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Achievement motivation and time perspective pupil
Stehlíková, Lenka ; Pavelková, Isabella (advisor) ; Škaloudová, Alena (referee)
The bachelor's thesis focuses on the concept of time perspective and partly on the concept of achievement motivation of primary school students. The entire text is structured into two parts - theoretical and practical one. The emphasis is mainly put on the practical part and related research. The first part aims at the theoretical concept of achievement motivation and time perspective. The description of the concept of achievement motivation defines the achievement motivation as such, reveals its sources, differentiates between its particular types, presents theoretical assumptions maily set by Atkinson, Heckhausen and shows the diagnostic methods by which it is assessed. The second phenomenon is the time perspective to which the major attention is paid. The description of the time perspective applies the knowledge of the time perception and of the impact of the time perspective on the behaviour and presents Gjemse's concept of the orientation to future. The crucial person for this thesis is the French specialist Joseph Nuttin who deeply analyses the personality-motivational concept of time perspective theory. Moreover we should not forget about the Czech author Isabella Pavelková who also comes with the concept of perspective orientation. The second part focuses on the research conducted in...
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Anxiety in the School Task Situation in Mathematics
Neudörflová, Blanka ; Pavelková, Isabella (advisor) ; Škaloudová, Alena (referee)
Test anxiety is a phenomenon that can be commonly encountered at school. Test anxiety can be seen as a substantial non-intellectual factor affecting the quality of pupils' school work. In the literature we can find a form of fear and anxiety negatively related to school performance, however we can also find a form of anxiety that facilitates school work and results in improved performance. The thesis focuses on test anxiety and fear and examines its form among pupils in mathematics. Using the questionnaire survey in 8th grades of primary schools, we were mapping motivational situation with emphasis on test anxiety in the domain of mathematics and test anxiety before and after perfoming two mathematical tasks. We were interested in a form of test anxiety in mathematics and whether test anxiety in mathematics overlaps with the anxiety in the school task situation. We focused mainly on the evaluative situation itself. We examined the existence of several components of test anxiety (with the regard to basic distinction between emotional and cognitive dimension) with an emphasis on their links with school performance, the direction in which fear ad anxiety affect performance (facilitating, debilitating) and the links among test anxiety and other characteristics. We also pay attention to overlap of fear...
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Assessment of foreign language writing skills in the context of the European language policy. Reliability of assessment in writing using German language Maturita writing test
Novotná Knotková, Soňa ; Starý, Karel (advisor) ; Škaloudová, Alena (referee) ; Nálepová, Jana (referee)
This dissertation deals with the assessment of open-ended test items in the Writing Part of the Maturita Exam. The influence of the European language policy on Czech curricular documents and the conception of foreign language Maturita Exam is described. Writing performance requirements in the Maturita Exam are also specified. Comparison of the holistic and analytic scoring methods follows. Based on that, analytic Maturita Exam criteria and its rater scales are introduced. The dissertation then deals with the research conducted to describe and analyse the 2009-2011 training process of German language raters for writing assessment in the Maturita Exam. Rater training is evaluated and ratings are analysed on the basis of inter-rater agreement among raters and between raters and the expert rating team. The research also explorers whether the set rating procedures and scoring principles, i.e. analytic criteria, raters and the way they use the criteria, are objective, reliable and accurate. The influence of the raters' level of German language, their age and the type of school they teach at is also addressed. The research showed that the level of intra-rater agreement tends to improve throughout the rater training and a certain level of reliability is reached. The influence of age and the type of school...
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Time perspective and fear about the future of pupils
Jelínková, Kristýna ; Pavelková, Isabella (advisor) ; Škaloudová, Alena (referee)
The thesis deals with the relationship between the time perspective and the concerns of second grade elementary school students. In the theoretical part we briefly introduce the time perspective and various theoretical views on it. Furthermore, we will get acquainted with the theory of Zimbardo and Boyd, from whose theory of the time perspective we are based on and use their diagnostic tool to examine the time perspective. Then we will introduce fear, its various concepts and define it against anxiety and concerns. Subsequently, we will focus on the theory of J. A. Gray, which we have chosen to examine fear. In the empirical part of the thesis we will present our research sample, which are pupils of the 8th and 9th grade of elementary school. Our goal is to explore the relationship between the future and fear in these students, and we also want to chart the specific concerns they have, about the future. We used both quantitative and qualitative methods to examine our goal. Quantitative methods include the Swedish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) and the BIS / BAS questionnaire. Qualitative methods include open-ended questions, which we want to use to chart the specific concerns of the students and it will also help us to illustrate the results from the quantitative...
