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Subsidy Support of the Sustainable Waste Management
BEDNÁŘOVÁ, Renata
The subject of the dissertation is the issue of the waste management with special emphasis on the recycling of the construction and demolition waste. The recourse is an analysis of the key instruments regulating the activities and behaviour of market operators in this field toward fulfilling all-society priorities and principles of the sustainable development, where special accent is put on the area of subsidy policies and programmes. The aim of the dissertation is to analyse and evaluate the setting of the selected subsidy programme in terms of economic and ecological efficiency with the emphasis on the assessment of the impact on the recipient. The subject of the research will be a priority axis 4 "Improvement of Waste Management and Removal of Old Environmental Burdens" within the Operational Programme Environment 2007 - 2013. In the literature review basic concepts and important definitions are defined, followed by the comprehensive and complex searches of the problematics from different angles of view. First of all, the global aspect of environmental protection is discussed, broader historical, legal, economic and political contexts, that are essential fundament for understanding the current and future challenges both globally regionally, are summarized. Hereafter, a more detailed description of the situation of the European Union is followed, then the overview is completed by a detailed view at the state of the problematics in the Czech Republic. Subsequent chapters are devoted to a detailed analysis of the waste management sector, again in terms of global, European and national standpoint, in the end the view is focused on the key issue of the dissertation problematics of construction and demolition waste. In the application part the fulfilling of the stated objective of the dissertation through four defined hypothesis is solved. Hypotheses verify the efficiency and appropriateness of the setting of the system of subsidies in the frame of the monitored programme. The emphasis is imposed on the assessment of the impact of the allocated subsidies to the private entities on their economic and environmental efficiency.
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Summary of foreign knowledge about the origin and development of EDZ in crystalline rocks - research
Vavro, Martin ; Souček, Kamil ; Staš, Lubomír ; Vavro, Leona
Presented search summarizes findings of foreign research oriented on the origin and evolution of the excavation damaged zone in crystalline rocks with a particular focus on the essential results of experimental projects which were performed in Canada, Sweden, Finland, and Switzerland. The study is divided, excluding the introduction, into seven main chapters of the text, which gradually deal with: (1) definition of key terms, (2) overview of the main underground research laboratories in the world where EDZ assessment was conducted, (3) methods suitable for EDZ description and characterization, (4) main factors influencing the origin of failure around the excavations and time-dependent evolution of EDZ. An overview of important outcomes of EDZ experiments, focusing on the European hard rock laboratories (Stripa, Äspö, Onkalo/Olkiluoto and Grimsel), and their summary are presented in the final two chapters.\nThe review summarizing the published key findings and results of in situ experiments shows, that for rock in lower stress state, i.e. in no spalling environment, the extent and character of rock mass damage is typically dependent on the excavation method. Using mechanical excavation, rock damage zone with thickness less than 3 centimeters can be originated. The microcracks within this zone contribute to the increase of hydraulic conductivity of the rock mass. At some test sites (Äspö, Grimsel), where the tunnel boring machine technology was used, the damage zone was already detected in depth of less than 5 mm.\nOn the contrary, openings excavated by drilling and blasting are characterized by much more extensive damage zones up to several tens of centimeters in width. The damage progressively diminishes with the distance from the opening.
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The overview and the evaluation of the technical specifications of transparent materials for the production of composite wood panels
Holub, Jan ; Böhm, Martin (advisor) ; Arnetová, Karolína (referee)
Work includes: general introduction to the components of the wood-based panels with a transparent layer, the history of their production. It includes requirements for individual components of composite wood panels and requirements for wood and other wood-based materials, which serve as reinforcement. Also mentions claims potting material, which serves as a matrix.
It includes a description of the technology of wood-based panels with a transparent layer. This paper introduces the most commonly used material serving as a matrix, their distinctive characteristics essential for the production of composite plates. Compares parameters resins based on polyester, polyurethane and epoxy resins and analyzes the choice of a suitable material for producing a composite board based on user requirements. Part of this work is to design materials for the manufacture of composite board with controlled light distribution.
