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Consistency Checking of Relations Extracted from Text
Stejskal, Jakub ; Otrusina, Lubomír (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to mechanical techniques that are used in the natural language processing and information extraction from particular text. It is approaching the general methods that starting to process the raw text and it continues to the relations extraction from processed language constructs, moreover it provides options for the use of obtained relational data which can be seen for example in the project DBpedia. Another milestone of the described bachelor thesis is the design and implementation of an automated system for extracting information about entities, which do not have their own article on the English version of Wikipedia. Thesis also presents algorithms developed for the extraction of entities with their own name, the verification of the articles ‘existence of the extracted entities and finally the actual extraction of information about individual entities, which can be used during the information consistency checking. In the end, it can be seen the results and suggestions for further development of the created system.
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Information Extraction from Loosely Structured Text
Minárik, Matej ; Bartík, Vladimír (referee) ; Burget, Radek (advisor)
Nowadays we are speaking about Web 2.0, which means the web of documents rather than the web of data. Documents are mostly unstructured, or just partially structured, but search engines need data in structured form in order to provide better search results. The process of extracting structured data from partially structured documents is the main goal of this work. In this work we are analyzing information extraction methods, namely classification methods, which need annotated training data, in order to create their inner model. We also analyze methods, which do not need training. These methods are initialized with a few data examples we are interested in extracting. We propose an extraction method in order to extract therapeutic indications and active substances from medical information sheets.
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Topology Recognition from Crossroad Plan
Huták, Petr ; Bartík, Vladimír (referee) ; Kreslíková, Jitka (advisor)
This master‘s thesis describes research, design and development of system for topology recognition from crossroad plan. It explains the methods used for image processing, image segmentation, object recognition. It describes approaches in processing of maps represented by raster images and target software, in which the final product of practical part of project will be integrated. Thesis is focused mainly on comparison of different approaches in feature extraction from raster maps and determination their semantic meaning. Practical part of project is implemented in C# language with OpenCV library.
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Change of Aims in Life in Women with Breast Cancer
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Tereza
Breast carcinoma or breast cancer is the most common malignant cancer in Czech women and also one of the most common causes of death in women in productive age. It interferes in all spheres of life of a woman. It affects people around her and thus, becomes a serious all-society problem. To learn that you suffer from cancer means enormous stress. Suddenly, you appear in the dark, you are worried and anxious about your future and future of your close relatives. If your disease requires a long-term treatment, you often have to handle financial problems. In case of breast carcinoma, a woman has to cope with the breast damage or with a complete loss of a breast - a symbol of a female and a part of her physical and mental integrity. The thesis is an attempt to survey the breast cancer issue in all dimensions of human being - biological, psychical, social and spiritual. The objective is to find out, whether the aims in life in women with breast cancer change, and also what is the importance of family´s and close friends´ support for a woman with breast cancer. The surveyed group involved eight women between 31 and 59 years of age, who have suffered breast cancer in the last five years and have already undergone basic breast cancer treatment. The choice of the women was partly purposeful but I also used a snowball technique. I chose the qualitative research method. To gather information, a half-standardized interview was applied, which helped to establish intensive personal contact, based on mutual trust, frankness and respect. The obtained data have the form of personal case studies that try to record essential aspects and context of the surveyed issue. The research showed that aims in life of women with breast cancer really change, at least for a transient period of time. The changes are in all spheres of their lives. Family support and support of close friends help these women to return back to daily life and to cope with the situation.
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Identification of Value Determinants of the Mechanical Engineering Enterprises in the Czech Republic
Strnadová, Michala ; Hrvolová, Božena (referee) ; Koráb, Vojtěch (referee) ; Živělová, Iva (referee) ; Režňáková, Mária (advisor)
This doctoral thesis is focused on value based management. The basic principle of value based management states that the main object in an organization is value enhancement. Within an organization the concept of value based management connects activities and people participating in business processes to maintain that the resources the owners put into the business are evaluated. The essential task of value based management is to find and identify factors which contribute increasing performance and creating the value of a company, known as value drivers. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the factors which by significant amount affect the value of the mechanical engineering enterprises in the Czech Republic. In the first part of the thesis an analysis of current academic knowledge in area of value drivers is made. The base of the analysis is created by foreign resources because there is only limited amount of information in domestic literature. Besides the determination of value approach and its benefits attention is mainly paid to organizing results from value generators area. Findings of secondary resources analysis are used for own research problem. The second part of the thesis includes determination of the main objects and the research problem as well as formulation of the research questions and tested hypotheses. The third part is focused on describing methods which were used in the thesis. In the thesis was applied logical (induction – deduction, analysis – synthesis, generalization – concretaization) and empirical methods (comparsion method, quantitative research methods). Primary data was collected by using a questionnaire. Obtained data was analyzed using logarithmic decomposition of the return on equity, Boosted Trees and descriptive statistics (for example measures of location, measures of variability) and more statistical methods for analysis of statistical hypothesis (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Lilliefors test for normality, F-test, Student’s t-test, Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient). In the fourth part of the thesis the branch of manufacturing industry is characterized and the identification of performance factors is accomplished applying logarithmic decomposition of the return on equity. The other subjects of research were companies in a branch called “Manufacturing of machines and devices”. The fifth part of the thesis includes summary of findings of the prime research and its discussion. Primary data was obtained by a questionnaire survey and completed with accounting information of respondents. The findings of the research show that main determinants affecting the value of engineering companies in the Czech Republic are return on assets, profit margin, consumption, sales profitability, personnel costs and value added. The qualitative value drivers are good reputation, human resources (employees) and its characteristics, business and flexibility, performance and productivity, assets, competency responsible staff, attentiveness to requirement of customers, innovation and quality.
