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The documentation of the educational trail "Dobrošov" fort (Czech Republic)
Kopecký, Tomáš ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The educational trail Dobrošov fort is situated in the village of the same name. It is an advance specified marked route which leads in the footsteps of the border fortification from 1935 - 1938.
The length of the route is approximately 4 km and visitors are mainly informed about historically interesting places in the surrounding and about the events before World War II. Historical affairs are presented in the form of information panels at individual stops. The panels tell visitors not only about historical military facts of 20th century but also about the building of the fortress fortification Dobrošov.
The educational trail has eight official stops. On the route, visitors can see additional panels with the description of the light fortification and they learn interesting things about the surrounding.
The content of this thesis is a brief characteristic of events in Czechoslovakia before World War II. There is a description of the fortification system of a fort at that time in Europe and Czechoslovakia. Furthermore, this thesis deals with educational trails in general from the viewpoint of their functionality and equipment. This study points out legislation and illustrates new trends of this form of tourism.
The aim of this thesis was to document the educational trail Dobrošov fort, with the focus on historical events of fortification building in Czechoslovakia before World War II. The analysis of the trail and information panels was conducted. A questionnaire survey found out the needs of visitors and highlights the usefulness of this trail. The questionnaire survey had another important role for findings of stated hypotheses. Four scientific hypotheses were formulated. The first one is if the access to more objects increases, its attractiveness and attendance will also increase. The second hypothesis is whether the visitors are satisfied with the infrastructure of the educational trail. Furthermore, the awareness of the educational trail helps to its high attendance, and both citizens and tourists will be happy about a fortification extension which also includes the preservation of decaying objects in the surrounding. The used methods for achieving these aims were the observation and questionnaire survey in the location of the educational trail.
The conclusion shows that the access to more objects will increase the attractiveness and attendance of the trail. However, the visitors are not satisfied with the infrastructure of the trail. The awareness of the educational trail contributes to the high attendance. The hypothesis that local citizens and tourists will be happy about the trail extension which includes the preservation of decaying objects in the surrounding was disproved.
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The renovation of historical parks near the small feudal residences on the example of the study of the renovation of the castle garden in Doudleby nad Orlici in Eastern Bohemia.
Faltysová, Lenka ; Buttry, Ivana (advisor) ; Jakub, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this work is the processing methodology and presentation process how to restore monuments of garden art. On the example of the revitalization of the castle garden immovable cultural monument Castle Doudleby nad Orlicí, based on the study of literature, similar interventions and the analysis and interpretation of various types of archival material the current quality of historic garden was evaluated. It is based on field survey, which consists of dendrological research, analyzing the authenticity of trees and appreciation of all the collected documents, historical sources and professional literature. Concept recovery of castle garden is based on the expert authority´s binding point of view of the state care of historical monuments.
Renaissance castle in Doudleby nad Orlici is located in the eastern part of the town on a slightly raised hill on the right bank of the River Divoká Orlice. There was a wooden medieval fortress with the farmyard on this place in the 13th century. Sr Mikuláš from Bubno started to build a hunting lodge in the Renaissance style as villa in 1588, which was finished in 1590. The significance of Renaissance residence, which complement the early Baroque elements from the late 17th century, is enhanced by the opulent and impressive sgraffito - carpet pattern covering all external and internal frontage, restored in 1886 by Kirchner. The tall chimneys are the part of decoration in the courtyard decorated with sgraffito as well. The chateau complex is formed along its circuit of farm buildings and residential buildings. Building of castle itself is separated by a park with old trees and newer lawns (Hieke, 1984).
Castle park in Doudleby nad Orlicí was founded in 1809 in compositional continuity of the Renaissance castle building. The park forms one organic complex with the castle. The promoter strived, like in the castle rooms, to demonstrate here his wealth, his sense of art and his botanical-dendrological knowledge. The park is designed as a narrow disposition in landscape style and it is composed as a long vista to the castle. The area of the landscape park is 3.76 hectares nowadays.
The literature search is especially dedicated to the Renaissance and its relationship to the garden art. The monument care in the Czech Republic and the activity of professional organization of the monument care of the National Heritage Institute in Josefov is introduced in this section.
The methodological guide describes the used bolsterings and resulting outputs on the basis of them are implemented of such measures, which will help to improve the health and vitality of existing promising trees and new plantings of trees, which are consistent with the original composition with emphasis on the rehabilitation and upgrading of historical value of the object. Treatment of trees and supplementary planting will be done within the frame of total revitalization of the castle park.
The practical unit describes the current status of vegetation monuments of garden art. The inventory trees is the essential tool for analyzing the current status of vegetation monuments of garden art. Inventory, which should provide quality base for a draft recovery, should also be addressed in certain parts with characteristics of individual species (Krejčiřík, 2015).
