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Socrate's "Érótiké techné" in Faidros
Grimmich, Šimon ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor) ; Jinek, Jakub (referee)
Práce představuje, co v kontextu dialogu Faidros znamená erotické umění (erótiké techné), o kterém se Sókratés zmiňuje v palinódii (257a6-9) a které je pro něj něčím nesmírně podstatným. V první a druhé kapitole nejprve zkoumá, jak Sókratés chápe lásku (erós) a umění (techné) řeči, přičemž si všímá jejich hluboké ambivalence, kterou by měla zvládat filosofie jakožto erotické umění. Třetí kapitola se zaměřuje na vztah duše a pohybu a předkládá pojetí přirozenosti duše, sebepoznání, nesmrtelnosti a blíže zkoumá vztah duše a těla. Čtvrtá kapitola konečně po shrnutí rozumění erotickému umění, jak ho nabízejí současní badatelé, nabízí své vlastní rozumění. Erotické umění se ukázalo být filosofií samotnou, která je láskou k moudrosti a která prostřednictvím dialogu a vztahu k druhému usiluje o probouzení lásky a plození krásných řečí. Filosofie je konečně uměním, které dokáže zvládnout ambivalenci lásky úsilím o sebepoznání.
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The role of beauty in Plato's philosophy
Gál, Ota ; Hlobil, Tomáš (referee) ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor)
The final thesis aims to develop the question of beauty in Plato. To do so, it tries to gain a proper interpretative access to Plato`s dialogues in the first chapter, and concludes that as they are principally unified on the basis of the likeness of the cave, they can be separated into three structurally different groups with distinct purposes - elenctic, anabatic and katabatic. The second chapter analyzes the dialogue Hippias Major, and traces the ontological implications of its negative outcome, as well as suggestions in relation to which other notions Plato tried to develop his conception. It then analyzes the dialogue Phaedo and tries to reconstruct the basics of Plato's theory of forms, beauty being one of them. The third chapter analyzes the question of beauty in the dialogues Symposium and Phaedrus in more detail, i.e in relation to love, good, happiness, begetting, soul and speech. Beauty is said to be shining both as form and in body, and eros can thus be mistaken in the source of its excitement. Most importantly the erotic movement of the soul is described as partner. It unifies the tripartite soul, different souls, including divine ones and, to a certain extent, even the soul and corrporeality. These analyses unravel in the fourth chapter beauty as, at the same time, cause and purpose of a...
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The unity of Plato's Phaedrus
Stránecký, Michal ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee) ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor)
Plato's Phaedrus consists of three speeches about love (230e-257b) and the discussion about rhetoric (257b-279c). These two halves seem not to go together, although Socrates in the same dialogue claims, that each speech should be unified like a living creature. This work tries to solve this problem by searching for the linkage among these themes of dialogue Phaedrus: soul and its leading, cosmos, rhetoric, beauty, love and philosophy. This exploration is followed by a speculation, that Plato defends in this dialogue his own writing. The results of this speculation support this work's author's opinion, that Plato inserts the mentioned rupture into this dialogue deliberately to motivate the reader to the philosophical interpretation.
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Plato's purple shadow, or, the two Headed swimmer in the underground river
Boháček, Kryštof ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor) ; Fischerová, Sylva (referee) ; Kurzová, Helena (referee)
My dissertation is dedicated to Gorgias :from Leontini and his presence in Plato's dialogues; his influence on the development of Plato's thinking and significance for [not only] platonic philosophy. This piece consists of o ne preparatory part and the two main parts. The preparatory part firstly evaluates the ordinary input of Plato's views in Gorgias' rhetoric and subsequently gives a detailed analysis of Plato's opinion of the sophistes. It is con:fronted with the similar expression: sophistes; and Plato's partial acceptance of them. Then, of course, the dissertation identifies the typical terminology used and which corresponds very well to the teachings of such historical sophists as Protagoras. Practically, the term does not correspond with the teachings of the historical Gorgias, which does correspond to Gorgias' wish not to be counted amongst the sophists. The preparatory work concludes that there are marked differences in the image of Gorgias and the sophists from Plato's view. The fb'St part briefly recapitulates the results of my Master thesis, i.e., a reconstruction of Gorgias' philosophy ofnot-being. On the basis ofthis I shall now place a detailed interpretation of Gorgias' Helen, present a proposal for the complex reconstruction of the tragic teachings of logos, i.e. Gorgianic rhetorical...
