influences the length and weight of children, when it interacts with age of children. Breast-fed children were smaller (0,6 cm, 1,1 cm, 0,9 cm) and lighter (250 g, 400 g, 210 g) then formula-fed children in 6th , 12th and 18th month of age. The comparison between our study, MGRS and 5./6. CAV proved, that the growth of children in our study is more similar to 5./6.CAV. Key words: growth, human milk, breastfeeding, growth standards, percentile charts.
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