The results of field investigation were completely recorded in the graphical output.
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An analysis of land fund of Domažlice district
Hovorka, Jan ; Janků, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyzes the land in Domažlice. In this border region is experiencing significant changes in land use and thus to changes in the structure of the landscape. The work focuses mainly on the protection of soil and landscape structure in that region. It deals with not only trends in land, but the whole system of processes that changes in land fund raises. Therefore, it is also engaged in the wider context of spilling over into other areas.
In the introductory section readers outlines the social significance of soil and land resources, but also the landscape and its structure. The following describes some of the processes that occur in the country, including their impact. The following section is devoted to real estate records (katastrům), their importance and fundamental historical changes in the register of real estate. He also records of agricultural land. Subsequently also describes factors that affect the status of the land fund of the Czech Republic, including state policy and the European Union. There is described a land market and the price of land in the Czech environment. The whole chapter is concluded by a brief description of the historical development until now. The literature search should provide an overall view of issues, including relations with adjoining areas.
Another part is devoted to the identified region Domažlice. There are analyzed the conditions and diversity of this region and its historical development, because only with such knowledge can achieve an objective assessment of the issue. It also established a methodology for the job.
Part of the results is devoted to the results of background and results of individual investigations, which are in the following section compared with current scientific knowledge and partly to the socially accepted attitude.
The conclusion summarizes the results of this thesis and provided the achievement of hypotheses that have been identified in the introductory part. There are also problems outlined and possibly offered the best solution. Part of the annex is devoted to image the documents, which illustrate the text part.
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Change trajectories of wetlands in the landscape of lowlands and uplands in the Czech Republic
Richter, Pavel ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Dagmar, Dagmar (referee)
Wetland habitats are of great multifunctional importance in landscape. In particular, they have the capacity to retain water during its surplus and then in the dry season to release the water. In this work the dynamics of change in wetlands coverage was analyzed, including the representation structure of different categories of wetlands over the past 180 years in the landscape of lowlands and uplands in the Czech Republic. The historical maps of Stable Cadastre, current orthophoto and current GIS layers of localization and classification of different types of land use/cover and landscape types were used as data sources. The area of wetlands has dramatically decreased from 5 762 hectares in the period 1825-1843 (more than 9.5 % of the area) to 54 hectares in 2014 (0.9 %). Based on the study of available documents three types of wetland habitats were classified: wet meadows, wet meadows with trees and swamps . Although, the most of the historic wetlands were constituted of wet meadows (89 %) these days the swamps (48 %) form the largest part of the wetlands. Half of the historic wetlands were transformed to arable land because of increasing production of agriculture. According to the evaluation of monitored changes by predictors it was found that more pressure on the degradation of wetlands was in the areas with more suitable climatic conditions for agriculture (e.g. The Danube basin, Moravia, soil types in the lowlands, Corn agricultural production area etc.). In these areas the swamps were formed as new wetlands in places of historical watercourses localization more significantly than elsewhere in monitored area. The aim of this work was also to describe the main driving forces and pressures that have influenced the changes in wetlands. The outcome of the paper can be used in landscape planning with regard to the protection and management of wetlands.
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Risk elements contamination in Kutná Hora region and possibilities of its usage in paleoenvironmental research
Horák, Jan ; Hejcman, Michal (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
The dissertation focuses on topic of using risk elements contamination as a stratigraphic marker in palaeoenvironmental research. The contamination is not studied only as itself, but is viewed as a way to analyse and interpret the sedimentary record of historical events. The contamination carries the information about its original place, its original activity, about development of the landscape.
The Kutná Hora region (central Bohemia; 49°57'0.170"N, 15°15'59.877"E) is a region of important historic mining and smelting activity. The mining started in 13th century and lasted until half of 16th century. Then only sporadic attempts of renewal were made. Spatially limited mining was renewed in second half of the 20th century. Therefore, it is highly probable to find here the contaminants in the role of stratigraphic markers. In the research were used mainly As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, V and Zn as these are the most analysed in contamination studies performed in the region.
The aims of the dissertation were to answer these questions:
To characterize the contamination
- Are some risk elements typical for the contamination originating from the mining and smelting?
- If so, is their environmental (spatial, sedimentary) manifestation diversified?
- Is possible diversity spatially related to particular landscape features or areas?
- Is possible diversity connected to particular activities?
To use the answers in analysis of particular sites
- Is it possible to use the risk elements contamination as stratigraphic marker in fluvial sediments?
- How is the interpretation of particular site influenced by the whole context of regional contamination?