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The demanding character of Nursing Care in specialized pulmonary sanaroria
KLEINOVÁ, Irena
Pulmonary sanatoriums are facilities where efficient and useful therapy for patients suffering from respiratory diseases is provided. They use treatments including the methods of climatotherapy, drinking cures or inhalation therapies. Diseases such as asthma bronchiale, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, various forms of pneumonia, lung cancer and also tuberculosis are cured here. Just the tuberculosis treatment regimen is so specific that the research part of this thesis is devoted mainly to this phenomenon. Currently, tuberculosis represents a large medical problem in our country. Although the number of cases in the last decade has decreased, today it remains a serious medical and social problem with a huge economic effect on the entire society. The epidemiological situation is deteriorating on the global scale. The main causes of this deterioration are AIDS, the influx of refugees and immigrants from various risky countries, an increase in adherence to drug abuse and failure to keep to treatment measures. According to the WHO, two billion people are infected with tuberculosis globally. The urgency of this topic is seen in the fact that despite all measures, over 3 million people die of this disease globally and 90% of this number die in developing countries. This thesis is focused on the importance of pulmonary sanatoriums and also on the mapping of intensity of nursing care in particular pulmonary sanatoriums. To a great extent, the thesis deals with the issue of the specific needs of patients and the method of providing nursing care. The thesis describes individual facilities in the Czech Republic and their importance. It also deals with the specifics of nursing care for individual pulmonary diseases and goes into detail about provision of care at isolated units for patients with tuberculosis. It also deals with the holistic approach to the patient and multicultural nursing. A great part of the thesis is devoted to the needs of patients, and changes in their role in the sanatorium. The objective of this master´s thesis was to outline the difficulty of nursing care in specialized pulmonary sanatoriums and find the specific needs of patients in these facilities. Another objective was to discover the role of the nurse in provision of care and outline differences between individual facilities. All these objectives have been performed. Four research questions were set at the beginning of the research. The first research question dealt with how nursing care in pulmonary facilities is provided. The second research question was focused on finding the specific needs of patients in these facilities. The third research question dealt with the role of the nurse in providing care for patients in specialized pulmonary sanatoriums. And the last research question focused on differences between the individual sanatoriums. The practical part of the thesis contains the results of qualitative research gathered on the basis of a semi-structured interview. Final interviews were recorded, transcribed and subsequently processed by the technique of open coding. The research file consisted of 6 nurses working in pulmonary sanatoriums and 5 patients hospitalized with tuberculosis. Based on the information acquired, the patients perceive isolation units as a very simple and depressing place, where they miss contacts with their closest. The stay in the isolation unit is a shock for them. Foreigners complain of the language barrier. Nurses regard the nursing care as very demanding. They must care for patients with various diagnoses and provide multicultural care with respect to the national and cultural specifics of patients. Based on the results found, an information brochure was created, and this can help as a source of information for hospitalized patients in sanatoriums. Furthermore, the results of this thesis will be presented to individual sanatoriums for the purpose of making changes related to their equipment.
