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Attitude of nurses to barrier nursing care on department of Infectious Diseases and on other departments of Internal Medicine
MOTLOVÁ, Anna
This bachelor's thesis deals with the nurses' approach to the barrier nursing care in the isolation ward and in other wards of internal type. The barrier nursing care is a system of work and organization measures which prevents the creation of nosocomial infections and the transmission of pathogenic germs in hospitals or social facilities. The nosocomial infection is an infection occurred in the direct connection with the patient's stay in the relevant facility. The barrier nursing method is a preventive measure which protects the sensitive individuals from the formation of the nosocomial infection. This method has to be respected by every medical worker without regard to the ward type. The most frequently occurring disease caused in connection with the stay in a hospital facility is the MRS A infection or the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The barrier care is a complex of many methods including the sterilization, isolation of infectious patients, personal treatment of the staff, treating of the diseases of the medical staff, hygienic hand wash and the following hand disinfection. In the internal type ward, patients with diseases of internal organs are hospitalized. This ward type counts among the most basic wards of a hospital facility. The isolation ward is very specific because here, the patients with an infection disease or with a justified suspicion of such a disease are hospitalized. This implies that in the isolation ward the barrier care has to be respected more strictly. In the research part of the thesis, two objectives were determined: Detection of the nurses' approach to the barrier nursing care in the isolation ward and other internal type wards. Monitoring of nurses' knowledge and skills in the field of the barrier nursing care in the isolation ward and other internal type wards. On the basis of the mentioned objectives of the thesis, following research questions were set: How is the nurses' approach to the barrier nursing care in the isolation ward and the internal type ward? Are there any differences between the knowledge of the nurses in the isolation ward and in other internal type wards? Are there any differences between the skills of the nurses in the isolation ward and in other internal type wards? From the research survey follows that the knowledge and skills of nurses in the isolation ward and nurses in other internal type wards are not absolutely identical. From the research followed that the nurses' approach to barrier nursing is more effective in the isolation ward. Further, it was found out that the answers from a part of the respondents don't completely correspond with the data found out during the participating hidden observation. While the answers of the nurses from the internal ward nearly complied to the desirable providing of barrier nursing, during the observation was found out that the theoretical knowledge is not corresponding with the real practice in the form of practical skills. The results of the thesis can serve as a basis for teaching of nursing subjects or as a contribution to expert courses, tutorials or conferences dealing with this topic. Further, the results will be offered to expert periodicals where we would like to give to the expert and also general public a notice about the importance of providing of an effective barrier nursing care and contribute to paying more attention to this topic in all wards of health facilities.
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Significance of MLL gene aberrations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Šárová, Iveta ; Březinová, Jana (advisor) ; Král, Jiří (referee)
4 ABSTRACT Significance of MLL gene aberrations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), predominantly in AML M5a, the most frequent recurrent aberration of chromosome 11 involves region 11q23. Molecular breakpoint studies of several translocations involving chromosomal band 11q23 led to the detection of a gene that was named MLL (myeloid/lymphoid leukemia). Since that time, more than 70 different translocation partners of the MLL gene have been described. This gene is important for the proper HOX gene expression during ontogenesis and hematopoiesis. Chromosomal aberrations affecting the MLL gene occur in 5 - 10 % of AML cases and are very variable. Aberrations of the MLL gene are associated with an aggresive type of the disease and its detection is needed for the treatment decision. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of MLL abnormalities in bone marrow cells of the 66 newly diagnosed AML patients, using conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses with a commercially available MLL Break Apart Rearrangement probe (Abbott VYSIS). Out of the 66 patients, we proved MLL abnormalities in 9 (13,6%): 5 (7,6%) showed translocation of MLL gene, in 3 (4,5%) we detected MLL gene amplification without any evidence of rearrangement and in 1 (1,5%)...
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Automotive plastics with increased scratch resistance
Vida, Mikuláš ; Kučera, František (referee) ; Jančář, Josef (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was the investigation of changes of mechanical and rheological properties of nanocomposites based on PMMA, where filler was fumed silica of four types (different surface area and producer). The thesis focuses on the theoretical part of the current state of research, preparation and properties of nanocomposites. The solvent method was chosen for the preparation of nanocomposites, where silica was mixed with dissolved PMMA. Tensile mechanical properties were measured below Tg, while viscoelastic response was measured above Tg. Silica had not significant influence on the modulus below Tg, but above Tg (180 °C) both modulus, storage and loss, have increased with increasing silica content and with increasing frequency (0,1–100 Hz). The particle size and surface area of silica in a content of 1 % influenced storage modulus of nanocomposites more with respect to the content of 2 %. For samples containing 1 % showed that the significant role played particle size and surface area of silica. The greatest increase of storage and loss modulus of PMMA was reached for silica M-5 in content 1 %. All type of silica decreased tensile strength and strain with increasing silica content in the same way.
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Molecular adaptations of adipose tissue in relation to dietary treatment of obesity in human
Tencerová, Michaela ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee)
The general goal of this work was to investigate the molecular adaptations of human AT in relation to DIs with respect to its secretory activity as well as cellular composition focused on macrophages population. Specifically, we studied the role of novel adipokines, such as visfatin and RBP4, related to insulin resistance and AT metabolism. Furthermore, we wanted to characterize the effect of the dietary-induced changes on the content of ATM together with metabolic amelioration. In our studies, we found that lifestyle modifications had a beneficial effect on metabolic and biochemical parameters depending on the duration and type of DI. Regarding both of the investigated adipokines, visfatin and RBP4, we revealed modifications at the transcriptional and cirulating levels during DI. However, we did not find any association with the pattern of evolution of insulin resistance. Our findings do not support a clear hypothesis on the role of these adipokines in the diet-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity and other obesity-related metabolic disturbances. In respect to the changes of ATM content during long-term DI, we demonstrated using flow cytometry that the AT composition was changed at the end of the whole dietary intervention (i.e. after WM phase). This diet-induced AT remodelling was expressed by a...
