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Historical Sociology of Autism in the Czech Republic
Geisler, Michal ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Bazalová, Barbora (referee) ; Urban, David (referee)
This dissertation focuses on the development of autism in the Czech Republic from an historical-sociological perspective. The study pursues the structural processes related to autism and their impacts on individuals, as well as the roles of various agents in the shaping of these processes. The study utilises the social constructivist approach as well as the standpoints of the interpretative stream of sociology. The concept of autism was introduced in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s. It was understood as a rare psychiatric disorder and was known about by only a few professionals. Until the beginning of the 1990s, autism wasn't recognised in Czechoslovak society. Since the beginning of the 1990s new processes have emerged, resulting in the formation of a paradigm of autism - a new dominant and increasingly recognized system of values, methods, approaches and institutions, all connected to the concept of autism. The category of autism was reconceptualized in the 1990s and has started to be used more widely in Czech society. Based on the concept of autism, new institutions have emerged, such as specialized educational approaches and services, therapeutic methods, social services and NGOs etc. Discourses of autism have also started to form. This paradigm has been crucial for the social history of autism...
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Analysis of Solving Math Problems in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (and its relation to cognitive processing of students)
Sotáková, Hana ; Rendl, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pavelková, Isabella (referee) ; Bazalová, Barbora (referee)
The dissertation thesis addresses the topic of mathematical tasks processing in students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and problematic points of their solution. The aim of this work is to delineate methods that ASD students use to approach these tasks and solve them. We focus primarily on whether it is possible to identify different procedures than those used by typically developing students, and whether these procedures show specifics corresponding to distinct cognitive processes. In the theoretical part we provide a theoretical background for the study. Firstly, we create a frame to understand the complexity of autism, furthermore we deal with psychological theories examining the topic, and describe specifics of development of ASD students during their adolescence. Thereafter, we reflect on studies addressing mathematical skills of ASD students. Mathematics is considered as their great strength, however is not sufficiently scrutinized, as highlighted by various international studies (for example Oswald et al., 2016). The empiric part is based on qualitative methodology and pursues comparisons of mathematical tasks processing between six ASD students and typically developing peers. We strive to document differences and common points in solutions as well as to analyze cognitive processes of...
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Historical Sociology of Autism in the Czech Republic
Geisler, Michal ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Bazalová, Barbora (referee) ; Urban, David (referee)
This dissertation focuses on the development of autism in the Czech Republic from an historical-sociological perspective. The study pursues the structural processes related to autism and their impacts on individuals, as well as the roles of various agents in the shaping of these processes. The study utilises the social constructivist approach as well as the standpoints of the interpretative stream of sociology. The concept of autism was introduced in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s. It was understood as a rare psychiatric disorder and was known about by only a few professionals. Until the beginning of the 1990s, autism wasn't recognised in Czechoslovak society. Since the beginning of the 1990s new processes have emerged, resulting in the formation of a paradigm of autism - a new dominant and increasingly recognized system of values, methods, approaches and institutions, all connected to the concept of autism. The category of autism was reconceptualized in the 1990s and has started to be used more widely in Czech society. Based on the concept of autism, new institutions have emerged, such as specialized educational approaches and services, therapeutic methods, social services and NGOs etc. Discourses of autism have also started to form. This paradigm has been crucial for the social history of autism...
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