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The movement of existence according to Jan Patočka
Bělohlávek, Karel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Chvatík, Ivan (referee)
The thesis deals with Patočka's account of existence as a movement. Patočka aims at concretization and extension of the account of existence from Heidegger's Sežn und Zežt particulary in respect to two characteristics, which seem to have been neglected by Heidegger: corporal and intersubjective dimensions of existence. The thesis first aims at main Heidegger's inducements, that form basis of Patočka's account, and deals with Patočka/s interpretation of Aristotle's philosophy of nature, in therms of which the sense is to be understood, in that Patočkas existence really is a movement. The thirth part of the work deals with Patočka's radicalisation of the Aristotelian concept of movement. On this basis the thesis reviews Patočka's account of three movements of existence in some of his texts. The last part attempts to clarify the relation between the three movements of existence and the polarity of authenticity and nonauthenticity.
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Humanity and animality between Heidegger and Derrida
Trnka, Jaroslav ; Koubová, Alice (advisor) ; Michálek, Jiří (referee) ; Chvatík, Ivan (referee)
This work deals with the difference between man and animal in the context of the theme of time as treated by Heidegger and Derrida. The starting point of the work is the critique of early Heidegger and his characterization of animal as poor in world. This critique targets his thinking of time and possibility. As first two chapters try to show, despite his basic emphasis on time and on the possibility character of human being, Heidegger still thinks time on the basis of presence and possibility on the basis of reality. Only after taking this step can he think animal privatively as meaningless or poor - in a certain absence of time. This critique results in looking for a more consistent thinking of time and possibility as a way to a more welcoming thinking of animal. The third chapter is concerned with Derrida's objections to searching for other time and it maps the main problems connected with this project of Heidegger. The next three chapters present the main analysis of Heidegger's later thought of time. The differences between his late and early thought are emphasized as the differences between his late speech Time and Being and the early work Being and Time. Heidegger in his later works explores the unity of the three-dimensional time and bewares to think it as presence. The ground of the unity...
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Humanity and animality between Heidegger and Derrida
Trnka, Jaroslav ; Koubová, Alice (advisor) ; Michálek, Jiří (referee) ; Chvatík, Ivan (referee)
This work deals with the difference between man and animal in the context of the theme of time as treated by Heidegger and Derrida. The starting point of the work is the critique of early Heidegger and his characterization of animal as poor in world. This critique targets his thinking of time and possibility. As first two chapters try to show, despite his basic emphasis on time and on the possibility character of human being, Heidegger still thinks time on the basis of presence and possibility on the basis of reality. Only after taking this step can he think animal privatively as meaningless or poor - in a certain absence of time. This critique results in looking for a more consistent thinking of time and possibility as a way to a more welcoming thinking of animal. The third chapter is concerned with Derrida's objections to searching for other time and it maps the main problems connected with this project of Heidegger. The next three chapters present the main analysis of Heidegger's later thought of time. The differences between his late and early thought are emphasized as the differences between his late speech Time and Being and the early work Being and Time. Heidegger in his later works explores the unity of the three-dimensional time and bewares to think it as presence. The ground of the unity...
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The movement of existence according to Jan Patočka
Bělohlávek, Karel ; Chvatík, Ivan (referee) ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor)
The thesis deals with Patočka's account of existence as a movement. Patočka aims at concretization and extension of the account of existence from Heidegger's Sežn und Zežt particulary in respect to two characteristics, which seem to have been neglected by Heidegger: corporal and intersubjective dimensions of existence. The thesis first aims at main Heidegger's inducements, that form basis of Patočka's account, and deals with Patočka/s interpretation of Aristotle's philosophy of nature, in therms of which the sense is to be understood, in that Patočkas existence really is a movement. The thirth part of the work deals with Patočka's radicalisation of the Aristotelian concept of movement. On this basis the thesis reviews Patočka's account of three movements of existence in some of his texts. The last part attempts to clarify the relation between the three movements of existence and the polarity of authenticity and nonauthenticity.
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Scene of existence, language and the opennness of being. Heidegger's concept of existential spatiality - a study
Novotný, Jaroslav ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chvatík, Ivan (referee) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The purpose of the submitted thesis is to develop an explication of Heidegger's concept of existential spatiality. One of the components of this purpose is an attempt at independent interpretation of existential characteristics attained in the process and of constitutive structures of human spatiality. The primary sources used in writing my thesis are Heidegger's texts Sein und Zeit (1926), Die Grundprobleme der Phänomenologie (1927), Was ist Metaphysik? (1929), and Vom Wesen des Grundes (1929). The method applied in my thesis represents a combination of several approaches. It concentrates mainly upon interpreting Heidegger's analyses of spatiality of human existence on the basis of the above-mentioned texts. Such interpretation has, on the one hand, to correspond with the structure of the explications made in the texts; on the other hand, however, it has also to be based on one's own understanding of phenomena which are analysed in Heidegger's texts. In this respect, the submitted thesis is hermeneutic. Of course, in order to base his explication on his own understanding of phenomena, the interpreter has simultaneously to make independent analyses of relevant phenomena. Independent phenomenological analysis subsequently facilitates further interpretative development of the original explications found in...
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Vědění a neznalost v Platónově dialogu Theaitétos
Chvatík, Ivan
The paper examines what is the message of Plato's dialogue Theaitetus. It interprets the Socrates' midwifery as an allegory of Platonic dialectic; explains the hermeneutic character of the dialogue; depicts the structure of the genesis of knowledge; argues that the refutation of Protagoras' thesis "homo – mensura" turns out to be its endorsement; and shows that knowledge proper is possible only in mathematics.
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Who is Afraid of Being Smart?
Chvatík, Ivan
Although the dialogue is formally aporetical, this paper argues that Plato succeeded in grapsing – between the lines – the phronesis Charmides is looking for. However, this is not possible by means of a definition, since phronesis is neither a thing nor substantial knowledge. It seems to be a sort of self-reference, an ability to project one’s acting in unpredictable situations, to judge if something was done well or wrong, to consider what one knows and what not. Hence phronesis is the ability which precedes and makes any knowledge possible and without which nobody can act well and be happy. In this sense the phronesis of this dialogue is closely connected with the Platonic concept of the good and has much in common with the Platonic concept of human "immortality".
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Why to Go to Study with Euthydemus?
Chvatík, Ivan
The paper attempts to show that the purpose of the Euthydemus is not to ridicule the sophist’s art of disputation, but rather to point out the problems which serious philosophical dialectics encounters in the very essence of language, especially as concerns initiating others into this highest of all human activities. As the author sees it, the dialogue denies the possibility of teaching philosophy as the supreme human virtue and way to bliss, while explaining the paradoxical characteristics of such a virtue. This special virtue, i.e. human rationality (phronesis), is inherent in human beings; one cannot learn it extrinsically, but merely cultivate it as such. The author finally suggests further consideration of whether Plato’s concept of phronesis can be identified with his idea of the Good.
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