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Physiotherapy after total hip joint replacement
ŠUHÁJKOVÁ, Pavla
Pain in a hip joint can dramatically affect the chance of having active life. The recent years have seen a significant progress in the results achieved while implanting artificial hip joints. This type of operation is simultaneously becoming increasingly more often especially when we take into consideration the increasing age of population. Implanting total hip joint replacement results in improving the quality of life, which can only be achieved through interdisciplinary collaboration of doctors, complex rehabilitation treatment, and positive approach of the subject alone. The aim of this bachelor?s thesis was to process case reports of patients after total hip joint replacements and to put together rehabilitation plans for these subjects. With the established objective in mind, the author summarizes outcomes dealing with the issues relating to total hip joint replacement, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and spa treatment following such operation. The research part of the bachelor?s thesis was accomplished by qualitative research. Data were collected by observing, interviewing and analysing documents. The data were gathered by individual in-depth interview and using case reports, which included author?s own observations, a draft of rehabilitation plan and implementation of the therapy, and subsequent outcomes from the assessment of therapy. The research corpus comprised of two patients who underwent a planned total hip joint replacement because they had been suffering from advanced primary coxarthrosis. The research was carried out at an in-patient orthopaedic department of the Hospital Pelhřimov in March 2011, when the subjects were being hospitalised. Quality and appropriately managed rehabilitation allows quicker improvement in the patient?s health following the operation. It is used as a prevention of complications, it improves engagement of functional potential in the operated joint and it consolidates appropriate motion stereotypes. The outcomes of the research confirm that such pre-operational and post-operational rehabilitation carried out during the stay in hospital leads to a decrease or complete removal of pain, an increase in joint?s mobility and muscular power, getting used to walking on flat surfaces and up and down staircases, and the level of independency in everyday activities.
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Lapped scarf joints for reconstruction of historical structures
Kunecký, Jiří ; Fajman, P. ; Hasníková, Hana ; Kuklík, P. ; Kloiber, Michal ; Sebera, V. ; Tippner, J.
This paper presents a description of the repair of timber structures using a prosthesis scarf\njoint designed for the replacement of damaged parts of beams. This new scarf joint makes use\nof the strutting effect of inclined contact faces where the forces are transmitted through\nwooden coupling elements - wooden dowels or keys. The scarf can be modified in four\nvariants according to the relevant stress and is suitable for historically valuable timber\nstructures. It meets both functional and aesthetic requirements. The designer - structural\nengineer will learn in the methods the load bearing capacity or stiffness of the beam with the\ndesigned joint, its recommended dimensions and detailed geometry. The contractor will\nappreciate the description of the execution and maintenance of the joint.
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Machining technologies used in medicinal producing
Drábek, Tomáš ; Sedlák, Josef (referee) ; Kalivoda, Milan (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis is focused on the connection of machining technologies with medical production. The first part includes an overview of a few Czech companies that pursue production of joint replacements. There are also some examples of the joint replacements included in this part. Frequently used materials for implants and constructions of dental replacements are included in the following part. The next section contains a summary of machining technologies used in this area. Additionally, there are a few technological production processes of components of joint replacements which are mentioned in the first part. This part also outlines machining technologies used in constructions of dental replacement production. