|
Alien species of plants and biotic resistence of invaded communities
Kubátová, Michaela ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Michaela Kubátová Alien species of plants and biotic resistence of invaded communities This study is about problems and questions of alien plants and their relation to native communities in their new range. Ecologists are increasingly aware that soil organisms may affect plant communities because they are part of the processes that affect them. The soil organisms may affect the success of alien species invasion. Each species of plants differ in interaction with soil organisms, these interactions can result in specific feedback that will influence the future growth of other plants. According to Darwin's naturalization hypothesis related species should have similar enemies. This implies less successful invasion of alien plants at home with relatives. The practical part consists of two experiments. Using plant-soil feedback I studied under controlled conditions the importance of kinship of native plants and their soil organisms on the growth of three species of alien plants Impatiens, Parviflora, Stenactis annua and Epilobium ciliatum. There were used soil samples from localities with related and unrelated species; the soil was used as inoculums for growing first-generation plants, where there were original related, unrelated and alien plants. In the second phase only alien species were grown. Part of...
|
|
The effect of soil successional development in spoil heap on plant germination and growth
Pavlíčková, Hana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Previous field research show, that late successional species correspond with soil development, especially with organomineral A horizon developing. Aim of my thesis was to compare plant growth on different types of soil from spoil heaps. They were taken from three chronosequencies of different age - nonrecultivated and soils recultivated with planting of alder (Alnus) and spruce (Picea). In my research were used 7 types of plants - Arrhenatherum elatius, Centaureae jacea, Festuca rubra, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago major, Trifolium medium. Spontaneous sites support more species than reclaimed ones this difference increase with plot age without distinct difference between early and late succession species. Key words Succession, recultivation, germination alder (Alnus), spruce (Picea), Arrhenatherum, Centaureae, Festuca, Lychnis, Lotus, Plantago, Trifolium.
|
|
Growth, development and selected demographic data of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) living in captivity with the extension of a topic into biology didactics and laboratory work in biology
Hniličková, Tereza ; Vančata, Václav (referee) ; Přívratský, Vladimír (referee)
The growth, development and selected demographic data of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) living in captivity with the extension of a topic into biology didactics and laboratory work in biology. Rigorous thesis deals with the generational differences in growth, weight, height and sitting height of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) bred in captivity n the primate centre in Konárovice in the Czech republic and in the primate centre in Soci, Russia. It also focuses on the seasonality of birth months and sex ratio of individuals born in different generations. The theoretical part contains the basic information about the rhesus and the history of primate researches. The longitudinal and demographic data are elaborated in the practical part of the dissertation. The last part is didactic and presents rhesus macaque as a model species of catharrina primate and provides basic data about primates suitable for education at elementary and secondary schools. The practical part of didactic deals with the use somatometry as topic in biology didactics and laboratory work in biology focusing on cross-curricular links. Keywords: rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), longitudinal studies, somatometry, seasonality, demographics, didactic of the primates, laboratory work of somatometry
|
|
The wood plants in the mown meadow: the analysis of morphology, age, growth and surviving of woody plants on species-rich meadows in the White Carpathian. Bc. Thesis, in Czech.
MAZŮREK, Petr
This study deals with the presence of woody species in species-rich, savanna-like meadows (with scattered Quercus spp. trees) in National Nature Reserve of Čertoryje, Bílé Karpaty Mts., SE Czech Republic. The first part is a community-oriented study of variation of woody species composition on meadows with different land-use management (regularly mown, recultivated,abandoned etc.). Indirect ordination analysis (DCA) was used to relate woody species composition to land-use history (seven meadow types) and species composition of the surrounding vegetation. Further, attempts were made to explain the occurrence and survival of woody species by their life-history traits (root:shoot ratio, regeneration ability after mowing etc). The second part of the thesis tries to identify the most prominent climatic factors affecting the growth of two common oak species in Čertoryje (1) by establishing the mean relationships between tree ring residual chronology and climate through bootstrap moving correlation and response-function analysis, and (2) by distinguishing ``pointer years{\crqq}, which correspond to abrupt changes in growth pattern and reveal the tree-growth response to extreme climatic events, such as summer drought. Since the oaks are ring porous species with abrupt transition between earlywood and latewood, both parameters were measured and used to obtain subseasonal climatic information.
