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Legal aspects of operating leisure activities in nature
Kamler, Jindřich ; Franková, Martina (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
1 Legal aspects of operating leisure activities in nature Abstract The purpose of the work was to examine the legal regulation of engaging in leisure activities in nature with the aim of assessing whether legislators have managed to adequately balance the public interest in environmental protection while also establishing a regime that does not hinder people's access to natural resources. The focus is primarily on the regime within specially protected areas and in forests. In the thesis, I emphasize the clarity of the legal framework, as it is immensely important due to the limited possibility of enforcement in the field of environmental protection. A well-informed operator of leisure activities is more likely to adhere to established rules and thus not harm nature. This is, in fact, the goal of the legal regulation, since environmental damage is often irreversible. In the thesis, I arrive at the conclusions that the legal regulation of leisure activities in nature adequately protects the environment through a wide range of mechanisms, simultaneously allowing for limitations to be set in a manner that keeps natural resources accessible. However, the legal framework is not sufficiently transparent for the average user, which could lead to their resignation from adhering to the established rules....
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Influence of recreational activities on the distribution of forest wild boar rooting
Drimaj, J. ; Balková, M. ; Špoula, J. ; Kamler, J. ; Mikulka, O. ; Plhal, R. ; Homolka, Miloslav
The wild boar is a widely distributed and locally very numerous animal. The same is true in the conditions of Central Europe. Outside the growing season, it concentrates in forests, where it also actively searches for food sources. During this activity, it disturbs the soil surface, thereby significantly affecting the dynamics of the ecosystem. From an economic point of view, it limits the natural renewal of tree species, but from an ecological point of view, it changes habitat conditions and thus helps to increase biodiversity. Factors influencing the distribution of rooting across forest stands may be different. In this paper, we focused on the human factor and its influence on the rooting activity of wild boar in the Hodonínská Dúbrava, National natural monuments.
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Cycling and its influence on animal behavior
Mikulka, O. ; Drimaj, J. ; Plhal, R. ; Homolka, Miloslav ; Kamler, J.
In terms of impact on society, cycling brings a number of benefits, including the impact on mental and physical health, reducing emissions and the economy of target areas. With the growing popularity of this sport, it also brings negative effects, especially on natural ecosystems. Few studies point to the influence of wildlife behavior. At the same time, the results are important for use in the construction of cycle paths in nature and especially protected areas. The study deals with the influence of cycling of single-track cycling trails in the forest environment, on the spatial behavior of wildlife in a suburban locality, which is very intensively visited by humans. The study partially demonstrated the interfering effect on wildlife, which was detected through the distribution of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) signs. However, the nature of the environment, which affects the intensity of interference, plays an important role. The intensity of trail traffic had a small effect. The results of the study can serve as a basis for designing cycle paths for the future.
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Influence of singletrails on wildlife distribution in the tourist attractive area of Mariánské údolí (Brno)
Drimaj, J. ; Mikulka, O. ; Kamler, J. ; Plhal, R. ; Homolka, Miloslav
The growing popularity of active movement in nature in the form of an adrenaline experience is the cause of the great expansion of singletrails. New singletrails are still being built with varying degrees of difficulty, and the density is thickening across the entire Czech Republic. This form of leisure time use is closely linked to the forest environment and the animals that occur in it. The cyclist usually moves very quickly along a narrow path through the forest and it is a question of how his disturbance will affect large mammals around the singletrails. For monitoring purposes, we selected four study areas (two with singletrails and two without singletrails) with the presence/absence of hiking paths where we observed the long-term influence of singletrails on the distribution and behaviour of common species of large mammals through animal marks. The results showed that where the roe deer was not disturbed, a balanced proportion of beds (places where the roe deer rested) and marking places (places that the roe deer marked) was recorded. However, in areas with disturbance in the form of tourists, far fewer beds were found than marking places. The presence of singletrails did not play a role in this.
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Mortality of small animals on singletrails in Marianské údolí valley (Brno, Czech Republic)
Homolka, Miloslav ; Mikulka, O. ; Kamler, J. ; Drimaj, J. ; Plhal, R.
Singletrail areas became a part of tourist business all over the world. Cycling routes usually go through the natural environment, they are used especially in the summer and therefore are quite evident that small animals are killed on them. The submitted contribution indicates what effects have the traffic on the singletrail on small animals in the deciduous forest environment (Brno, Czech Republic). During singletrail traffic insects and small vertebrates were killed. The number of cadavers of individual species was relatively small on the trails (3800 individuals of insect and 51 of vertebrates one during 3 months on the 11 km of the route) and traffic most probably does not endanger the existence of any animal species at the local population level. Mostly the common species were perished on the trails, but individuals of specially protected and endangered species were also killed there (Calosoma sycophanta, Bombus spp., Anguis fragilis, Bufo bufo) so this fact should not be overlooked and underestimated. For ethical and educational reasons, the construction of new singletrail areas should be preceded by careful research of particular area in order to map the distribution of small animals and choose the route with regard to minimizing mortality, especially endangered species of fauna.
