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Physiological relevance of futile cycling based on lipolysis and fatty acid re-esterification in white adipose tissue
Funda, Jiří ; Flachs, Pavel (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
AJ The thesis deals with the task of futile metabolic cycling, mainly on the cycle including lipolysis and fatty acid re-esterification, which takes place in white adipose tissue. This cycle plays some essential roles in organism, including regulation of important metabolic pathways in lipid metabolism and also exhibit certain influence on the whole body energy metabolism. First part of the thesis is focused on general properties of futile metabolic cycles and shows some examples of their functions in organism. Next part presents detail view on single steps making the whole lipolysis/re-esterification cycle. Considerable part deals with the ways of regulation of futile cycle activity. This approach may increase an impact of futile cycling on processes under its influence. Physiological relevance of futile metabolic cycle based on lipolysis and fatty acid re-esterification in white adipose tissue was described in numerous studies. This thesis shows their results for a purpose to provide a summary of functions of this system in physiology of mammals. Key words futile metabolic cycle, lipolysis, re-esterification, fatty acids, adipose tissue
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Energy metabolism of heart at high altitude and during physical exercise
Flégrová, Eliška ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Heart is a highly oxidative tissue with the ability to modulate its energetic metabolism according to prevailing conditions of the organism. Stress conditions such as exercise and prolonged staying at high altitude induce a fetal gene programme leading to increased carbohydrate and decreased fatty acid utilization. It seems that mitochondrial fuction and the changes in redox state of the cell play a key role in activation of various transcriptional factors, mainly HIF-1α modulating expression of numerous signalling and metabolic pathways as well as changes in structural proteins in the heart. Activation of these mechanisms results in cardioprotective phenotype which increased the tolerance of the heart to acute lack of oxygen. Understanding the mechanisms of these adaptive changes is important for the development of tools that would help reduce the effects of acute myocardial infarction in humans.
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The role of sphingosin kinase in cardioprotection
Pospíšilová, Barbora ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is bioactive mediator with cardioprotective effect. Sphingosine kinase (SK) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of S1P. It exists in the two isoforms sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine kinase 2. Although SK1 has antiapoptotic feature and SK2 has proapoptotic feature both are crucial for the effect of S1P. S1P can act and affect the cellular faith by intracellular or extracellular functioning. Extracellular S1P binds and activates specific cell surface receptors on the plasma membrane. These receptors are members of the group of G protein-coupled receptors. There are tree subtypes of S1P receptors in the heart tissue (S1P1, S1P2, S1P3). Exogenous S1P increases viability of cardiomyocytes after myocardiacal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). It also reduces the infarct size in isolated rat heart. During conditions of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or postconditioning (IPOST) which consist of the short periods of ischemia before or after major ischemia insult generate S1P. Released S1P increased viability of the cell and faster recovery of hemodynamic functions in the heart tissue. Effects of S1P and its role in cardioprotection are explored in the genetically modified organisms mainly in the mouses. The evidence of the cardioprotective effect of S1P were experiments using...
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Methods of theoretical knowledge in basic scuba diving qualification.
Kolář, David ; Vondrášek, David (advisor) ; Bažant, Filip (referee)
Title: Methods of theoretical knowledge in basic scuba diving qualification. Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is to make out a methodical steps for a teaching the theoretical lessons for the basic scuba diving qualification. Methods: Methods, used in this thesis, were compilation and consequent summarization. Information were also gained by means of the informal consultations with the scuba diving professional instructors and through my own experience from a training process and expert lectures. Results: A comprehensive material of basic steps for a teaching the theoretical part of the basic scuba diving qualification. This material is certained to the needs of the scuba diving instructors and attenders. Keywords: Scuba diving, basic scuba diving qualification, CMAS, theoretical tuition, lesson.