|
|
Ecological requirements of the critically endangered species \kur{Sedum villosum}
PRŮŠOVÁ, Monika
Hairy stonecrop (Sedum villosum) belongs to the group of plants that are endangered by real risk of extinction. If appropriate measures are not soon undertaken, it may disappear from the territory of the Czech republic. Preparation of an action plan should be a prerequisite for undertaking such measures. The aim of this diploma thesis was to verify ecological demands of this critically endangered species. I tested the effects of soil acidity and shading on seed germination and growth of hairy stonecrop plants in experimental conditions.
|
|
Suppressive efect of knotweed and other selected plant species on the germination and foliar necrosis
Šerá, Božena ; Plachká, E. ; Vrchotová, Naděžda
Selected plant species Reynoutria sachalinensis, Carum carvi, Sophora japonica and Impatiens glandulifera was used for testing the toxic effects on the model species of white mustard (Leucosinapis album) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Two types of test were used. First, the growth of seeds was tested on the model species in the soil mixed with the various aboveground parts of selected plants. Second, leaves of the model plants were treated with extracts from selected plant species and with the pathogen of Leptosphaeria maculans isolate. The reaction to the impact of selected plant species in the soil substrate was analogue in both of white mustard and oilseed rape. Greater phytotoxicity was recorded for the leaves of Reynoutria sachalinensis and the fruits of Carum carvi. Small phytotoxicity was relatively low when the substrate with the tree bark of Sophora japonica was used.
|
|
Competition between spruce seedlings and herbs
Michalová, Zuzana ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
My point was to write about the conditions (mainly biotic) for germination and growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies). It is a literature research for my graduation theses. I found out, that the growth and survival of spruce seedlings is affected by a combination of biotic, abiotic and site conditions. The main abiotic factors are sufficient light and moisture availability, grain class, thickness and quality of humus, susceptible mineral nutrition, steady temperature conditions, thickness of snow cover and occurance of late frosts. I foccused on the growthe of spruce seedlings in vegetation cover, what was the main point of my study. It is because the succes of survival and growth of spruce depends primary on the surrounding, where seeds get after dispersion. Grass-species (for instance, Deschampsia flexuosa, Calamagrostis sp.) inhibited the growth by water and nitrogen uptake, as well as inappropriate temperature and light conditions. Litter also hindered natural regeneration in growth. Some mosses helped young spurces because of steady temperature and moisture regime, but some had too thick rhisosphere, and did not allow them to reach the mineral soil. Shrubs protected seedlings by preventing them from competition with graminoids, but were of no importance for seed protection. Herb layer, but not...
|
|
Influence of understory light on diversity and composition of forest vegetation in the České Středohoří Mts.
Macek, Martin ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Tomáš (referee)
Light is essential component of forest ecosystem, as limited light availability in forest-floor restricts herb and tree seedlings growth. Importance of light availability for maintaining plant species diversity and community structure wasn't sufficiently evaluated in the Czech Republic. This study focus on the ecological relevance of light availability on both landscape and local scale. Relationship of light to cover, diversity and species composition was quantified in the thesis. Dominant tree species affected light availability and its spatial variability. Light availability was along the soil reaction and slope most influential factor for large-scale species diversity. Within-site light variability affected plant diversity more than soil reaction variability. Measuring light by means of hemispherical photography seems to be an appropriate for studies like this. Light availability influnence on community compostition is weak in comparison with other environmental gradients.
|
|
Adaptation of the orchid Macodes petola to shading
SYCHROVÁ, Jana
The orchid Macodes petola grows terrestrially on Sumatra, Java, in Malaysia and on Philippines on the floor of tropical rainforests. The orchid species demands great shadow. The work in focused on the adaptation of the orchid Macodes petola to shading. The aim of the work was to compare the growth rate of plants grown in controlled laboratory conditions at different irradiance. It was found out that Macodes petola is able to grow well at irradiance of 5 {$\mu$}mol.m-2.s-1 (270 lux), which means relative irradiance of 0,2 %.
|
| |
guest ::