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The principles doctrine by Philolaus of Croton and pythagoreanism in 5. cent. B.C.
Šíma, Antonín ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee) ; Karfík, Filip (advisor)
This work devotes itself to the principles doctrine by Philolaus of Croton and to the doctrine by Pythagoreans who are mentioned in Aristotle's treatises. The object of this work is to examine the principles doctrine by Philolaus of Croton and to point out what kind of principles he described and the status they had in the context of cosmological doctrines of other presocratic philosophers. The objective of this research refferies to Pythagorean principles doctrine. The fragments Philolaus of Croton constitute essential opposites to limiters and unlimiteds principles, these opposites constitute order of nature. The element of their unification is a principle of the cosmic harmony. Numbers in this principles doctrine represent particular part of cosmological investigation with their help the knowledge determinates things in the world and the cosmos as whole. The distinction of partial points of Pythagorean principles doctrine in Aristotle's reports establishes a number as an essential cosmological principle. His relationship to the principle of number to the whole cosmos and to everything in it is determined by the help of Pythagorean number combinatory, which is established on the basis of likeness between qualities of phenomenal things and a number figures. With pair elements of numbers even and odd by...
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Individual and universal soul in Plotinus
Lomozová, Petra ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee) ; Karfík, Filip (advisor)
Cílem práce bylo odhalit vztahy mezi dušemi a Intelektem a za tímto účelem jsme se zabývali otázkou jednoty všech duší, sesterství světové a individuální duše, funkcí a dalšími charakteristikami jak světové, tak individuální duše. Myšlenka pravého ... Intelektu se ukázala být velmi problematická, neboť ... individuální duše oproti duši světové a vůbec oproti tomu, co bychom v ... Otevřela se tak rozsáhlá problematika individuálních idejí, v rámci které bylo upozorněno jak na zásadní nedostatky teze o individuálních idejích, tak i na důsledky jejího odmítnutí. V ... Intelektu na jejich subjektivní stránku, která vůbec umožňuje jejich existenci, a jejich objektivníní stránku, která jejich existenci naopak nepotvrzuje.
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The Problem of human nature in the conception of pleasure in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics
Synek, Stanislav ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor) ; Karfík, Filip (referee)
The essay is trying to reveal the sources of normativity in the Aristotelian conception of pleasure, resp. in general composition of his ethic. The interpretation works mainly with the two treaties of pleasure in the books VII and X of Nicomachean Ethics, but also takes other passages into account. The two main questions are: What is pleasure? What is the good pleasure? To answer these questions the conception of human nature (Pi?Jsis) must be set forth. The essay is trying to show that pleasure itself (hédone) does not allow to establish moral normativity and therefore cannot be acknowledged to be the highest good. The possibility of the difference between "good" and "bad" pleasures appears only with reference to the "object" of pleasure (to hécfy), i.e. with a sort of "stepping out" from solely subjective feeling of pleasure (hédone) to its "objective" content (to hécfy). The normativity itself is established on a specific conception of humanity that is introduced on the key motives of human "task" (ergon) and human nature (P1!Jsis). It shows up that the most important source of normativity is godhood which is represented by reason (logos) in men. The relation between pleasure and the highest good (eudaimonia) alias the actualization (energeia) of man's life in the best way (kat' arete) is ambivalent: on...
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Aristotle on dreams
Dekarli, Martin ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee) ; Thein, Karel (advisor)
The thesis deals with the Aristotle concept oť dreams. In introduction we outline a certain tradition ol' discourse about dreams before Aristotle and put foward our main proposition - sensory perception is kind ofthe material change. Within the framework oftradition, Aristotle develops his own concept of dreams and dreaming. Dreams are something deamonic; kind of phantasma, which occurs during the sleep. They are caused by residual movements from sensory perception. Phantasia is the faculty which give rise to dreaming phantasma. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of Aristotle's notions ofthe soul and iťs capacities. Mainly we outline the description of senseory perception, phantasia, intelect, cognition and thought. The second chapter, which is for our purpose the main chapter, deals with intimate analysis of Aristotle's concepts of sleep and waking, dreams, divination from dreams and the interpretation of dreams. The sleep and waking are the opposite states of koine aisthesis. During the sleep nutritive part ofthe soul is most active (owing to heart, blood, pneuma). Ďivination from dreams come follow out from dream phantasmata. The interpretation of dreams is based upon perceiving of resemblances between dreaming phantasmata and sensual data. The conclusion summarizes the thesis sensory...
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