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Ecohydrological survey of river habitat quality - application to study area of the Zbytinsky brook catchment
Bímová, Tereza ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Tátosová, Jolana (referee)
Eco-hydrology represents a new approach to managing and protection of water bodies. Creates a new option of protection, revitalization and use rivers. Essential components in assessing the quality of streams are biological, hydromorphological and physical-chemical elements. This study is mainly focused on the review of the ecohydrological research in the upper Blanice river basin. Introduction is short overview of the current valid legislation of the European Union and the Czech Republic which creates a basic framework for assessing the ecological quality of streams. The aim is to summarize existing knowledge and assessment of surface water quality in terms of chemistry based on available data. The territories concerned are catchments of Zbytinský stream and Tetřívčí stream.
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The effect of the blue light on the human body
Dvořák, Petr ; Krbal, Michal (referee) ; Štěpánek, Jaroslav (advisor)
This thesis explains the term „blue light“. It deals with the sources of blue light and the effects of this type of electromagnetic radiance on human body. The focus is concentrate especially on problems, which are evocated of blue light. The biggest danger is the desynchronization of circadian rhythm and photochemical damage of retina – photoretinitis („blue light hazard“). The basic principles of biological processes and the visual system are described here. These processes are controlled by properties of incident light onto the retina of eye. The basic information about artificial sources of blue light commonly used in households and in industry are mentioned in the second half of work. These light sources were measured and elaborated. The electromagnetic spectrums of sources are portrayed and there is a comparison of sources due circadian effect too.
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Donepezil ? biological activity nad evaluation of its efficiency.
Drábková, Markéta ; Pourová, Jana (referee) ; Herink, Josef (advisor)
1 Summary Title: Donepezil - biological activity and evaluation of its efficiency Author: Markéta Drábková Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc. Department: Department of biological and medicinal sciences Cognitive enhancers are drugs which preferentially affect cholinergic transmission in the central nervous system. The cholinergic system in the brain is the most seriously damaged neurotransmitter system in Alzheimer, s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Donepezil is a new cognitive enhancer whose mechanism of action consists of reversible specific inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Donepezil increases the amount of acetylcholine available for neuron-to-neuron communication, which may relieve some memory impairment and thus prolonging of patients' self-support. Present thesis classifies cognitive enhancers, it especially describes the mechanism of action and effect of donepezil and its therapeutical usage. The principal aim of my work was to assess and evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of donepezil from chosen clinical studies in the years 2003- 2009. The results support the conclusion that donepezil is safe and effective for long-term treatment of patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment and multiple sclerosis. In...
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Adipose tissue and its role in development of insulin resistance and systemic inflammatory reaction
Roubíček, Tomáš ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Stárka, Luboslav (referee) ; Housa, Daniel (referee)
Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are tightly interconnected pathophysiological conditions that increase the risk for development of cardiovascular diseases. Our current knowledge indicates that one of important reasons leading to the development of insulin resistance could lies in a dysfunction of adipose tissue with subsequent ectopic lipids accumulation in muscles and liver. Adipose tissue represents the main body storage site of energy. Furthermore, adipose tissue is also an active endocrine organ producing numerous biologically active molecules, e.g. cytokines, proinflammatory or to a lesser degree anti-inflammatory factors or components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Some of the components of the local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system produced by the adipose tissue can directly induce local insulin resistance within the adipose tissue. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are also common in critically ill patients and exaggeration of insulin resistance in these patients is accompanied by increased morbidity and mortality. Our previous study has demonstrated that adipose tissue plays an important role in the development of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in critically ill patients by production of numerous proinflammatory cytokines. First part of this dissertation thesis is...
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Topical issues of parental responsibility
Marková, Adéla ; Radvanová, Senta (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
61 English summary: My dissertation is called Actual questions about execution of parental responsibility. I've chosen an individual theme, because I'm interested in it. Family has a leading part in every society, it's a basic social unit and stone of people's company on all over the world. Family law is a part of civil law in which we can find most principles of family law. Family law may be defined as body of law which attemps to regulate the internal relationships within the family and the relationship of the family to the outside world.52 Family is a group of people connected by a close relationship, which means by blood, marriage or adoption. My dissertation is composed of five chapters. First is devoted to family and her protection, second to subjects of parental responsibility, third to rights and duties created the parental responsibility, fourth to government's intervation and fifth to international child kidnapping. Basic subjects of parental responsibility are automatically biological parents, mother and father, but this is not an unexceptional rule. We can find many other subjects: for example custodian, fosterer or adoptive parents. Having parental responsibility means for them assuming all the rights, duties, powers, responsibilities and authority that a parent of a child has by law. Parental...
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Bioethics I - Nanotechnology in the biomedicíně.
