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A contribution to problems of the succession on the English throne after Henry VIII Tudor
Chlubna, Jan ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
Henry VIII, king of England, is recorded in history, especially in historical awareness of general public by his family life, record-setting six marriages, divorce of the first of them, beheading of two of his wives and separation of the Church of England from Rome. The aim of this thesis was to get "below the surface" of simplifying interpretation of reign of Henry VIII, to analyze, how king was trying to solve in both home and foreign policy a question of succession after himself on the English throne and establishing position of his house. Henry VIII was found in a very unstable and difficult position concerning the security of Tudor dynasty on the English throne for the main duration of his reign. So, this was one of reasons, why Henry in desire for having son decided to divorce with his first wife; this had extraordinary diplomatic and international consequences in difficult time of Italian wars. The whole situation led in legal and in the end religious separation of the Church of England from Rome. Matrimonial diplomacy and elimination prospective home rivals were usual instruments of securing of ruling dynasties both in England and the other European countries. But Henry VIII came in the period of divorce crisis with new instrument in making his dynastic policy. His "first minister" Thomas Cromwell...
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Road to the Caribbean crisis. On the development of US foreign policy towards Cuba and the USSR in 1961-1962
Fiala, Jaroslav ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Nálevka, Vladimír (referee)
Problematika Karibské krize se stala předmětem velkého počtu studií, jež se zabývají tímto tématem, či je kladou do širšího kontextu mezinárodních vztahů. Přestože se názory a hodnocení jejich autorů v mnoha ohledech liší, většina z nich považuje tuto událost za jeden z nejdůležitějších momentů druhé poloviny 20. století. Nebezpečí, které vyvolala, poukázalo na to, že hrozba jaderného střetu byla v bipolárním uspořádání nejen "společným nepřítelem", ale i možnou "vyjednávací strategií". Politické elity a odborná veřejnost tudíž dostaly šanci k diskusím, jak obdobnou situaci řešit a jak jí zabránit. Pro studium nejnovějších dějin se tak kubánská raketová krize stala tématem zásadního významu.
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Liberal party 1886-1906. Contribution to British history on the edge of the 19th and 20th century
Skokan, Peter ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
Roky 1886 - 1906 boli pre existenciu Liberálnej strany zásadným obdobím. Táto etapa vnútrostraníckej krízy bola poznačená nielen politickými, ale hlbokými osobnými spormi medzi kolegami. Práve ony boli koniec koncov jedným z dôvodov tak dlhého trvania vnútorného napätia a nedorozumení. Prvé náznaky pre liberálov katastrofických rokov prelomu 19. a 20. storočia sa ukazovali už v prvej polovici osemdesiatych rokov v konfliktoch medzi whigmi a radikálmi, ktoré ukazovali dokonca ideologickú nejednotnosť strany. Liberálom sa nakoniec osudnou stala írska otázka, ktorá ich rozdelila a Gladstoneove zaryté a bezhlavé trvanie na jej prioritnom riešení trvajúce až do jeho rezignácie z postu predsedu vlády na jar 1894. (...)
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Geogre Jeffreys, a deo rex, a lege rex. George Jeffreys, The king is from God, the law from the king
Veselá, Hana ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
This thesis subject is the life of George Jeffreys, an english judge living in 1645-1689 period, who presided the ,,Bloody Assizes" in the autumn of 1685. The main goal is to answer the question, whether he really deserved the names of ,,Hanging Judge" and ,,Bloody Judge" and if not, where this myth originated.
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The diplomatic relations between Czechoslovakia and United States of America during the Prague Spring period in the context of détente policy
Kramešová, Kateřina ; Horčička, Václav (advisor) ; Kovář, Martin (referee)
In my thesis I examine the diplomatic relations between Czechoslovakia and the United States of America during the Prague Spring period (1967 - 1969) in the context of détente policy. In chronological order I assess developments of the mutual cooperation between Czechoslovakia and the USA looking at whether there were any serious changes with regard to Czechoslovak reform movement. Conclusions of my research demonstrate that there were no serious revisions of foreign policymaking of neither Czechoslovakia nor the United States. During the Prague Spring, communist Czechoslovakia concentrated on cooperation with the Soviet Union and other states within the East bloc; as well as, the USA with regard to their international priorities did not intended to get involved in the Czechoslovak crisis being afraid of harming the relations with the USSR and the development on the international arena leading to détente policy.
