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The Benefits of Healthy Lifestyle As an Integral Part of Male and Female Infertility Prevention.
ŠIKLOVÁ, Helena
The key points of the bachelor thesis comprise the characteristics and problems connected with fertility disorders; its psychological factors, risk factors negatively influencing the fertility, causes of infertility disorders and male fertility disorders. The further points of the thesis elaborate on the possibility of developing these disorders and so stress the ongoing prevention since early age. The possibili ties of therapy and its complex approach are discussed. The main goal of the thesis is the analysis of possible therapy options and possible prevention conducted at the level of individual couples with fertility disorders. There are eight case examples of the couples who undergone the nine-month intervention program since May 2012 to January 2013. Structured interview methods (Švařílek, Šeďová,2007,s.28), method of observing and professor Lewit's kinesiology methods were used as an adequate solution that effectively uses the number of treated patients and help to achieve the objectives set at the beginning. The methods correspond to qualitative approach (DISMAN, 2000,s.52) and their utilization positively influenced the life expectancy value orientation of the couples, their life quality and overall health condition.
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Expression of selected proteins in sperm in men with normal and pathological spermiograms using monoclonal antibodies
Pěknicová, Jana ; Čapková, Jana ; Dorosh, Andriy ; Margaryan, Hasmik ; Kubátová, Alena ; Děd, Lukáš
Recent studies show that infertility in human populations it affects an estimated 15% of couples of reproductive age. Male infertility is the primary cause for 60% of these cases. For these reasons, we analyzed the acrosomal and sperm surface proteins in men with normal and pathological spermiograms. We found that intra-acrosome proteins: TERA (Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase), GAPDHS (Sperm Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), and PRKAR2A (C-AMP-dependent protein kinase II, PRKAR2A), which can be identified using our monoclonal antibodies, are different express in healthy men and men with astenozoospermia (with reduced sperm motility), and with a significantly reduced expression in the astenozoospermia. These proteins are involved in energy metabolism and apoptosis of the cells, and some of them in the sperm-egg interaction; therefore, they have an important role in reproduction. On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences in the expression of surface proteins (Appolipoprotein J (Clusterin) and Semenogelin). Our findings show that astenozoospermia as a complex disorder of the semen is often combined with other pathological conditions that are not diagnosed by the semen analysis. Therefore monoclonal antibodies are so suitable instrument for the detection of proteins associated with the pathology of the sperm in the semen with low sperm motility. In general, monoclonal antibodies against the sperm proteins are an appropriate tool to detect sperm quality in reproductive medicine.
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Male response to infertility by glance of female
KLEMENTOVÁ, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis, titled "Male Reactions to Infertility from Female Perspective", focuses on couples who have long been trying to conceive a child and on the way men react or express their opinions on the issue of infertility. The theoretical part is based on expert sources and explains the concepts that relate to this issue. A qualitative research strategy was selected for the practical part. The method of a snowball was used to select the research group. The research group consisted of women who have long been trying, or are trying, to conceive a child with their partners. The women were aged 25-50 years and of various education levels. The total number of the respondents was five. The method of interviews - semi-structured interviews - was used for data collection. Each of the interviews lasted 45 to 60 minutes on average and it was recorded on a recording device with the respondents´ consent. The main objective of the thesis was to describe, using women´s interpretations, their partners´ reactions to having trouble with getting pregnant and the solutions to this situation. To meet the above objective, two research questions were formulated: How do women interpret their partners´ reactions to infertility since the findings till resolving the situation? What man´s reactions would women consider adequate for the situation? Data was processed using a qualitative content analysis. The results obtained showed that men are quite often able and willing to communicate with their partners. These pairs demonstrated that men share the problem with their partners and are able support them. In this respect, it seems that men are mentally tougher and stronger than women. In two cases, it was found that men did not communicate with their partners because they were not accustomed to talk about problems. These two men also did not support their partners. However, the women expected these reactions. If the couples solved the problems of failed pregnancy repeatedly, their communication was problematic at first but there were improvements over time. The thesis reflects the issue that hotly debated currently as it is difficult nowadays to decide when to have a child. Male infertility is rather an issue of the recent decades; before it was automatically assumed that the fault is on the side of women. This thesis captures, through women´s interpretations, the reactions of partners to the problem of infertility. The results of this thesis could be used as informative material for professionals who encounter this group of patients because general ideas are still burdened with a lot of myths (e.g. men do not attend medical examination, couples divorce, etc.) They could also serve as support for men who have difficulties expressing their emotions and views on the infertility issue.