The core of the research is the metaanalysis of contamination data coming from region (the data obtained by our research and also from other studies). The results have brought not only basic characteristics of contamination, mainly concentrations. The crucial result was the structure of studied elemental complex. Only As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn are connected to contamination originating in mining and smelting. Other elements - their concentrations and spatial distributions - are uninfluenced by mining and smelting activities. More, the information about connection of As and Cd to mining and Cu, Pb and Zn to smelting was revealed. Both groups recorded with different spatial distributions. Also comparison of results by different approaches has shown that some statistical processing (clr-transformation) of such dataset was much better for interpretation than analyses of only concentrations values.
We studied also the area of confluence of two rivers - Klejnárka (main river draining contaminated region), which is tributary to Labe (Elbe) river. The contamination is still recognizable here, but the diversity between contamination elements is not. The confluence of rivers strongly dilutes the contaminated material. The concentrations decrease. Also here clr-transformation of data enabled to analyse structures of contaminants spatial distribution unrecognizable by concentrations values.
We performed also two vertical profiles analyses. It was shown, that it is highly risky to interpret data of such origin without the complex information about regional contamination context. It was revealed by contextual interpretation of data from one of the profiles, that there is a mixing of geochemical data coming from different statistical populations. The contamination works there as only one of the factors influencing sedimentary record. The site is therefore suitable for statistical testing of two populations mixing, outliers` detection and the like.
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Perceptions of nurses in society
TIŠEROVÁ, Tereza
Theoretical Backgrounds Nursing, as one can say today, has its deep roots reaching back to our history. But in spite of everything it has gone through we can call it a young subject. The nursing profession itself has been influenced by historical events throughout its development. Prospects opened and new experience came with every such event. The nursing profession has accompanied the mankind for centuries, searching for and satisfying the needs of both sick and healthy clients, the latter in respect of the preventive care. It was thanks to Florence Nightingale that nursing got into the subconscious of people, and started and still has never ceased flourishing. Therefore, she is justly considered to be the founder of contemporary nursing. Thesis Objective The following principal research question was set for the bachelor thesis: What is the opinion of the society of the nursing profession. The aim of the thesis was to find out the views of the society of the general nursing profession. Applied Methods The research part of the thesis took a quantitative form using questionnaires. The questionnaire consisting of twenty questions was handed out to the public who have already had their experience in the nursing care provided in any form. The answered questionnaires were processed and evaluated statistically. Results The results of the bachelor thesis helped to clarify the opinion of the public of nursing and of the profession of general nurses. New relevant information about the relations of the lay public to general nurses came to the fore. The results obtained can be used when teaching nursing, at conferences on similar issues or at professional workshops. I implemented the answer to the principal research question into the research part of the bachelor thesis treated in more detail. The objective of the thesis set prior to the research of this issue was fulfilled as well. The following knowledge was gained on the basis of the questions put in the research part. The lay public considers the nursing profession to be medium to highly exacting and their opinion is mostly founded on their own experience, other people, and media. They think that, to work in their profession, nurses need secondary or higher vocational education. In view of the public, the reputation of the profession goes down, with the financial remuneration being insufficient. People still keep a positive attitude to the profession, and also the approach of nurses is evaluated as positive. They also consider neatness and appearance to be important. The communication skills, in their opinion, are at a good level. The opinion as to the university education is indefinite, but people are rather inclined to the option for nurses to be educated. If they would be given the opportunity to try the profession, most of them would refuse. Further, in the opinion of the public, the sphere of the general approach to clients and professional knowledge should be extended in nursing. In spite of some negatives, the public trust nurses more that doctors. Conclusion The benefits of the bachelor thesis lie in the publication of the research results concerning the opinion of and ideas of the lay public about nursing and the profession of general nurses. The thesis also helped and pointed out to the issue that is topical at present.
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Long-term changes of forest vegetation - the comparison of present species composition and biodiversity with the historical records
Vojík, Martin ; Boublík, Karel (advisor) ; Douda, Jan (referee)
The thesis presents the results of the research of the long term changes in semi-natural vegetation of lowland woodlands in the forest district Klínec (phytogeographical district Střední Povltaví, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic), which is located between the northeastern part of the Brdy Highlands (Hřebeny) and the Vltava River valley. Research of the long term changes over the past nearly 60 years was conducted by resampling vegetation on semi-permanent plots. Old relevés by V. Samek (1957), which were provided by the Czech National Phytosociological database, were used as reference data. Twenty-nine relevés were resampled, which were located using old data and GIS. The shift to shady plant communities (loss of heliophilous and expansion of shade-tolerant species) was found in the study area caused by higher canopy of tree and shrub layer due to the expansion of deciduous trees. Species richness (alpha diversity) was significantly declined. Homogenization of the vegetation was not significantly demonstrated in study area. Species of nutrient-rich habitats as well as alien and invasive species were expanded and fewer red list species of vascular plants was found. Vegetation change in the area was probably most affected by the change in forest management in lowland woodlands (decline of coppicing), eutrophication (deposition of nitrogen from the atmosphere, runoff from agricultural land) and the effect of forest animals especially wild boars.
