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Host specialization and species diversity in Strepsiptera of the genus Stylops
Jůzová, Kateřina ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Malenovský, Igor (referee)
The twisted-wing parasites (Strepsiptera) are entomophagous insect order with cosmopolitan distribution. There are about 600 known species up to date. In spite of this, they have very broad host spectrum. Strepsiptera parasites in seven insect groups (Thysanura, Blattodea, Mantodea, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera). The mutual relationship between genera or even between species are not known, except for the species list and the host specification. Moreover, there is an anambiguous use of their species concept. Some authors consider Strepsiptera as the specialists and they match almost every host species with one separate strepsipteran parasite. The opposite concept is to consider strepsiptera as the generalists. The presence of the crypctic species also affect our understanding of the diversity of Strepsiptera. Therefore, the knowledge of Strepsiptera phylogeny provide us the important information about species diversity of studied group as well as about their coevolution with their hosts. On the basis of molecular analyses of three genes constructed the phylogeny genus Stylops. This genus has the wider spetrum of the host species from other strepsipterans of Stylopidae, It is obvious, that strepsipterans of genus Stylops are mainly specialised on their host subgenus. There was detected two...
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Didactics of Gifted Children at Primary School
Jůzová, Kateřina ; Krčmářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Zemanová, Lenka (referee)
This master thesis aims to describe the methods, form of work and educational strategies used in teaching gifted students and to verify their effectiveness in practice though action - based teacher research. The teoretical part contains the results of czech and foreign literature research concerning the issue of gifted education. It focuses mainly on methods, forms and content of education, but also defining the basic concepts of be gifted and be talented, models of giftedness, characteristics and typologies of gifted pupils, their motivation and attitude of teacher, who plays an essential role in the education process of (not only) gifted pupils. The practical part contains the course and evaluation of action teacher research, where I will apply theoretical knowledge to primary school classes with gifted children and verify their effectiveness in practice. The research is divided into two cycles. The first cycle is focused on observing teaching. The other one cycle includes the planning, implementation and reflection of self teaching, into which the theoretical knowledge is applied. The research results showed that the most of knowledge gained in theoretical part of the thesis was verified as effective. Especially creation of own materials, choice of interesting and actual topics. Key words:...
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Black flies as parasite vectors in Europe
Filousová, Anna ; Rádrová, Jana (advisor) ; Jůzová, Kateřina (referee)
The life style of hematophagous insects is accompanied by the presence of a variety of pathogens colonizing the body parts of the vector. Blacflies as vektors transmite three important parasitic families - Onchocerca, Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma. In the world, Onchocerca and Trypanosoma are the cause of a variety of diseases, including human illnesses, and there is no contagion in Europe. The main hosts of blackflies transmitted parasites in this area are birds for Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma, and mammals such as dogs, cats, cattle and wildlife for Onchocerca. The most common species are Trypanosoma avium, Leucocytozoon toddi and Onchocerca lupi. Key words: Simuliidae, Onchocerca, Trypanosoma, Leucocytozoon, pathogenicity
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Strepsiptera and their host specialization
Jůzová, Kateřina ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Malenovský, Igor (referee) ; Pohl, Hans (referee)
Strepsiptera, as obligate parasites, have to face the constant selective pressure from their hosts. For this reason, high host specificity and many peculiar autapomorphies have developed in this group. Only a little attention has been paid to the study of phylogeny within particular families of Strepsiptera. Without knowledge of a species concept, it is difficult to estimate different evolutionary scenarios of host-parasite relationships, especially when the species concept is used inconsistently. This situation is made even more difficult by the potential presence of cryptic species or species incorrectly synonymized. Therefore, we focused to the most diversified family of Strepsiptera - family Stylopidae which parasitizing bees (Anthophila: Andrenidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Melittidae). As a model genus for our phylogenetic studies, we choose the genus Stylops Kirby, 1802 with holarctic distribution, whose representatives are parasites on bees of the genus Andrena Fabricius, 1755. Using the methods of molecular phylogeny, we created the first phylogenetic study of the genus Stylops. Following the results, we could outline the approximate boundary for species delimitation and thereby critically resolve the confusing situation in the species diversity of this genus. Then we mapped the host...
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Hormonal regulation of behavioral manipulation in insects caused by parasites
Janů, Hana ; Jůzová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Žďárek, Jan (referee)
Number of scientific publications describing how parasites alter their host's behaviour providing them successful reproduction or transmission to other hosts has significantly increased during the last few decades. In recent years, more and more researchers are not only describing changes in the host organisms, but also trying to figure out mechanisms beyond these parasitic manipulations. Parasites can manipulate the host through neural and endocrine system using neuromodulators, immunomodulators, neurotransmitters and hormones. Either increase or decrease of hormone levels may cause changes of the infected hosts development, metabolism, reproduction and behaviour. Hosts, whose behaviour is altered via hormonal pathways are mostly developmentally arrested and their feeding and locomotion is terminated. Observed behavioral changes like hole digging or termination of participation in group work in insects demonstrably increase parazite's fitness. This thesis is a summary of behavioral manipulations of insects caused by changes in hormone levels.
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Host specialization and species diversity in Strepsiptera of the genus Stylops
Jůzová, Kateřina ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Malenovský, Igor (referee)
The twisted-wing parasites (Strepsiptera) are entomophagous insect order with cosmopolitan distribution. There are about 600 known species up to date. In spite of this, they have very broad host spectrum. Strepsiptera parasites in seven insect groups (Thysanura, Blattodea, Mantodea, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera). The mutual relationship between genera or even between species are not known, except for the species list and the host specification. Moreover, there is an anambiguous use of their species concept. Some authors consider Strepsiptera as the specialists and they match almost every host species with one separate strepsipteran parasite. The opposite concept is to consider strepsiptera as the generalists. The presence of the crypctic species also affect our understanding of the diversity of Strepsiptera. Therefore, the knowledge of Strepsiptera phylogeny provide us the important information about species diversity of studied group as well as about their coevolution with their hosts. On the basis of molecular analyses of three genes constructed the phylogeny genus Stylops. This genus has the wider spetrum of the host species from other strepsipterans of Stylopidae, It is obvious, that strepsipterans of genus Stylops are mainly specialised on their host subgenus. There was detected two...
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Risks of Sick Days for small and micro business
Jůzová, Kateřina ; Pilař, Ladislav (advisor) ; Zuzana, Zuzana (referee)
This Thesis deals with the issue of the provision of sick days (days of paid medical leave). The main objective is the assessment of potential consequences of the introduction of paid medical leave for small and micro businesses.
The research part looks at paid medical leave from two angles, from the perspective of employers but also from the perspective of selected employees who already use the employee benefit of paid medical leave, so-called sick days.
Based on the data obtained from the surveys, this Thesis includes a detailed analysis of the results, which lead to the conclusion not recommending the introduction of paid medical leave. Concrete recommendations for employers are presented.
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