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Optimalizace nákladů na ochranu životního prostředí
CENIA, česká informační agentura životního prostředí, Praha ; Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, Fakulta národohospodářská, Katedra životního prostředí, Praha ; Zámyslický, Pavel ; Vaněček, Vojtěch ; Urbanová, Tereza ; Prchal, Jaroslav ; Kovář, Jaromír ; Klusák, Jaroslav ; Hadrabová, Alena ; Geuss, Erik ; Fiala, Petr ; Dvořák, Antonín ; Bartoš, Julie ; Šauer, Petr
Studie obsahuje závěry z řešení projektu v roce 2004. Projekt byl rozdělen do 6 částí: 1: Zkoumání alternativního pojetí nákladů na ochranu ŽP v teorii environmentální ekonomie; 2. Zkoumání alternativního pojetí nákladů na ochranu ŽP v praxi ČR i zahraničí (analýza používaných metodik); 3. K problému rozlišení hrubých a čistých nákladů (resp. investic) na ochranu ŽP a jeho význam pro politiku životního prostředí; 4. Zkoumání (analýza) stávajících konceptů vztahů výdajů/nákladů na ochranu ŽP a udržitelného rozvoje; 5. Makroekonomické souvislosti alokace ekonomických nástrojů na ochranu ŽP; 6. Systémy financování nákladů na ochranu životního prostředí.
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Optimalizace nákladů na ochranu životního prostředí
CENIA, česká informační agentura životního prostředí, Praha ; Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, Fakulta národohospodářská, Katedra životního prostředí, Praha ; Šauer, Petr
Sborník obsahuje příspěvky: Náklady na ochranu životního prostředí na mikroekonomické úrovni, Trendy výdajů na ochranu životního prostředí v České republice, Veřejné výdaje do ochrany životního prostředí v České republice, Ke kvantitativním metodám a modelům vhodným pro optimalizaci nákladů na ochranu životního prostředí, Alternativní pohledy na optimalizaci a efektivnost veřejných výdajů na ochranu životního prostředí, Optimalizace veřejné podpory na příkladu obnovitelných zdrojů energie dle zákona č. 180/2005 Sb., Stimulace spotřebitelů a domácnosti k ochraně životního prostředí, Dotazníkové šetření návštěvníků Jizerských hor v letním období 2005, Hlavní poznatky z případových studií "Třeboňsko" a "Jizerské hory", Reintrodukce sokolích dravců v ČR a zahraničí.
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Vytvoření podmínek pro efektivnější využívání ekonomických nástrojů: Podklady pro aplikaci ekonomických nástrojů (poplatků). Hodnocení efektivnosti poplatků v ochraně ovzduší. Hodnocení efektivnosti poplatků v odpadovém hospodářství
CENIA, česká informační agentura životního prostředí, Praha ; Hadrabová, Alena ; Kreuz, Jaroslav ; Šauer, Petr ; Prášek, Jan
Projekt se zabýval vytvořením prostředí, ve kterém by bylo možné sbírat, analyzovat a vyhodnocovat informace o ekonomických nástrojích. Stěžejními výstupy jsou: databáze ekonomických nástrojů zemí EU a její hodnocení, elektronický systém evidence poplatků a hodnocení jeho efektivnosti, metodika pro analýzu dopadů poplatků na životní prostředí a vlastní analýza funkce poplatků a přechodu od poplatků k daním. Hlavní obsah sdělení je uveden v přílohách.
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Impact of taxation of electricity, natural gas and solid fuels on sectors of NACE in the Czech Republic
Zimmermannová, Jarmila ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šauer, Petr (referee) ; Hájek, Miroslav (referee)
The main target of the thesis is analysing of short-term indirect cross-sectoral impacts of taxation of electricity, solid fuels and natural gas on particular sectors of NACE in the Czech Republic, especially impacts on production prices. The key instrument for the analysis is the short-term price model for the Czech Republic, created as a component of the thesis. A secondary target is focused on the analysis of direct impacts, especially impacts on prices and expenditures of particular sectors of NACE. Within the scope of the main target, there are five different variants of taxation. For each of them the impact of taxation of particular commodities on changes in production prices of particular sectors of NACE is simulated. Than two different variants, both of them including taxation of all commodities, are compared. The thesis includes also two hypotheses, which are going to be confirmed or disproved on the basis of obtained results. For achieving the main target the methodology of Leontief input -- output analysis was chosen (Leontief, 1966). This is the key instrument for creating short-term price model for the Czech Republic. This method is suitable especially for analysing short-term cross-sectoral impacts, however under necessary condition of no changes in current technologies, agreements and cross-sectoral relations. This condition represents strict limitation for the price model created for the thesis. Regarding scientific contribution, the main asset of this thesis is creation of macroeconomic short-term price model for the Czech Republic, which is based on methodology of Leontief input -- output analysis. The additional contribution is calculation of the short-term impacts of new environmental taxation on production prices of particular sectors of NACE. Considering available information, environmental taxes in the Czech Republic have not been analysed by Leontief input - output methodology yet. There is not also sufficient analysis of environmental taxes impacts on particular sectors of NACE in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided to seven chapters. The first chapter focuses on introduction to environmental tax regulation issue. The second chapter presents theories and concepts of taxation impact analysis. The third chapter focuses on models and empirical research in environmental taxation area. The fourth chapter is dealing with basic practical aspects of introduction of new energy taxation in the Czech republic and presents data useful for the following analysis. The fifth chapter consists of describing of applied methodology and describing of creation of the price model. The sixth chapter summarises results of simulation of direct impact of taxation on average prices for companies and on expenditures of particular sectors of NACE. The seventh chapter presents results of cross-sectoral analysis of indirect macroeconomic impacts for all variants; the chapter includes also testing of hypotheses and comments of final results.