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Historic analysis of landscape pattern in context of water erosion risks
Freiman, Jan ; Skřivanová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Klouček, Tomáš (referee)
Abstract Disertation Historic development of landscape structure in the context of the potencional treatened earth water erosion, discribes the process of changes with usage landscape, which took place in cadastral area Vráž u Berouna, Tuchoměřice and Lanžov in královohradecký region. Total expanse all of these areas is 2 315,8 ha.
Selecting areas was held on the planned complex landscaping, becouse of practical use of the change of landscape, which had an impact on water erosion. Pictures, which were chosen for this job are from 1952, 1975 and 2003. The reason for choosing these pictures are equal distance and that the most important influence on remoulding the landscape which have taken place since the 50s of the 20th century due to agriculture collectivization.
Content of literary reserch is to approach the basic concepts, which have connections with the landscape and the assessment its structure including USLE, which deals with the calculation of erosion. For calculation of processes and changes in the landscape exist many tools and methods. In this work ,is analysis and calculation of erosion done with help of geographic informatiom system (GIS). Very important part of this wokr is to interpret the results in the form of map output, tables and graphs.
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Historical demographic trends of the parish in Bzenec
Mrazík, Dalibor ; Slaboch, Martin (advisor) ; Alice, Alice (referee)
This master s thesis describes historical demographic trends in a small southern moravian town of Bzenec, which lies in a rich countryside of Lower Moravian ravine, mostly covered with vineyards. In this case, historical demographic trend means population and social evolution of this town. Main research is mostly pointed on statistics of births, marriages and deaths of Bzenec citizens, who were registered in a church registry books of births, marriages and deaths, which were run by the Bzenec parish. This thesis also researches a data of a total population evolution of people, who lived in Bzenec, as well as their professions and names and surnames of males and females. Main goal of the thesis was to make a little summery of a population trend between the years of 1850 and 2014 in the southern Moravia. Statistic of births describes the period of years 1855/1904, statistic of marriages describes years of 1883/1932 and statistic od deaths describes the era between years 1867/1916. All these data were framed with the total population evolution trends during the period of above mentioned 164 years, era of 1850/2014. Minor goal of the thesis was to make the town of Bzenec more known among people and to apprise the general public about church registry books and an (not only) archive researches, because this could increase researches and studies of history, which could (and the thesis-author wishes that) lead to the better understanding of our past. It is sad, that if we would like to understand the present times, we have to understand the past first.
Practical part of the thesis, mentioned above, is supported by its theorethical part, that talks mostly about the church registry books and the town of Bzenec, but also about the rituals connected to birth, marriage and death.
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The Role of Agriculture in the Care of the Historical Mountain Meadows in Sklenářovice
Wolfová, Tereza ; Vaněk, Jindřich (advisor) ; Fedurcová, Alena (referee)
This Bachelor´s theses informs about the degradation of the highland meadows in the Krkonoše region. The process was closely connected with the ressetlement of the original Germans after the 2nd World War. After that nobody wanted to move to this region because of very hard living conditions and mountain landscape. That is why many villages (including Sklenářovice) declined and became desserted. The village of Sklenářovice has very rich history, for example gold mining, a typical activity for the whole Rýchory highland massif. Therefore this Bachelor´s theses icludes also the summary of the most important historical events of this small mountain village situated in the northtern part of Trutnov region. For gaining all the information I used scientific literature and other information resources.
The postwar transfer of the original German inhabitants influenced the life in the village and its surrouding landscape as well. It started to decline because of the lack of experienced farmers. Our forfathers made regular mow of meadows and bred the cattle in the pastures. Diversity of natural species was therefore very rich not only in the Sklenářovice valley but in the whole region. Unfortunately after the 2nd World War new comers didn´t know how care about the meadows properly. That is the reason why the meadows changed a became more and more overgrown. In the following years many things happened for example the establishing of forest brigades or state farming. All these things made the quality of meadows worse.
The situation got better in the 90´s of the 20th century. People realised the necessity of returning to original farming so that its natural and landscape values can be renewed. We can see the start of many programmes for renewal of the original Krkonoše landscape. Most of them are under the leadership of the Administration of Krkonoše Mountains National Park. This Bachelor´s theses suggests the effiecient ways of farming in the meadows so that its natural biological diversity can be preserved. It also informs about its protected biotopes.
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