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Overview Copulation Strategies of European Butterflies
Baráková, Kristýna ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bubová, Terezie (referee)
Daily butterflies are a very varied and diverse group of the animal kingdom. They are insects with complete metamorphosis and a complex life cycle. Different stages of the development cycle are well known and studied. However, when it comes to the reproduction biology of daily butterflies, there are still a lot of question marks. This is why we decided to compile available information on reproduction strategies of European daily butterflies. This information was gathered by the means of strategically chosen keywords in scientific databases Web of Science (WOS), Scopus and Google Scholar. Based on these sources I compiled general information on reproduction behaviour of butterflies related to the complex processes before copulation, more concretely the mating and selection behaviour of daily butterflies. Consequently I describe concretely the copulation process, where I concentrate mainly on data on the progression of copulation, i.e. duration, minimum age or possible repeated copulation. I also explain general terms connected to copulation, such as paternity or protandry. The following part of the thesis concentrates specifically on copulation strategies of European daily butterflies. For the majority of butterflies I gathered data on mating strategies before copulation, specifically on how males search for females. Furthermore, for som e butterflies I add comprehensive data on duration of copulation, minimum age for copulation or possible repeated copulation. However, the gathered data do not provide sufficient information on the stated topic. It was therefore impossible to realize a statistical evaluation, which was supposed to lead to a recount against the total number of European butterflies. The hypothesis, namely that the vast majority of daily butterflies does not show promiscuous behaviour and copulates only once, has not been affirmed, neither disproven. Scientific publications only scarcely provided concrete information on promiscuous behaviour of daily butterflies. A research on this behaviour would require a more thorough examination. But it would enable us to organize accessible data on butterflies in the Czech Republic.
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Analysis of Accession Process between Turkey and European union
Kučera, Michal ; Spiesová, Daniela (advisor) ; Severová, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis, witch title is the Analysis of the Accession Process between Turkey and the European Union, is divided into two parts. Theoretical part, in which are elaborated the basic facts about the European Union, the circumstances and the historical context of origin, history, institutions and principles. There is also the development of the euro area and also emphasized the importance of the Maastricht contract and its subsequent modifications. The first part is an introduction of the Republic of Turkey with historical, political and economic background. The analytical part presents Turkey as a candidate country to the European Union, with an emphasis on the strategic location. The following is an overview of all the accession criteria from the European Union as they have been updated over time, content, and depending on the changing political and economic circumstances in Europe after the collapse of the Eastern bloc, including the legal framework of the accession criteria laid down in the contracts. There are analysed in detail the accession negotiations between Turkey and the European Union, their development and evaluation of the actual results of performance of the access requirements of the Turkish side. There is listed an overview accession chapters (screening acquis) and feedback in the evaluation reports from the European Commission. In conclusion is evaluation of the overall accession process considering to the current political situation in Europe.
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Prevention and therapy of spasticity in patients after cerabral apoplexy
TÁBORSKÁ, Žaneta
Spasticity is a manifestation of many neurological diseases, for example an infantile cerebral palsy, a traumatic injury of brain and spinal cord, a multiple sclerosis and a stroke. A genesis of the spasticity is not yet completely clarified and many definitions try to explain it. The spasticity can deepen a disability of patients even with a minimal paresis. The spasticity has a different clinical picture at various diseases of the central nervous system, but even at different patients with the same diagnosis, it also varies in the course of time at one and the same patient. The biggest problem in the treatment of the spasticity is the fact that the treatment, efficient at one patient, can completely fail at the other. A goal of this thesis was to give an overview of current options in a treatment of the spasticity. Therapeutic approaches to reduce the spasticity are usually a part of special kinesio-therapeutic methodologies, which are for example an anti-spastic positioning, a volitionary relaxation, passive movements, an anti-spastic placing (Bobath´s conception), relaxation techniques (PNF), an application of splints, a long-term effect of the heat, an icing and others. On the contrary, it is intensified by pain, pressure sores, a sub-luxation position most often of the shoulder joint, a psychical stress, urinary tract infections etc. In the theoretical part I focused on a control of the muscle tone, pathophysiology, clinical symptomatology, diagnostics and especially prevention and the treatment of the spasticity. In the practical part I investigated an effectiveness of an anti-spastic therapy through the qualitative research. For the data collection it was used an anamnesis, observations (kinesiological analysis), case reports and a secondary data analysis. The research was made at two probands with a brain damage on the vascular basis. I was finding out an effectiveness of selected therapies for individual probands {--} and at the same time its suitable combination. I focused on the area of the upper extremity. At the first patient there was a success, by a suitable combination of individual methods, to positively affect the spasticity and an active momentum of the upper extremity. At the second patient in a chronic stage of spasticity it was managed to influence it always only for a short term and results varied considerably in the course of time. The treatment of the spasticity must be preceded by a thorough knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms, a neurophysiology and above all a complex kinesiological analysis. The therapeutic approach should be always individual, to respond appropriately to changes in the clinical picture and to use suitable combinations of therapeutic approaches. If the treatment of the spasticity is successful, it positively affects the motor deficit and reduces the patient's disability.