Váchová, Olga ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Kottová, Martina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biological and biomedicinal sciences Olga Váchová Supervisor: PhDr. Zdeňka Kudláčková, PhD. Title of diploma tehesis: Bioethics I - Nanotechnology in the biomedicine Background: Create basic summary of ethical theories and bioethics principles. Compile summary of used and investigated nanotechnology applications - particularly their influence on human health and living environment. Furthermore, chart contemporary research and practical nanotechnology use regulation state. Main findings: Nanotechnology is presently one of the fastest developing technologies. Many authors think, that it is a significant breakthrough for society, similar to discovery of steam or electronics in recent history. Usage of nanotechnology is able to considerably extend society potential in material engineering, electronics, optics and particularly in medicine and pharmacy. We can imagine treatment of cancer without side effects of chemotherapy, more sensitive examination methods, durable a biocompatible implants or nanobots monitoring biology functions of human body. Many products and production materials based on nanoparticles or nanotechnology have been commercially exploited until today. Despite of wider and wider applications in daily life,...
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Occupational Diseases in the Czech Republic
Baciak, David ; Hrnčíř, Evžen (advisor)
Occupational Diseases (NzP) are diseases whose definitions is defined by current legislation. The definition is based on Law No. 65/1965 Coll. Labour Code, as amended, Act No. 155/1995 Coll. pension Insurance, and Government Regulation No. 290/1995 Coll.establishing list of occupational diseases, divided into 6 chapters (see Annex No. 1). I Occupational diseases caused by chemicals II Occupational diseases caused by physical factors III Occupational diseases of the respiratory tract, lungs, pleura and peritoneum IV of occupational skin disease In Infectious and parasitic illnesses VI Occupational diseases caused by other factors and actors Each chapter represents a group of professional disease, which is either a common etiological factor (chemical, physical or biological, that is infectious noxa) or disability such a body, which is particularly exposed to influences work environment (skin, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system). Each chapter is then further divided into different number of items that represent nosologickou unit or group of related or diseases include diseases caused by the same etiological noxou professional.
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Versatile use of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry in drug metabolism studies
Suchanová, Bohumila ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Solich, Petr (referee) ; Lemr, Karel (referee)
Human organism has always been exposed to a vast array of chemicals encountered in the environment. Chemical revolution has significantly influenced biological evolution of humans leading to serious unpredictable toxicities. In response to continual chemical stress they have developed a variety of enzymes to transform these xenobiotics. Xenobiotics are mostly highly lipophilic and cannot readily be excreted from the body without metabolism to more hydrophilic, water-soluble metabolites. Not only environmental chemicals represent xenobiotics but also drugs, dietary components etc. Biotransformation studies play an important role in the drug discovery and development process. Usually data from drug metabolism is required before a new substance can advance towards the development stages of a new therapeutic agent. Data on metabolism is frequently used to optimize drug candidates, suggest more active compounds or support toxicology studies. The increased flux of new chemical entities into drug discovery has placed an increased need for fast and reliable information on the metabolism of these substances. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry can meet demands for rapid drugs and metabolites analysis imposed by modern drug discovery strategies. This dissertation thesis presents an evidence...
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Tracking of axonal bundles in diffusion MRI brain images
Piskořová, Zuzana ; Vojtíšek, Lubomír (referee) ; Labounek, René (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to design tracking algorithm which will be able to track white matter bundles in diffusion MRI data, this problem is called tractography. Tractography is feasible because specific profile of diffusion appears in white matter. The introduction to the topic includes summary of methods for estimation of diffusion profile and basic tracking algorithms. In this work diffusion tensor model (DTI) was used for estimation of diffusion profile. Based on the DTI, vector field characterizing direction of diffusion for every voxel was created. Combining vector field with seedpoint, we achieved task solvable by Euler or Runge-Kutta method. Termination criteria were established for maximum curvature of trajectory and minimum value of fractional anisotropy (FA). Algorithm was tested on mathematical and tractographical phantom before it was used on real biological data. The results of tracking on phantoms proved the funcionality of the algorithm. Expected error appeared in areas of crossing fibers, it is related to DTI model limitations. To solve problematic fibers characterized by seedpoint near the border of the fiber, FA-weighted trilinear interpolation was designed. Implementation of this algorithm, however, did not cause better results. The results of tracking on the real data were controversial. Tracking was performed on 5 healthy subjects and 4 anatomicaly specific tracts. The results were compared with tractographic atlas.
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Physical exercises in the correct combination of breathing, relaxation and their influence on personality and health of women.
ŠTĚPÁNOVÁ, Kristina
This thesis deals with the physical exercises in the correct combination of breathing, relaxation and their influence on the personality and health of women. Aim of this work is the analysis of female character, linking the physical, social and mental health of women and the preparation and verification of benefits yoga intervention program. The beginning of the theoretical part is focused on physiological factors, hormonal and psychological processes in women. Another part deals with the topic of female personality and self-image. Then I mention the importance of the application of physical exercise, proper breathing and relaxation, as a way to restore harmony and health at the physical, mental and spiritual level. In conclusion of my paper I present a proposal yoga intervention program for women in terms of developing self-esteem, body consciousness, harmonization of the pelvic area, the hormonal system and alignment of biological rhythms. Verification yoga intervention program in a group of ten women were taken before and after the yoga intervention program through questionnaires and sleep rhythms of life and self-perception. Evaluation of collected data in the research part of the research confirmed assumptions about the positive impact yoga feedback intervention program in relation to the physical and mental health of the woman in the quality of sleep, menstrual cycle and self-concept.
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