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Boredom and Motivation to Learn
Koderová, Hedvika ; Pavelková, Isabella (advisor) ; Škaloudová, Alena (referee)
Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na téma nudy a motivace k učení. Jejím cílem je zmapování žákovské motivace k učení v souvislosti s nudou a flow zažívané ve škole. V teoretické části jsou přiblíženy základní oblasti poskytující teoretická východiska práce. Jejím obsahem je zejména nuda, motivace k učení a flow. V empirické části je vyhodnocen kvantitativní výzkum provedený mezi žáky gymnázia všeobecného zaměření. Využita jsou dotazníková šetření zaměřená na rysovou a situační nudu (BPS a MSBS), motivaci k učení a flow. Součástí výzkumu je rovněž malá kvantitativní sonda zjišťující deskripci nudných situací v hodinách matematiky. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA nuda, motivace k učení, flow motivace, strach
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Boredom Coping strategies
Urbanová, Denisa ; Pavelková, Isabella (advisor) ; Škaloudová, Alena (referee)
The thesis concerns the effectiveness of different types of boredom coping strategies and examines the relationship between them and some of the motivational, attitudinal and volitional characteristics in high school students. In the theoretical part current state of knowledge in the field of boredom and boredom coping including diagnostic possibilites in educational context are discussed. The major part is dedicated to the presentation of current theoretical and empirical conceptions of boredom coping that are relevant to the school context, especially the assuumptions of Nett, Goetz and Daniels. Next, the concept of motivational structure at school and implicit theory of good subject instruction (Hrabal, Pavelkova) and the theory of volition (Kuhl, Fuhrmann) are presented. In empirical part, quantitative methodology is used at various levels of analysis to examine the relationships between different boredom coping strategies and various boredom aspects on one hand and some of the motivational, attitudinal and volitional characterstics on the other hand. The study captures specific individual constellations of boredom coping that are illustrated by casuistic examples and directions for future research are outlined.
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Cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimension of test anxiety in school task situations in mathematics
Neudörflová, Blanka ; Pavelková, Isabella (advisor) ; Škaloudová, Alena (referee)
Test anxiety is a phenomenon that can be commonly encountered at school. Test anxiety can be seen as a substantial non-intellectual factor affecting the quality of pupils' school work. In the literature we can find a form of fear and anxiety negatively related to school performance, however we can also find a form of anxiety that facilitates school work and results in improved performance. The thesis focuses on test anxiety and fear and examines its form among pupils in mathematics. Using the questionnaire survey in 8th grades of primary schools, we were mapping motivational situation with emphasis on test anxiety in the domain of mathematics and test anxiety before and after perfoming two mathematical tasks. We were interested in a form of test anxiety in mathematics and whether test anxiety in mathematics overlaps with the anxiety in the school task situation. We focused mainly on the evaluative situation itself. We examined the existence of several components of test anxiety (with the regard to basic distinction between emotional and cognitive dimension) with an emphasis on their links with school performance, the direction in which fear ad anxiety affect performance (facilitating, debilitating) and the links among test anxiety and other characteristics. We also pay attention to overlap of fear...
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Scene memorability and change salience: memory-perception relationship
Ptáčková, Barbora ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Škaloudová, Alena (referee)
In the thesis, I focus on the relationship between visual memory and the ability to detect changes in photographs. In the theoretical part I introduce the change detection and "change blindness" phenomenon. Next, this work explores visual memory and refers to studies that focused on visual long-term memory and its role in change detection. The objective of the empirical part of this thesis is to map the relation between visual memory (scene memorability) and change detection illustrated on the ability to recognize changes in photographs of indoor and outdoor scenes. Research was conducted by means of an experiment devised in PsychoPy using flicker paradigm. The research sample comprised 42 respondents, mainly university students. Research results did not confirm the existence of a relation between visual memory and change detection. No correspondence was found between these variables, not even at the level of each category, suggesting that change detection depends on other factors than visual long-term memory. KEYWORDS: Change blindness, visual long-term memory, change detection, memorability, perception, experiment
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Assessment of foreign language writing skills in the context of the European language policy. Reliability of assessment in writing using German language Maturita writing test
Novotná Knotková, Soňa ; Starý, Karel (advisor) ; Škaloudová, Alena (referee) ; Nálepová, Jana (referee)
This dissertation deals with the assessment of open-ended test items in the Writing Part of the Maturita Exam. The influence of the European language policy on Czech curricular documents and the conception of foreign language Maturita Exam is described. Writing performance requirements in the Maturita Exam are also specified. Comparison of the holistic and analytic scoring methods follows. Based on that, analytic Maturita Exam criteria and its rater scales are introduced. The dissertation then deals with the research conducted to describe and analyse the 2009-2011 training process of German language raters for writing assessment in the Maturita Exam. Rater training is evaluated and ratings are analysed on the basis of inter-rater agreement among raters and between raters and the expert rating team. The research also explorers whether the set rating procedures and scoring principles, i.e. analytic criteria, raters and the way they use the criteria, are objective, reliable and accurate. The influence of the raters' level of German language, their age and the type of school they teach at is also addressed. The research showed that the level of intra-rater agreement tends to improve throughout the rater training and a certain level of reliability is reached. The influence of age and the type of school...
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