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Prostitution as a social problem
VOTRUBOVÁ, Eva
According to several authors, sexual activity ranks in third place in our day-to-day physiological manifestations, right behind eating and sleeping. Sigmund Freud claims that sex and erotica are what drives all human actions and that they are even present in four fifths of all our thoughts and desires. According to Freud's psychoanalysis, following sexual instincts and fulfilling sexual needs is the main human objects. Even in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, sexuality is classified in basic, biological needs. Sexuality therefore affects a large part of our behaviour. Prostitution is considered as one of the forms of sexual behaviour. Nowadays, prostitution is a phenomenon as frequent as it has been from the very beginning of the human race. The fundamental objective of this bachelor's thesis is to map out the subjective perception of reasons that led selected sexual workers to prostitution, and to develop a possible model of social work with this group. A qualitative research strategy was used for the purpose of research. In order to gather necessary information, I used the method of semi-structured in-depth interviews as well as a brief questionnaire. The latter served for gathering the respondents' basic information, such as age, marital status, education, etc. Over and above, during the interview I focused more on detailed information essential to answering the questions dealt with in the research. The interview was structured into five basic topics, whereas each of them included several specifying or developing questions. The basic topics formed a so-called core of the interview, while the other questions were posed in order to develop the topic more in depth with regard to answering the research objective. The interviews were carried out with six respondents from one erotic salon. The research part includes brief case studies that were elaborated on the grounds of information gathered during the interviews and the information collected with the questionnaire. The case studies allow us to gain an insight into the lives of individual respondents and to get a closer take on their life situations. All the interviews were transcribed and analysed using the technique of open coding. The fundamental analytical line is the story of individual respondents from their early childhood until the present day. The last section also includes responses related to the future of the prostituting women. This process, in which I tried to create an analytical story, was carried out using a "showdown" technique. The questions during the interview were asked in a manner so that they answer the essential questions of the research, which reads: EQ1: What reasons led the selected sexual workers to their decision to make their living as prostitutes? EQ2: What motives had sexual workers to make their living as prostitutes? EQ3: What situations might affect personality during the life of women so that they are prostitutes? The research results allow an insight into the life of prostituting women working in an erotic club. They reveal information from their childhood, adolescence and adult age and, at the same time, allow mapping out the reasons that lead the women to the sexual behaviour of prostitution. The results also point out the advantages and disadvantages of this profession as seen by the respondents, the experience with social services, but also the future of these women. The most frequent motivation among the respondents was money. This was already evident from the questionnaire, in which five of six women responded that they came to prostitution for financial reasons. However, it was also possible to notice different motivational aspects that contributed to the decision to making a living as a prostitute. Be it time flexibility, higher expectations regarding living conditions, or an effort to secure sufficient means for more than basic essentials of living standards.
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Issue of nursing care within patiens reliant on domestic oxygen therapy and inhalation therapy.
ŠTEFLOVÁ, Karolína
Theory basis: Oxygenotherapy is a method using the oxygen for the treatment. In present time is not usable only in the medical facilities, but also in the home enviroment. Important fact is, that there's a certain life quality improvement at all aspects due to home oxygen therapy. This thesis is focused on issues of the nursing care of the patients dependent on home oxygen therapy and inhalation treatment. Theoretical part of thesis starts with enlightenment of oxygen therapy, utilization of the oxygen and its source. Other chapters of thesis are focused on terms such as oxygen therapy, diseases treated by this method and patients indication for the home oxygen therapy, followed by available sources of the oxygen in the Czech republic, nurse procedures for oxygen application, oxygen therapy equipment and important regulations and policies for oxygen manipulation. There's also mentioned procedure to approach a proper effect of the oxygen therapy and knowledge given by a nurse with the patient release into the home environment. One chapter is dedicated to the nursing care of the patients dependent on home oxygen therapy and inhalation treatment. There's a section in this part touching a care problems with patients. Theoretical part of thesis is closed by a chapter about inhalation treatment, which is used by the patients dependent on home oxygen therapy. Two objectives of the research, and two research questions were defined for this thesis. First goal was to determine which informations are given by nurses to the patients dependent on home oxygen therapy and inhalation treatment. Second goal was to determine what are the most common problems of patients dependent on home oxygen therapy and inhalation treatment. The method of research: Empirical part of this thesis is done by qualitative method in the form of half-structured interview. Results: Three main categories were defined based on data retrieved from interviewees. Categories are divided into subcategories. In the first main category, named "Nurses cooperation", was found, that nurses are cooperating with patient's family, practitioner, pulmonologist, physiotherapist, technical support and homecare agency. From the second main category, named "The range of the patient's awareness", research show us, that nurses inform patients about policies for oxygen manipulation, strict smoking prohibition and the need of periodical check from practitioner. Subcategories in this category are "Introduction to oxygen concentrator", "Oxygen therapy equipment", "Policies for oxygen manipulation" and "Methods of breathe rehabilitation". In subcategory "Introduction to a oxygen concentrator" was found, that nurses are not informing patients. In subcategory "Oxygen therapy equipment" was found, that most interviewed nurses are using informational leaflets except one of the nurses, which is not using any helpful materials. In subcategory "Policies for oxygen manipulation" was found, that nurses are informing patients about restrictions to work with greasy hands, avoiding open fire and strict smoking prohibition. Some of nurses also mentioned policies for the oxygen concentrator, which was a surprise for us. In last category, named "Methods of breathe rehabilitation", research show us, that nurses are recommending aids such as Treshold PEP, Accapela and breathe trainer. We also found, that one of the nurses is not recommending and aids. Third main category, named "Nurses recommendation", consist of