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The influence of oxidative stress on mammalian sperm quality and fertilization ability.
Dudková, Barbora ; Komrsková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Svoboda, Petr (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the oxidative stress and its influence on structures and physiologic functions of mammalian sperm. Oxidative stress is a consequence of imbalance between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants in the body. It is associated with impaired quality of sperm and it is considered to be one of the major reasons of male infertility, including humans. This work is presented as a research review targeting how and where reactive oxygen species are generated in the male reproductive tract. It summarizes specific structures and physiologic functions that are influenced by reactive oxygen species either positively or negatively and it also covers a protective role of antioxidants in seminal fluid.
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The issue of infertility in the Czech Republic: an analysis of the success of assisted reproduction
Plačková, Veronika ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kandilaki, Daniela (referee)
The subject of my thesis is to analyze the evolution of the reproductive behavior of the Czech population to assess changes over time, especially after 1989 and to analyze the success of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic in the period 2007 to 2013. It is divided into several parts. The first theoretical part describes the change in reproductive behavior after 1989, risk factors and causes of female and male infertility, possible tratments of diagnosed infertility and various methods of assisted reproduction. Another analytical part is dedicated to the evolution of fertility and the phenomenon of childlessness of young women. Some indicators are compared with selected European countries for an overall assessment. Subsequently are analyzed in detail the most widely used methods of assisted reproduction IVF, ICSI and kryoembryotransfer and of using indicators Pregnancy rate and Take-home baby rate is assessed their effectiveness. The thesis is supplemented by own research reproductive and family behavior on a selected sample of the Czech population.
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Factors affecting hatching rate of eggs of ladybirds
MAŠÍN, Vladislav
Hatching rate of eggs of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is affected by biotic and abiotic factors. Parental age, multiple matings, presence of male-killing agents, quantity and quality of food are the biotic factors. Temperature and wavelengths of light are the abiotic factors up to now tested. We reviewed these above mentioned factors that authors of diverse studies measured,and in addition, we retrieved data on fecundity and its relation to hatching rate. In 7 cases, hatching rate was significantly positively correlated to fecundity, in another 5 cases, there was no clear relationship. We argue that in unsuitable conditions visualized by low fecundity, female ladybirds lay higher proportion of infertile eggs as so called trophic eggs for feeding the neonate larvae.
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Genetic Regulation of Limb Development
Šnajdr, Pavel ; Grim, Miloš (advisor) ; Peterka, Miroslav (referee) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee)
Lx in SHR.Lx rat manifests in homozygotes as hindlimb preaxial polydactyly. We showed that a 2,964-bp deletion in Plzf (Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger) intron 2 is the only candidate for Lx. The deletion removes the most deeply conserved CNE with putative regulatory influence on Plzf expression. Using in situ hybridization we found reduced expression pattern of Plzf in Lx/Lx limb and anterior expansion of expression domains of Plzf targets Hoxd10-13 genes and Bmp2, in the absence of ectopic Shh expression. Rat hd manifests in homozygotes as reduction or loss of digits II and III on both hind and forelimb and impairment of spermatogenesis leading to male infertility. We showed that hd mutation is caused by an insertion of an endogenous retrovirus into intron 10 of the Cntrob gene resulting in the translation of a truncated protein. In situ hybridization showed that expression of cartilage condensation marker Sox9, and Bmp receptor Bmpr1b is absent from the distal parts of the digit condensations II and III. Studying spermatogenesis we showed that centrobin (protein of Cntrob) localizes to the centrosome, manchette, and the marginal ring of the spermatid acroplaxome. Mutant spermatids show a disruption of head-tail coupling apparatus leading to spermatid decapitation . We demonstrated distinct...
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Health and social aspects of infertility and its treatment
ZAVADILOVÁ, Zuzana
Infertility is the inability to achieve a pregnancy. WHO classify infertility into two groups. Primary infertility is the term used to describe a couple that has never been able to conceive a pregnancy, after at least 1 year of unprotected intercourse. Secondary infertility describes couples who have previously been pregnant at least once, but have not been able to achieve another pregnancy. Causes of infertility include a wide range of physical as well as emotional factors. Approximately 30 - 40% of all infertility is due to a "male" factor such as retrograde ejaculation, impotence hormone deficiency, environmental pollutants, scarring from sexually transmitted disease, or decreased sperm count. A "female" factor -- scarring from sexually transmitted disease or endometriosis, ovulation dysfunction, poor nutrition, hormone imbalance, ovarian cysts, pelvic infection, tumor or transport system abnormality from the cervix through the fallopian tubes -- is responsible for 40 - 50% of infertility in couples. The remaining 10 -30% of infertility cases may be caused by contributing factors from both partners, or no cause can be identified. This dissertation has two main goals. The first goal is to describe how a couple face up to their problems with infertility. The second goal is that this dissertation can be used as a study material for social and medical employees. This dessertation is based on a qualitative research. I used a method CAMI {--} communication through the use of computer. The observational goup were people disccusing at www.neplodnost.cz.