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Environmentální politika
Lisa, Aleš ; Prorok, Vladimír (advisor) ; Šauer, Petr (referee) ; Janíčko, Pavel (referee) ; Pecka, Emanuel (referee)
The major focus of this thesis is to discuss the development and current level of the concept of environmental politics in terms of its potential to serve as a general concept for the theoretical understanding of the relationship between man and his natural environment and of its dynamics. To the end the thesis, using a broad literature review, sets the major stages of the development of society focused on the exploitation of natural resources, the protection of nature, and the benefits of natural services, and on ways in which modern societies responded to negatively evaluated impacts of these activities. This serves as a base for analysis and better understanding ofthe development of a key concept of current environmental policy, the concept of sustainable development, the development and current state of the social sciences in terms of environmental issues, as well as their major focus in this area, the current debate over structure and power of environmental goals in modern societies, as well as the issues of effectiveness and integration of governmental environmental policies.
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Construction efficiency of low-energy residential buildings
Zgúthová, Katarína ; Šauer, Petr (advisor) ; Dvořák, Antonín (referee)
Construction of low-energy residential buildings (i.e. houses with low energy demand) in the Czech Republic is not as common as in other countries in the region. This thesis examines the reasons for such development and whether or which obstacles potential buyers face. The analysis of the economic choice between "regular" house and a low-energy building will be primarily based on comparison of basic parameters of both types of constructions. Data for this research will be taken from commercial developers. Quality analysis in the form of detailed interviews with developers, architects and potential buyers will follow. The last section of this thesis will deal with the approach of Czech media towards low-energy development. Presentation of this issue to the public will be examined by the frequency and content of reports.
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Integrated Pollutant Transfer Register - the positive and negative aspects of the czech legal regulation
Andrlová, Kristýna ; Geuss, Erik (advisor) ; Šauer, Petr (referee)
The aim of the presented bachelor thesis is to provide a systematic insight into the system of Integrated Pollutant Emission Register as a czech version of Pollutant Emission Registers. The main purpose od the thesis is to answer the question who is the real beneficiary of such a source of information and whether our specific legal provisions have a rather positive or negative effect towards both its users and obliged enterpreneurs. Does it bring more good or bad and does it cost a lot or not? By means of description and analysis of its current legal status, the thesis first seeks to depict its legal development, position in international context as well as its nature and function. The second part of the thesis is devoted to research work, which was undertaken by means of questionnaire addressed to obliged businesses. The questionnaire was divided into three separate parts and its main purpose was to analyse the changes emerging from the new legislation and their financial consequences, taken from the responses of directly involved subjects. At the end, the thesis summarises conclusions from both its theoretical and practical part in order to answer the questions mentioned above and suggest a few possibilities for the future development of the czech system. The bachelor thesis is written in Czech language.
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Comparison of Nuclear Energy Policy in the Czech Republic and France
Loiseau, Jean-Camille ; Šauer, Petr (advisor) ; Dvořák, Antonín (referee)
This paper studies the nuclear technology and evaluates the most likely technical developments to come until 2030. It examines the features of Czech and French nuclear programs, compares the structures of nuclear sectors and estimates the advantages & drawbacks of further developments in both countries. The paper assesses if certain developments of the nuclear sector in one country can be used in the other country and vice-versa. Finally, proposes a set of recommendations for both countries regarding the development of their nuclear program.
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Environmental Kuznets Curve in Czech Republic: Application in the Case of Air Pollution
Mádr, Marek ; Šauer, Petr (advisor) ; Dvořák, Antonín (referee)
This thesis addresses the subject of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). EKC is a model expressing the relationship of economic development and environmental damage. The chosen topic is relevant in connection with ongoing discussions relating to global warming and the impact of human activity on this phenomenon. The concept would give us many clues to the future development of pollution not only in developing countries. The paper examines whether research into the relationship of economic development the country and harming the environment makes sense. The paper also seeks to contribute to confirm or refute the concept of the EKC for specific situations. Specifically, the EKC model validation for selected indicators of environmental pollution in the Czech Republic. The main methods of work are research of literature and empirical analysis. Searches of papers and other publications relating to the concept of EKC is shown in the first part. The second part is devoted to empirical testing EKC for various pollutants in the Example of the Czech Republic. Main result of a literature research is that empirical validation of EKC model makes sense. The work with results of those researches has to be very careful. Main output of own research is verifying the validity of EKC model for selected air pollutants in Czech Republic.
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