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Settlement of the landscape with European beaver (Castor fiber) in relation to anthropogenic influences
Mikulka, O. ; Patočka, Z. ; Drimaj, J. ; Kamler, J. ; Plhal, R. ; Homolka, Miloslav
The European beaver (Castor fiber) is a protected species in the Czech Republic that has spread to the whole of Moravia. Now, it is a common species whose competitor is only human. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of human activity, especially tourism or transport, on the settlement of the landscape by the European Beaver. The area of the protected landscape area Litovelske Pomoravi was chosen to evaluate the settlement of the landscape by the beaver, where the beaver forms a stable population for a long time and the frequented cycling routes, hiking trails and the area are frequently visited by natural floodplain forests. The beaver settlement data were collected by means of the winter monitoring of residential stamps using the GPS system in 2017. Data on the location of cycle routes, hiking trails, human settlements and infrastructure were obtained from available GIS layers. Settlement of European beaver was evaluated in relation to the distance and intensity of interference by tourist activities, traffic or buildings. There were 200 km of watercourses in the monitored area. The inhabited beaver was 39% of the length. The beaver avoided human settlements, preferring the natural environment. The influence of tourism on the beaver settlement has not been proven.
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History of the Moravian branch of house Žerotín until the late Middle Ages.
Kamler, Jiří ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor) ; Žemlička, Josef (referee)
(in English): There are not many of the original Moravian noble families that have been ranked among the high nobility in history. One of them is the Žerotín family, whose origins and development until the beginning of the 15th century is devoted to the following work. The first written mention of the family comes from the end of the 12th century, when their connection to the Moravian Margrave or the Czech King, typical for the nobility, is already evident. In the 13th century, the first phase of the expansion of family possessions and the expansion of the original family of Bludovicové into two branches - jičínská, which at the beginning of the 14th century died out and the šumvaldská, which in the 14th century acquired the village of Žerotín, after which the family later wrote. Throughout the period under review, the family did not exceed the Morava region, but in several cases it managed to assert itself into the structures of the provincial administration, whether in the administration of landlords or in the judicial area, etc. The ancestors of the Žerotín family did not stand aside and their contacts with the prominent ecclesiastical and religious communities, secular representatives of Moravia, or the whole kingdom, were evident, though sometime sporadically. In the course of the 14th...
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Agonistic encounters of fallow deer (Dama dama) males during the rut
Fričová, Barbora ; Bartoš, Luděk (advisor) ; Kamler, Jiří (referee) ; Červený, Jaroslav (referee)
population density, but sex ratio might be the fundamental faotor determining effeotiveness of different mating taotios. l. ÚvoD, CÍLE PRÁCE. HL.\\.Ni \'{.SLEDKY Tři nEe uvedenépublikre se zrblr.ají ruznými speld1.řijného ohovánídaňků.v kátkosti shrnnto' cilem táo prix brlo- l' objxnit pro€s akalace střetnuti dvou samoůdaňka shrniého. podoL'čj* b1l čn c .;m1miautor1.popsán u jelena ertopského.Snažilijsme se sp€cifrko\at.|atrrotlirc falito4 ..rlir'ňu.iici pral.děpodobnost$ziokého soubojemezi dvěma soupeň. 2. zkoumat m|i samic (daněl)u setkánídvou samcůa okolnosti ovlivňujioítendenoe samio zůstatu jednoho čiode.iítk jinému daňkovi' 3- ZabýaI se speciálnístrategiíleku a poro!Írat reprodukěni upěoh danlrů hájíoioh taitorium na leku a hájících (doěasná) samostatnáteritoria neprímoumetodou. Podle dostupné literatury je střetnutí dvou samcůdaňka ov|ivněno z h|ediska samic třemi hlavními proximátními faktory: přítomností samic, ůekvenoí páření a pravděpodobnosti zaWeznuti. Abyohom otestovali týo predikoe, zkoumali jsme jak moc rozhodujíoí je přítomnost samio pro průběh saměích střetnuti' Předpoklridali jsme, že v přfromnosti samio budou samci ve|ni motivovaní hájit svojí pozici Stanovili jsme hypotézu,že přftomnost samio poblíŽ samoůry]ýšíěetnost střetnutí mezi dvěma daňky' ěetnost výskýu soubojů i vokalizace v...
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Methodology to rodent bark damage assessment on forest regeneration
Homolka, Miloslav ; Zejda, Jan ; Heroldová, Marta ; Kamler, Jiří
This methodology provides us with instructions, how to estimate extent of bark damage by gnawing caused by rodents on forest plantings based on a simple criterions. Data obtained may be used for objective assessment of rodent origin tree damage extent and its total value calculation. Exact data on tree damage can be used as a back coupling for damage prevention effectiveness. Relation between the rodent damage prevention costs and damaged area replanting costs may be retrospectively considered.
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