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Znečištění životního prostředí a endokrinně podmíněná neplodnost samců ryb
GOLSHAN, Mahdi
There are a large number of natural and synthetic environmental contaminants (ECs) known or suspected to mimic or interfere with male reproductive endocrine functions. Our current knowledge is largely addressed to ECs that induce oestrogen-induced feminization. However, there are several ECs that cause alternations in androgen production similar to oestrogenic ECs, but they do not induce vitellogenin-induced feminization. The mechanisms of action of these chemicals are still unclear due to the fact that androgen receptor (AR) functions in androgen-mediated male reproductive physiology are largely unknown. In the present study, we examined the effects of vinclozolin (VZ) (100, 400 and 800 ?g/L) and di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) (1, 10 and 100 ?g/L) on male reproductive performance in goldfish following 30 days of exposure. Since both VZ and DEHP act as agonists and/or antagonists of hormonal receptors, estrogen receptor subtypes (er) and androgen receptor (ar) mRNA levels were studied. For studying their oestrogenic activity, one group of goldfish were exposed to 17?-estradiol (E2). In DEHP treated goldfish, sperm production, motility and velocity were decreased at 1, 100 and 10 ?g/L, respectively. Our previous study has shown that sperm production, motility and velocity were decreased in goldfish exposed to 800 ?g/L VZ. These suggest that DEHP and VZ are capable of interfering with spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. In E2 treated goldfish, none of the males produced sperm, indicating E2-suppressed spermatogenesis. Similar to E2 treated goldfish, 11-KT levels were decreased in goldfish exposed to ?10 and ?1 ?g/L DEHP at day 15 and 30, respectively. In VZ treated goldfish, 11-KT levels were decreased in goldfish exposed to 800 ?g/L VZ following 7 d, but increased in goldfish exposed to 100 ?g/L VZ following 30 d of exposure. E2 levels remained unchanged and increased in DEHP and E2 treated goldfish, respectively. In VZ treated goldfish, LH levels were increased at 100 ?g/L. In contrast, LH levels were decreased in DEHP and E2 treated goldfish following 15 d of exposure. There were also positive relationships between LH and 11-KT levels suggesting that inhibition or stimulation of androgen production were mediated by DEHP- or VZ-induced alternations in pituitary function. In VZ treated goldfish, gnrh3 mRNA levels were decreased following 7 d of exposure and increased at low dose following 30 d of exposure. kiss1 or kiss2 mRNA levels were also increased in VZ treated goldfish, while gpr54 mRNA remained unchanged. In DEHP treated goldfish, gnrh3, kiss1 and its receptor (gpr54) mRNA levels did not change during the period of exposure. In E2 treated goldfish, gnrh3 mRNA levels were decreased at day 7, but kiss1 and gpr54 mRNA levels were increased at day 30 of exposure. These results suggest that, in contrast to DEHP, VZ effects on pituitary and testicular functions are mediated by disruption of hypothalamus function and upstream neuroendocrine regulators. The brain ar and testicular lhr mRNA levels were changed in VZ and E2 treated goldfish depending on dose and period of treatment, however they remained unchanged in DEHP treated goldfish. These differences suggest that DEHP may act through an independent hormonal receptor pathway, while VZ acts through a receptor pathway. vtg, er and cyp19a1b remained unchanged in DEHP and VZ treated goldfish but increased in E2 treated goldfish. These indicate that neither VZ nor DEHP acts as oestrogenic compound to impair male fertility. In conclusion, DEHP and VZ reduced sperm quality in goldfish due to stimulation and inhibition of 11-KT production which were mediated by alternations in pituitary function to produce LH or by disruption of the transfer of Cholesterol to steroidogenesis. Upstream neuroendocrine regulators (gnrh3 and kiss-1/gpr54) were disrupted in VZ treated goldfish. Taken together, VZ and DEHP differentially act on brain and testis to impair fertility endpoints.
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