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Dangerous of imported plague caused by Neisseria meningitidis
VLASOVÁ, Martina
The bachelor thesis called {\clq}qDanger of an imported plague caused by Neisseria meningitidis`` deals with a danger resulting from an import of the highly contagious plague caused by this bacteria. The genus of Neisseria commonly occurs in the human body as a natural population of the oropharynx. Only two kinds of it are pathogenic for humans and one of them is Neisseria meningitidis. It causes Meningococcal meningitis, which is a disease of the central nervous system and it is characterized by meningitis. This illness occurs only sporadically in the Czech Republic, although there were several epidemics. Worldwide an incidence of meningitis varies according to the hygiene and health conditions of the area. Currently the highest rate of infected people has been reported from countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, where the incidence varies between endemic and epidemic. With the increasing trend in travel to foreign countries, which were unavailable until recently, there appear new risks associated with the occurrence of highly contagious diseases. Sub-Saharan Africa is undoubtedly one of those areas, that is why travellers should consider possible travel vaccinations. Today it is possible a vaccination against all the most common types except type B meningitis. The aim of this work is to cultivate Neisseria meningitidis, to determine the sensitivity to appropriate antibiotics and to state whether a sufficient number of the antibiotics is available in case of a spread of Meningococcal meningitis. Then there will be described, in the presented bachelor thesis, a process of the Integrated Rescue System in a co-operation with the regional Public Health Watch and other Public health authorities to stop the spread of meningococcal meningitis.
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Preparation of specific probes detecting prophages of serogroups A,B and F in lysogenic strains of Staphylococcus Aureus
Doškař, J. ; Pallová, P. ; Pantůček, R. ; Rosypal, S. ; Růžičková, V. ; Pantůčková, Pavla ; Kailerová, J. ; Klepárník, Karel ; Malá, Zdeňka ; Boček, Petr
On the basis of HindIII-restriction digest analysis of genomic DNAs, the S. aureus bacteriophages of the International Typing Set were divided into five clusters (A, F, Ba, Bb, and Bc). For each of the phage serogoups A, B, and F, common HindIII-restriction fragments of 3A, 53 and 77 phages were used for preparation of probes specific to the phages of all serogroups. These probes enable to detect up to three different prophages in a given lysogenic strain at the same time. Restriction enzyme maps of phages 3A, 53, and 77, each representing a different serogroup, were constructed.
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A possible approach for assessment of general singular stress concentrators on the basis of linear elastic fracture mechanics
Náhlík, Luboš
This paper studies a stress distribution around a general singular stress concentrator tip on the basis of linear elastic fracture mechanics. A procedure for development of stability criteria of general singular stress concentrators is shown. Three different methods for determination of an essential critical stress for crack propagation from the stress concentrator tip are introduced. Each of used method is useful for different mechanism of crack propagation. The described procedures are based on three dissimilar physical basis: on the energetic ground – the generalized strain energy density factor is mentioned, on the failure stress of material grain ahead of concentrator tip and on the size of plastic zone in front of concentrator tip. The numerical results can contribute to better understanding of general stress concentrators behaviour and can be used for design of engineering structures with mentioned type of stress concentrator
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The study of photodynamic phenomenon on melanom cell lines
KOLÁČKOVÁ, Zdeňka
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical method combining the use of photodynamic active substance and light in presence of oxygen. It extends the treatment possibilities of tumor and non-tumor disorders. It complements surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. An increased accumulation of photosensitive substance in pathological focus is the base of PDT. Subsequent irradiation by light of suitable wavelenght evokes photodynamic reactions leading to formation of reactive oxygen species and to biological answer leading to tumor cells damage. The final effect depends on sensitizer type, its concentration in target tissue and on used source of radiation. Aim of the thesis is to prove photodynamic properties of newly developed photodynamic active substance phtalocyanin CIAIPcS2 and possibilities of its usage to induce photodynamic phenomenon in melanom cells. Owing to absorption of light in sensitizer the formation of excited states happens, and then the excited form of sensitizer reacts directly with substrate. During this reaction free radicals of substrate form or transfer of energy from sentitizer to oxygen and formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen happen. Free radicals, especially radicals of lipid components of cell membranes, are the major cause of tumor destruction. Fruitfulness of PDT depends not only on type of sensitizer and level of oxygen in tumor cell but also on used light source. Luminiscence diodes (LEDs) were used as the source of light. Formation of ROS after PDT was detected with the help of fluorescent molecular probe CM-H2DCFDA on spectrofluorimeter Synergy HT and on fluorescent microscope Olympus IX 81 with image analysis. According to our results the production of ROS depends on concentration of sensitizer CIAIPcS2 and the radiation dose. We proved that the sensitizer CIAIPcS2 is suitable photodynamic active substance and evokes photodynamic phenomenon in tumor cells.
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Modelling of nanoindentation of modern Nickel-based superalloys for turbofans
Hrubý, Zbyněk ; Plešek, Jiří ; Tin, S.
Stress and strain distribution underneath various types of indentors – spherical, conical, and Berkovich – can be provided by the finite element method. In the presented work, indentation of isotropic aluminium is introduced as a benchmark problem, in which plasticity and contact algorithms are tested. The knowledge obtained in this way passes on to the real-life indentation processes involving orthotropic materials such as FCC metals (Ni-based alloys) in the context of nonlinear continuum and finite strain elasto-plasticity, including homogenization approach on the material microscale.
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