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Quality assurance IMRT plans
LOŠKOVÁ, Michaela
We may regard the Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) as a break-through and progress concerning the treatment of oncogenous diseases. In practice, this new method experienced an extensive development as early as at the end of 1990s. At the present time, the IMRT is a medical treatment used in an increasingly frequent manner. It concerns predominantly such oncogenous diseases, the treatment of which based on the above-mentioned method is applicable due to the localization of the disease. The IMRT enables a more effective distribution of a dose in the target volume than in case of the conventional radiotherapy. It is also possible to realize maximum treatment of the surrounding healthy tissues. For the purpose of clinical use of the IMRT, however, it is necessary to verify the correspondence between the dose planned and the dose actually realized in the target volume. From the large quantity of correspondence verification methods available, I decided to select the three following ones to be covered in this paper: - portal dosimetry method - measurement using special phantom - measurement using 2D filed of the Seven29 detectors. The goal of my work was to compare these three methods of verification of the IMRT plans and in addition, to verify the applicability of the 3% tolerance criterion for all the above-mentioned methods of verification. The portal dosimetry method is applicable for verification of fluency; it is fully sufficient and not time-consuming for the purpose of clinical use. The measurement using 2D field provides for sufficiently accurate information on a dose{\crq}s distribution in the modulated field, however, it is more time-consuming and the measuring device is not integrated in the system of the radiation apparatus. Verification using special phantom is considerably time-consuming and it provides for information on a dose{\crq}s distribution in a small quantity of points. The DD=3% criterion I selected is applicable to all three methods with the exception of areas with extensive modulation of the dose and areas on the verge of the field.
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Manufacturing technology of plastic mixing body tube corpus
Pipek, Josef ; Vonka, Vladimír (referee) ; Kandus, Bohumil (advisor)
This master´s thesis deals with the complex manufacturing technology of plastic injection moulding. Literary work summarises knowledge of thermoplastic injection, thermoplastic bonding and choosing the right material for the given product. The reaction between the product and chemical substances plays a key role when choosing the right material. Therefore polypropylene is chosen for its high chemical and mechanical resistance. The given material is defined by technological data and technological process is proposed. A single-purpose injection mould for an existing injection machine is proposed for manufacturing the plastic mixing body tube corpus.
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Natural dyes and its didactic usage for education and leisure time activities
Hirnšálová, Jana ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee) ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor)
The purpose of this study was to remember and recreate natural dyeing technique, which is almost forgotten these times. It is possible to find remains of this technique with pre-industrial nations or as a part of dyeing handicraft. By inventing artificial dyes, natural dyeing was blenched and it becomes just an activity of special interested groups. Theoretical part of thesis is dealing with history of dyeing, preparing all the materials used for dyeing and to be dyed and finally charts involving dyes, extracted from vegetables, ordered by gained colours. Main purpose of the study is to verify colour spectrum by using known technologies, than to prove effect of chemicals and finally finding didactic utilisation as a form of experiments. The last chapter contains several educational projects which were developed entirely for this theses. These projects were designed to be used since seventh-grades and they are particularly devoted to plants which are used for natural dyeing. All the methods and accomplishments are presented not only by text form, but by photographs as well.
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Use of composts and vermicomposts and their extracts together with bioffectors for growing of plants.
Bouček, Jiří ; Tlustoš, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of this project will be to determine the influence of conditions during composting and vermicomposting of biodegradable waste of organic matter on physical-chemical properties of compost and vermicompost extracts. From this point of view mainly the content of basic nutrients and humin substances will be monitored and also the possible content of risk elements. In the same purpose the presence of different types of microorganisms in these extracts will be investigated and the enzyme activity of microorganisms in their extracts will be also determined. The extracts will be simultaneously prepared under aerobic and unaerobic conditions in different portion among the organic matter and its leachate and each sample variants will be compared to above conditions. The real effect of extracts applied on grown plants or into a soil including the fungicide effect of sample extracts during pot experiments will be reported. The effect of extracts will be also compared with commercial bioeffectors.
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Measurement of urine extinction in depending on ionizing radiation
RADOVÁ, Štěpánka
Urine Extinction Measurement in Dependence on Ionizing Radiation Dose Radiotherapeutic workplaces use ionizing radiation for treatment of tumorous but also some non-tumorous diseases. Medical staff of these departments is exposed to ionizing radiation on everyday basis and is thus endangered by harmful consequences. On the other hand a patient should be exposed to a neglect volume of ionizing radiation outside the radiated area. The conditions defining the means of protection for medical staff and patients are arranged by the law. So called dosimeters, are used for this purpose by medical staff, and urine might belong among them. This thesis deals with the issue whether urine could serve as a biological dosimeter that might be used either for continuous monitoring or for instantaneous determination of radiation dose. The next goal was to find out at what doses of ionizing radiation changes in urine extinction occur. The results show that urine provides qualitative but irreproducible values. Namely because of varying composition of urine and for presence of substances which, apart from water radiolysis, causing urine extinction changes, represent inhibitors or activators of these chemical reactions. This is why urine cannot serve as a biological dosimeter of radiation.
