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Individual, social and cultural factors shaping the use of amphetamine-type stimulants in Europe
Martens, Marcus-Sebastian ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Radimecký, Josef (referee) ; Kachlík, Petr (referee)
Background: Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) encompass a varied assortment of substances that possess comparable pharmacological effects and stimulant characteristics. ATS display diversity in patterns of use among different substances and users' sociodemographic characteristics. The utilization of ATS is associated with both favorable and unfavourable outcomes. The biopsychosocial model of substance use provides a comprehensive framework for understanding ATS use. Aims: The primary objective of this study is to cultivate a thorough comprehension of the motivating factors driving individuals to initiate, cease, escalate, and/or curtail their ATS use. Material and methods: In a mixed methods approach, qualitative interviews were conducted to explore distinct groups of ATS users and one group of non-ATS users. These qualitative interviews then informed standardized quantitative computer-assisted personal interviews that utilized a range of (standard) instruments. The interviews were carried out in five European Union member states, and a minimum of five years had to elapse between the first usage of or exposure to ATS and the conducted interview. In the qualitative study arm, a total of 279 individuals were interviewed. Among them, 17% were identified as currently dependent on ATS, 20% were formerly...
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Parental substance use in connection with the occurrence of risky behavior in children aged 11-15 in the Czech Republic participating in a randomized controlled prevention trial.
Vacek, Jaroslav ; Gabrhelík, Roman (advisor) ; Charvát, Miroslav (referee) ; Kachlík, Petr (referee)
Background: Despite a slight decline in the prevalence of substance use among adolescents in last years, there is a constant need for effective, available and well-targeted preventive interventions. Children of parents with substance use experiences are considered to be more endangered. Although the quality and availability of universal prevention programs has improved, their effectiveness is not usually systematically verified, moreover, the impact on children of parents with substance use experiences is unknown. The Unplugged preventive intervention was supplemented by nPrevention booster sessions in order to support its research-proven preventive impact. Aims: The main objective was to evaluate the effect of Unplugged and nPrevention programs combination (Un+nP) after 24 months in comparison with Unplugged program (Un) alone and control in respect of the substance use experience in parents. The secondary objective was to test the reliability of anonymous self-generated identification code (SGIC) and the process of matching children's questionnaires between waves of data collection and with parents' questionnaires. Methods: A cluster randomized, controlled, 3-arm, prospective, school-based prevention trial was conducted between years 2013 and 2017 to evaluate the Unplugged (implemented in the 6th...
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Comparison of smoking patterns of different population groups - implications for interventions.
Kilibarda, Biljana ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Kachlík, Petr (referee) ; Degkwitz, Peter (referee)
Background: Smokingprevalencein Serbiaishighbothamonggeneralandvulnerable populations.Interventionsshouldbeevidencebasedandinlinewithneedsofeachpopulation group. Thehighestprevalenceofsmokingisamongvulnerablegroups,whereinterventions beyondthoseaimedatgeneralpopulationarerequired.Aims: Toanalyzeandcompare smokingprevalenceanditspatterns,exposuretotobaccosmokeandtheircorrelatesamong generalpopulationandvulnerablegroupsandtoidenitfygapsandneedsformonitoringand policy.Materialandmethods:Secondaryanalysisofdataobtainedthroughdifferentsurveys implementedin2013and2014wasconducted. Databasesfromthreegeneralpopulation surveysandsixsurveysamongselectedvulnerablegroups(prisoners, menhavingsexwith men,sexworkers,peoplelivingwithHIV,Romayouth,institutionalizedchildren)wereused. Results:Datashowhighsmokingprevalenceamongadults(34.7%)withgenderdifferences. Lowersocioeconomicstatusisthestrongestfactorassociatedwithsmokingamongadults. Smokingprevalenceisthehighestintheagegroup35-45years(47.0%).AmongSerbian youth,perceivedavailabilityandbeingtaughtinschoolabouttobaccoareimportantcorrelates ofsmoking. Morethanhalfofadultsandyouthareexposedtotobaccosmokeatvarious places.SmokingissociallyhighlyacceptableinSerbiansocietyandriskperceptionisatlow level....
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Zabezpečení webových aplikací
Pelcl, Ladislav ; Rydzi, Daniel (advisor) ; Kachlík, Petr (referee)
S rostoucí dostupností připojení k Internetu se zvyšuje využití a nasazení webových aplikací ? a s tím také počet lidí řešících problém jejich zabezpečení. Cílem této práce je poskytnout těmto lidem základní znalosti o možných způsobech zabezpečení webových aplikací včetně předností a nedostatků jednotlivých metod. Pro správnou volbu je tento základní přehled nezbytností, jelikož požadovaná úroveň bezpečnosti se aplikace od aplikace výrazně liší. Práce představuje různé metody zabezpečení webových aplikací, počínaje velmi jednoduchými metodami. Popisuje základní možností na straně klienta a dále zabezpečení na straně serveru.
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Rozhraní SOAP a RMI ? porovnání přístupu a bezpečnosti
Kachlík, Petr ; Palovský, Radomír (advisor) ; Švecová, Jarmila (referee) ; Nováček, Jan (referee)
Práce porovnává možnosti přístupu a zabezpečení dvou komunikačních rozhraní: SOAP a RMI. SOAP představuje protokol pro komunikaci v distribuovaných aplikacích (používaný ve Web Services) a práce se zabývá jeho popisem a možnostmi zabezpečení v prostředí internetu. V druhé části se práce zabývá protokolem RMI a jeho možnostmi komunikace JRMP nebo IIOP protokol a též možnostmi zabezpečení. V závěru práce je shrnutí poznatků a krátké srovnání těchto dvou přístupů ke komunikaci v distribuovaných systémech.
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