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Florence Nightingale versus nurse 21st century
SKOPCOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis called Florence Nightingale versus a nurse of the 21st century is worked out mainly on a theoretical level. It has an informational character which goal is understandable and logical interpretation of Florence Nightingale and a nurse of the 21st century. We did not focus only on the most important character of the nursing in history but also on the development of the profession of a nurse from the medieval up to presence, status of women in society in chosen periods and on modification of moral values and assumptions which differ nurses through the centuries. To gain all the information, it was needed to study Czech and foreign reference literature. I have worked with technical magazines, for example a universal magazine Kontakt, the magazine Nurse and the magazine Florence. While I was writing the thesis I also used the information gained through reference foreign databases PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO. This bachelor thesis should clarify the phenomenon of the development of the nurse profession. It should be understandable for general public and should create a real view on nurses in the history and in the new millennium. It is also dedicated to future nurses not only to realize the historical milestones of nursing but as a teaching aid for the subject: The nursing theory. Every educated nurse should orientate in history of the nursing profession to appreciate the effort of all known and unknown characters of the nursing history. The thesis provides the general overview about the development of the nursing profession during the last thousand years. We tried to show that the development, especially the development of the nursing profession, was determined mainly by the status of women in the society and moral values of the given society.
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Prevention of birth injury in the perineal area.
SMOLKOVÁ, Marie
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of delivery injuries in the perineum and different possibilities of its prevention. The theoretical part is divided into three chapters. The first chapter provides the reader with a brief characterization of the anatomy of relevant structures the perineum and the pelvic floor. The next chapter deals with delivery injuries in the perineum and the pelvic floor and it gives a four - level classification of perineal injuries. At the end of this chapter, the risk factors and injury consequences are summarized. In the third chapter, we specify different types of prevention of birth injuries, including primary, secondary as well as tertiary prevention. A siginificant space is devoted to individual ways of preventing delivery injuries. They are represented by the methods that a woman can practice before and during the childbirth. Finally, the role of midwives in the prevention of delivery injuries is mentioned. The research part of the thesis focuses on the awareness of women about delivery injuries and their prevention. It set up three basic goals: 1. to reveal what information women have about delivery injuries, 2. to determine what prevention methods women use, and 3. to uncover women's expectations regarding the information about delivery injuries and their prevention provided by their midwives. These aims corresponded to three main research questions: 1. What information about birth injuries did the woman have before delivery; 2. What method to prevent a birth injury did the woman use; 3. What does the woman expect from her midwife regarding birth injuries and their prevention. The qualitative research was carried on nine women who were selected on purpose. Data collection employed a semi-structured interview. The research showed that women are often not prepared for the possibility of an injury during the childbirth and for its consequences. However, the women would happily be advised before giving a birth, such that they could prepare for the possible inconvenience. Furthermore, the women lacked information how to care for a vaginal tear. It seems desirable to provide women with consistent education about caring for delivery injuries, which could be enhanced, for example, by an informative pamphlet, containing all the necessary information. The positive aspect of this form of information source would be the fact that a woman could always have it with her, and she could get back to it whenever needed. The research also showed that women had a certain amount of information on the prevention of delivery injuries, but this information was incomplete, of low quality and not detailed enough. As a result, the women did not use all available methods of delivery injury prevention. The most commonly used methods were massaging the perineum before the delivery and inserting a silicone dilator in the vagina during the last weeks of pregnancy. Conversely, the women rarely initiated the use of preventive methods during the birth itself, such as perineum warming, perineum massaging during the childbirth, applying obstetric gel or utilizing the gravity during the birth. Moreover, it turned up that most women did not use the various methods in a completely correct way, probably due to their insufficient awareness of this issue. The women perceive preventing a delivery injury as an important part of preparations for childbirth, so they should be given quality information on how to apply various available methods, what are their effects and possible complications. A suitable way of providing such information might be again an informative pamphlet that would be handed to women by their doctors or midwives. A prototype of such a pamphlet, informing about the methods of preventing a delivery injury and possible treatment of a delivery injury is attached to the thesis.
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