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Adverbial Clauses of Time with Conjunctions bis, bevor, ehe
Kolář, David ; Šemelík, Martin (advisor) ; Dovalil, Vít (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with subordinate adverbial clauses of time in German introduced by the following conjunctions: bis, bevor and ehe. The theoretical part of the thesis concentrates on the description of adverbial clauses of time in selected grammar books. The introductory chapter of this part presents how this area is dealt with in the grammar book by Gerhard Helbig and Joachim Buscha, which is considered to be a basic handbook for German as a foreign language at an advanced level. This part also describes how these clauses are dealt with in other grammar books. An emphasis is put on comparing this description with the description by Helbig and Buscha. The practical part focuses on the occurrence of adverbial clauses of time in selected sources, namely fiction, newspapers and the DeReKo corpus. The analysis focuses on clauses introduced by bevor, ehe expressing implied negation. Furthermore, the analysis deals with adverbial clauses of time with future reference in which the analysed conjunctions, i.e. bis, bevor and ehe, are interchangeable according to some of the analyzed grammar books. Key words: grammar, subordinate clauses, conjunctions, bis, bevor, ehe, empirical research
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The role of lactate shuttle in ischemic-reperfusion injury of rat heart adapted to chronic hypoxia
Kolář, David ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee)
Adaptation to hypoxia is a well-known phenomenon increasing myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury as an appropriate physical exercise which improves the contractile function of the heart. Lactate is a major energy substrate for the heart muscle during physical activity and hypoxia. The metabolism of lactate was and still is associated with muscle fatigue, but in the last decades it has been considered its significant modulating function of metabolism during exercise at cellular level and whole organism level. It has been shown that its effects might be similar to the effects of hypoxia and its oxidized form, pyruvate, has the cardioprotective effects. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of LDHA and LDHB isoforms between left and right ventricle in the cardioprotective scheme of adaptation to hypoxia. Another objective/goal was to determine the left ventricular response to I/R insult in the perfused heart model adapted to hypoxia compared with the normoxic controls on/at the expression level of both LDH isoforms. Our results showed differences in the LDHA expression in the left and right ventricle and an increased response of the left ventricle to I/R insult in rats adapted to hypoxia which is reflected at the expression level of both isoforms. Key words: heart,...
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Design of the gantry CNC milling machine with sliding table
Kolář, David ; Holub, Michal (referee) ; Pavlík, Jan (advisor)
This master’s thesis is focused on design of gantry CNC milling machine with sliding table. Thesis includes the review of components of this machines and comparsion of their options. Servo motors , ball screws and linear guides parameters are calculated. Also the suitable software and hardware for the machine control is chosen. Main parts of the machine were analysed using finite elements method. 3D model, drawings and documentation of machine build are included.
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Energetic metabolism of heart during acut and chronic hypoxia
Kolář, David ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Sotáková, Dita (referee)
The heart is a highly oxidative tissue, which far exceeds the oxygen consumption of neurons. The centre of ATP production is therefore in oxidative phosphorylation, which is contributed to by different substrates (glucose, fatty acids and lactate) depending on metabolic conditions. A high proportion of mitochondria in heart tissue carries an increased risk of reactive oxygen species development in the possible disruption of mitochondrial metabolism. Oxygen radicals are generated primarily at complex I and III of the respiratory chain of mitochondria. They may perform a signalling role allowing the heart adaptation to hypoxia, but the high concentration leads to irreversible damage /of cellular structures. This thesis considers the energy metabolism of the heart under normoxic, hypoxic and ischemic conditions, with emphasis on the glucose and fatty acids uptake, and the control of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Design of ATC System
Kolář, David ; Tůma, Jiří (referee) ; Blecha, Petr (advisor)
The first part of the thesis is focused on summarisation of commonly used conceptions of automatic tool change systems, especially focused on milling machines. Special attention is given to the issue of single tool change systems using storage tool magazines. Considering the following construction theme of the thesis, most commonly used spindle clamping units were described. With use of the gathered information was then created the construction draft of the ATC system suitable to be used with a numerically controled milling machine. Solution of the issue consists of the static structural analysis of the clamping unit using the finite element method and design of the belleville springs set. Final output of the draft comprises of drawing documentation of the main parts of the system.
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Information strategy organization
KOLÁŘ, David
The bachelor thesis deals with the development of information strategies in the selected organization. Its goal is to explain what the information strategy is, what it includes and how it is determined. The case study in the particular organization is a part of the thesis.
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