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A contribution to problems of the succession on the English throne after Henry VIII Tudor
Chlubna, Jan ; Kovář, Martin (referee) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
Henry VIII, king of England, is recorded in history, especially in historical awareness of general public by his family life, record-setting six marriages, divorce of the first of them, beheading of two of his wives and separation of the Church of England from Rome. The aim of this thesis was to get "below the surface" of simplifying interpretation of reign of Henry VIII, to analyze, how king was trying to solve in both home and foreign policy a question of succession after himself on the English throne and establishing position of his house. Henry VIII was found in a very unstable and difficult position concerning the security of Tudor dynasty on the English throne for the main duration of his reign. So, this was one of reasons, why Henry in desire for having son decided to divorce with his first wife; this had extraordinary diplomatic and international consequences in difficult time of Italian wars. The whole situation led in legal and in the end religious separation of the Church of England from Rome. Matrimonial diplomacy and elimination prospective home rivals were usual instruments of securing of ruling dynasties both in England and the other European countries. But Henry VIII came in the period of divorce crisis with new instrument in making his dynastic policy. His "first minister" Thomas Cromwell...
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Nationalization in Great Britain in 1945-1951
Erva, Martin ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee) ; Kovář, Martin (advisor)
democratic world started in the United Kingdom: nationalization. The Labour Party landslide victory in the general election of 1945 was more than just a change of government. First time in history Labour Party came to power with a majority in the House of Commons. As a result of these processes the Labour ministers launched nationalization programme. However, these processes have deeper roots. Nationalization without protests was possible after many years of changes within the British population. The perception of property rights, freedom and role of a state was different than twenty years ago. We have to go back to a period of the Great War, when Great Britain started with reforms of a state that were inspired by Germany. Functions ofthe state were reorganized along German lines. Paradoxically, "German's succes" in the World W ar was a main reason for it. Furthermore, Labour Party had strongly believed in nationalization from the times of Karl Marx. For Labour Party nationalisation had been a necessary condition for a socialistic society. The dangerest attack on the freedom and property rights came from the middle way activists, economists and politicians like J.M. Keynes, W. Beveridge and others. These people, as well as the Second World War, convinced people and elites in the Great Britain, that...
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The Cyprus question in the foreign policy of the United States of America 1960-1974
Koura, Jan ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Nálevka, Vladimír (referee)
As a result of World War II the Eastern Mediterranean became one of the most strategic regions in a rising bipolar system. The United States of America realized the geostrategical importance of Greece and Turkey and therefore they provided them with Truman doctrine financial support as a means of preventing infiltration of the Soviet Union to the region. Greece and Turkey assumed their important role in the security system of the West and therefore the United States had an interest in political and economical stability of the area. Nevertheless, from the fifties deep rooted historical tensions between Greece and Turkey intensified. The main reason for this was the Mediterranean island Cyprus, which was a traditional point of contention between both countries. The Cyprus Republic was founded in 1960 as a way of solving problems on the ethnically divided island and leading to pacify Greek-Turkish relations. However, the independence of Cyprus did not calm the situation in the Eastern Mediterranean. Events on the island created significant crises in 1964 and 1974; Greece and Turkey were in both years on the brink of mutual military confrontation. The United States took responsibility for the maintenance of the southeastern flag of NATO and from the end of the fifties started to be interested in the 'Cyprus...
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Persecution of catholic church in former soviet countries in the years 1945-1956. Case: political process in Frydlant in Bohemia
Heinzl, Jan ; Tumis, Stanislav (advisor) ; Kovář, Martin (referee)
The submitted rigorous theses deal with the political-churchly situation in the Central Europe between the years 1945-1956. It describes the position of Vatican after WWII. and also the development of the Vatican's attitude towards the left-wind ideology. It also gives a picture about the position of the Catholic Church in Poland, East Germany, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. It describes the persecution of bishops, clericals, friars, nuns; it describes the intended limitation of the church's influence on the active Catholics too. 111 A special part consists of the analyses of some historical sources which gives a clear picture about the period of the hardest persecution of the Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia, directly in the frontier region Frýdlant v Čechách. Some important elements of the totalitarian system of that period are described: The State office for clerical affairs, the signification of the Church secretary's activities, the Catholic action, the Catholic cleric's persecution and especially the activity of the internment monastery in Hejnice. One of the parts of these theses is also a study about the delivery transportation of monasterial libraries in Czechoslovakia. As an addition to the topic there are 4 interviews with the victims of the persecution given, there are lists with names of the...
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