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Worksheets for terrain lessons of geomorphological topics in geography at higher grades of grammar schools
Lorencová, Markéta ; Křížek, Marek (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis discusses the status of fieldwork from geomorphological topics of geography on Czech grammar schools. It was necessary to place geomorphological topics in the geographical curriculum of the Czech education. The Czech Framework Education Programme for grammar schools was analysed as well as the School Education Programmes from 20 randomly picked grammar schools across the country. A constructed questionnaire was filled in by teachers of grammar school Gymnázium, Nad Štolou 1, Praha 7. Thanks to this questionnaire the implemented curriculum of geomorphological topics on this school was assessed. The most appropriate approaches and forms of fieldwork were determined by the research of literature. These approaches were applied while creating new worksheets for fieldworks from geomorphological topics. One of these worksheets as well as the fieldwork were realized with students of Gymnázium, Nad Štolou 1, Praha 7. Participating students evaluated the fieldwork through a given questionnaire. Its results were later compared and discussed with literature and Czech curricular documents. key words: fieldwork, worksheet, active forms of learning, geomorphology
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Development of fluvial lakes in the Lužnice River floodplain
Hastíková, Petra ; Šobr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Havlíková, Petra (referee)
The object of the thesis is to evaluate the development of several chosen fluvial lakes in the basin of the river Lužnice, mainly in the section between the border with Austria and Suchdol nad Lužnicí. The river Lužnice in this particular section represents low intensity of modification. Many fluvial lakes are situated there and the river is meandering remarkably in the area. The first part of the thesis deals with the characteristics of the natural conditions in the basin of Lužnice and the defined floodplain and the problematics of lakes and their determination. The main part of the thesis focuses on the evaluation of the flow development and fluvial lakes of the Lužnice floodplain based on the data of a aerosnapshoting. Because of the gradual decease of the meanders and straightening of the flows, it is possible to claim that the river has been considerably shortened with the passing time. In the thesis, 34 chosen fluvial lakes, that were measured morphometrically and batymetrically, were studied in detail.
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Runoff changes in mountain environment, case study Kyrgyz Ridge, Tian Shan
Jedličková, Šárka ; Šobr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Falátková, Kristýna (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to search available statistical methods, which can be used for tracking changes in runoff of rivers in mountain areas (but not exclusively there). One of the most commonly used methods is Mann-Kendall test. Next there is test of homogeneity of time series, which includes for example Pettitt test or Mann-Whitney test. To observe the changes we can also use different models. The thesis gives characteristics of the drainage area of the rivers Ala-Archa, Alamedina a Kara-Balta with focus on their runoff. Runoffs of their river Ala-Archa were studied in years 1928 - 2010. For river Alamedin, only years 1926 - 2010 were analyzed. And for river Kara- Balta, the time series is available only for period of 1927 - 1994. Key words: runoff, statistical methods, mountain environment, Tian Shan, glacier-snow regime
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Water losses in the Loučenský brook and Bouřlivec basins and the possibilities of their reduction during the hydrological drought
Junková, Anna ; Šobr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Janský, Bohumír (referee)
This thesis deals with the problem of water losses in the Loučenský brook and Bouřlivec basins. It was written on the basis of a project for the state enterprise Povodí Ohře, which dealt with the management of these streams. Loučenský potok and Bouřlivec are the sources of water for the Všechlapy reservoir, which provides a number of functions in the reservoir surroundings. However, the Všechlapy reservoir has been threatened by hydrological drought in recent years. For this reason, it is necessary to determine the water losses in the basin and focus on possible methods to ensure that the reservoir has sufficient water levels to maintain all of its major functions. In the first part of the thesis, the theoretical background related to the issue is explained. In the practical part of the thesis, water losses in the basin are detected mainly on the basis of longitudinal profiling of flows and recorded water withdrawals. Flow measurements were carried out on a total of 43 profiles in five different hydrological conditions with a focus on the dry season. The results show that there is a need to look for reserves in two areas. Firstly, in the management of the ponds, where it appears that a significant amount of water is being lost throughout the basins, and secondly, in the small-scale users who draw...
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Analysis of hydrological drought and trends of rainfall-runoff data in the Bouřlivec and Loučenský stream basins
Vítková, Petra ; Šobr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Matoušková, Milada (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of hydrological drought in the Bouřlivec and Loučenský stream basins, located in the northwest of the Czech Republic in the Ore Mountains. Available hydrological and climatological data series from two limnographic and four climatological stations were used to characterize the hydrological drought. The intensity of the occurrence of hydrological drought in the stream basins of interest was assessed using the method of threshold values and the method of insufficient volumes. According to the results of the work, the hydrological year 2020 was marked as extremely low in water on both monitored profiles, which points to the accumulating causes of drought from previous years. In terms of hydrological drought, the year 2018 was also significant. The diploma thesis also aims to detect trends in data series of precipitation, air temperature and inflow into the Všechlapy reservoir using the Mann-Kendall test. The results of statistical testing of the trend point to an increasing trend of air temperature and a decreasing trend of the inflow into the Všechlapy reservoir. A significant trend in the precipitation data series was not confirmed. Trend testing was preceded by an assessment of the homogeneity of the available data sets. Last but not least, emphasis is...
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Arctic sea ice variations from the point of view of the global climate change
Škopan, Viktor ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
The Arctic is one of the regions of the Earth most vulnerable to climate change. Temperatures in the Arctic have risen by more than twice the global average over the past few decades and are roughly 4 řC above the temperature at the start of the Industrial Revolution, which occurred in the late 18th century. It is highly likely that anthropogenic activity is responsible for such a dramatic change. The Arctic sea ice responds to these changes by decreasing in area, thickness, age and other parameters. The most significant decline has been recorded in the summer months, when the area of the sea ice is shrinking at an average rate of 12.8 % per decade. There has also been a significant decline in the age of sea ice. Forty years ago, sea ice older than four years accounted for 30 % of the total area covered by sea ice, whereas today such old ice accounts for only 2 %. Positive climate feedbacks are contributing significantly to the rapid warming of the Arctic and increased sea ice melt. An example is the decreasing albedo (reflectivity) of the Arctic Ocean, which reflects much less solar radiation due to the shrinking sea ice, contributing to the faster warming of the region and higher sea ice melt. Models show that the warming of the Arctic will continue in the future, and temperatures in the Arctic...
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Integration of drainage measures in stream restoration projects. Application in the catchment area of the Klíšský Brook.
Vláčilová, Klára ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with options of integration of drainage measures in stream restoration projects in rural landscape. The main aims are creation of research on the topic and creation of database of drainage systems in the area of interest, upper course of the Klíšský Brook. Partial aim is physical- geographical characreristics of the area of interest. The positive and negative effects of drainage are presented and discussed, and then adaptation measures to mitigate the harmful effects are described. The overview of drainage in the catchment is a synthesis of map data from the Register of Soil Blocks, data provided by the Ohře River Basin, drainage found in aerial photographs and field research. There are both main drainage facilities and drainage pipes in the area of interest. 10 surface canals and 7 drainages flow into the revitalized part of the Klíšský Brook. While the canals are still functional, the drainage is clogged with sediment, overgrown with vegetation and causes wetting. The results serve as a basis for the design of adaptation measures in the restoration of the Klíšský Brook. Key words: hydromelioration, drainage, rural landscape, adaptation measures, restoration, water retention
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