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Synthesis of monoquarternary pyridinium reactivators of acetylcholinesterase
Kučera, Jiří ; Doležal, Martin (referee) ; Opletalová, Veronika (advisor)
Kučera, J.: Synthesis of monoquaternary pyridinium reactivators of acetylcholinesterase. Diploma Thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Hradec Králové 2008 Summary Organophosphates are substances commonly used in agriculture as pesticides (metathione, malathione, Actellic, In-stop), in industry as hydraulic liquids, plasticizers, flame retardants. They are also used in human and veterinary medicine as drugs or for examination of neurological functions. Nerve agents are based on the same chemical structure. It is relatively easy and cheap to produce them, to use them for military purposes and misuse them by terrorist organizations. There are frequent intoxications of labourers in agriculture or in industry as well. Present treatment of organophosphate intoxication includes administration of acetylcholinesterase reactivators, atropine and diazepam. None of the currently available commercial reactivators is able to reactivate satisfactorily acetylcholinesterase inhibited by different types of organophosphates. The aim of the work was the synthesis and in vitro testing of new compounds with hypothesized reactivation efficiency.
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Supervision in psychiatric nursing
RŮŽIČKOVÁ NEUŽILOVÁ, Michaela
Basic theoretical background The theoretical part of the thesis explores the issue of supervision and focuses on psychiatric nursing. It is divided into several parts. The first part is focused on supervision, briefly characterizes supervision as such, then it describes its divisions, functions and methods. It also explores the participants of supervision, the agreement on supervision, transcultural supervision and Balint groups. The following part describes historical development of psychiatric nursing, briefly presents the personality of Joyce E. Travelbee. In the conclusion of the theoretical part of the thesis the problems of education and competence of nurses in psychiatric care are introduced, marginally mentioning the Turku declaration. The aim of the work The main aim of the thesis is to investigate the awareness of nurses working in psychiatric care of the clinical supervision options. The task of the second objective is to find out the opinion on supervision of nurses working in psychiatric care. The third objective is focused on means to assist nurses working in psychiatric care in their personal development and growth within their practices. The purpose of the fourth objective is to find experience with supervision of nurses working in psychiatric care. The methods used Qualitative investigation was chosen for the empirical part of the thesis. The method used for data collection was in the form of semi-structured interview. The interviews with the respondents were taken down using a voice recorder and transcribed, qualitative data was then analyzed by pencil and paper encoding technique and semantically organized into 27. groups of categorization. The selection of a research sample was intentional, consisting of twelve nurses working in psychiatric care in the Czech Republic. Results The research focused on nurses who do not have personal experience with supervision revealed that they have certain awareness of the supervisory process, however not quite sufficient to be able to describe the nature and function of supervision in its entirety. Their knowledge is rather theoretical. They understood supervision as help to solve disharmonious relationships in the workplace, as well as it could improve communication skills of the nurses, it would also assist in dealing with crisis intervention and prevent burnout syndrome. The results regarding nurses who do not participate in the supervisory process clearly indicated that they have insufficient support and the opportunity for both their professional and personal growth in their workplace, while this important could be solved by supervision. The research, which covered only nurses who have had personal experience with supervision and regularly participate in it, showed that their knowledge and skills related to the supervision process are quite sufficient to be able to understand and use supervision practically in the whole range. These nurses sees supervision as a benefit that would allow them not only to understood themselves, but also to learn how to manage challenging situations that are a part of their profession. Supervision gives them confidence, provides support and teaches them to deal with people who are part of their work process. Supervision has become a tool for preventing burnout and showed them how to use their own potential effectively. Conclusion This thesis is focused on the use of supervision in psychiatric nursing. Working with mentally challenged patients is very demanding, therefore supervision plays its justified role there. If you do not know yourself and you are not able to solve your own problems, you can never effectively and comprehensively address the problems of others, who are often desperately waiting for your help. The results will be presented at professional seminars designed not only to nurses working in psychiatric care.
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Development of Nanofabrication Methodology for Study of Mechanical Properties of Thin Films using Focused Ion Beams
Kuběna, Ivo ; Švejcar, Jiří (referee) ; Kruml, Tomáš (advisor)
The main goal of this work is to find a methodology of the fabrication of microcompressive specimens (pillars) from thin metallic film prepared by means of PVD. The studied film was prepared by the ON Semiconductor company, Roznov pod Radhostem. Its chemical composition was Al-1.5 wt.% Cu; such films are used for electric connections on integrated circuits. At first, a thin intermediate layer of W-10 wt.% Ti was deposited on the Si single crystalline substrate with the purpose of improving adhesion properties of the studied film. The geometry of the microcompressive specimen should be as close to the cylindrical shape as possible. The height of the cylinder is given by the film thickness, its diameter is approximately 1 m. Such specimens were prepared in Quanta 3D FEG Dual BeamTM facility using focused ion beams technology. Experiments were done at FEI Company in Brno. In total, 39 microcompressive specimens were prepared at various ion milling conditions. The required geometry was finally attained by the optimization of processing parameters, in particular the parallelism of lateral faces was improved, the bottom of the removed zone in the vicinity of the pillar was almost flat and the transition pillar – flat bottom was regular. The prepared pillars are suitable for the microcompression tests; the first of them have been already performed within the cooperation with the Institut of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha.
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Microreactors for Studying Enantioselective Reactions
Pavlorková, Jana
The aim of this thesis is optimization of given microreactor system Labtrix and reaction conditions for chosen enantioselective reactions. Our future vision is to set up and offer this system to pharmaceutical industry for purpose of synthetizing optically pure products and other chemicals for life and material sciences.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22014061812061 - PDF
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