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Overview of methods used in plant physiology for primary and secondary compounds estimation
Dlouhý, Lukáš ; Tomášková, Ivana (advisor) ; Čepl, Jaroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to summarize methods used to prove and isolation substances of primary and secondary metabolism of plants. In introduction I described metabolit path ways leading to creation of metabolites and introduced their definitions. In next chapters I pursued closer description of each group and sub-group of metabolites and specified options of their qualitative analysis. In last part I continued to
outline issues of separation methods, instrumental analysis and finaly to experiments. In conclusion I summarized obtained information generaled comparison of each method or their groups. I estimated the trend of analysis for trees and plants.
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The use of ionizing radiation in archeology
HORÁKOVÁ, Sandra
The methods using ionizing radiation for studying the archaeological artefacts have found an important place in the archaeology. The archaeologists using the ionising radiation are receiving far more comprehensive view into the past. The main area of this identification is the age of the objects, proving their authenticity and the composition analyses to determine the object origin. There is number of different methods, but for the archaeology only those methods that do not impair the subject investigated are taken into the account. This is a fundamental limiting factor for this area, as far as the monuments create an irreplaceable cultural heritage. There are number of modern methods in this area. However, not all of them are suitable for a certain material. Every method is usually suited for a narrow range of dedicated elements and limited range of ages only. This work is focused on the methods using ionizing radiation, which are the mostly used and typical for this field. Thus, the question is, whether there are any significant risks for the archaeological research in terms of the radiation protection. In order to clarify this issue, this material describes various methods and presents the results of practical measurements for the roentgen-fluorescent method. This method was selected due to its frequent usability by the archaeologists, and because the mobile analyser can be used in the field. The theoretical part of this report is focused on the basic knowledge about ionizing radiation, which is important for the understanding the issue. This is about the basic terms, such as radioactivity, ionizing radiation and its kinds, and radiation protection. In the context of radiation protection, the deterministic and stochastic effects of the ionizing radiation are outlined. The basic methods of protection against ionizing radiation and the biological effects of radiation on a human body are also described. Also the limits, embodied in the principles of radiation protection, are described. For the comprehensive overview, the radiation burden of the population is briefly described in the theoretical part of this material. The next part of this bachelor degree report is the methodology of the research, i.e., summarizes the overview of the selected methods, in which the ionizing radiation is used. Seven methods that are most commonly used and are typical for the archaeology are described. Practical measurement of the bachelor degree report presents the results of the roentgen-fluorescent analysis. Archaeological Institute of the University of South Bohemia use this method and specifically the mobile analyser Thermo Scientific NITON XL2 GOLDD. It is being used for a quantitative analysis of the samples with the primary source of low power mini roentgen tube 45 kV/W with silver anode. For the dose rate measurement from the NITON XL2 GOLDD meter, the FH-40-10 dose rate meter was used, borrowed from the nuclear power plant Temelin. Its range is 10 nSv/h - 1 Sv/h. Several items were selected for the measurement, such as the bronze sword, steel weight with the diameter of 4 cm and silver coin with the diameter of 1 cm. The measurement was accomplished after a contact application of the mobile analyser on the investigated subject, for the analysis of its composition. At the same time the dose input was measured by the FH-40-10 meter over the measured subject.
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Randomness in music: an overview of the current possibilities
Dos Santos Agostinho Filho, Gilberto ; MRKVIČKA, Luboš (advisor) ; RATAJ, Michal (referee)
Randomness has become an integral part of the contemporary composer's technical pallet. From trivial dice rolls to complex stochastic systems, there is an enormous amount of different methods that can be used in order to apply randomness in music: the results of simple coin tosses can be translated into any sort of binary data (e.g. note/silence), probability distributions may be use to control musical parameters or even musical form, Markov chains can be used to generate the path which a composition will take, etc. To emphasize the importance of these indeterminate techniques, this work will first take a historical look on randomness in the 20th century music, puncuated by relevant musical examples. These techniques are then discussed from a contemporary point of view, focusing on their relevance for the music today, dealing both with acoustic and electroacoustic music, generated with or without the aid of computers.
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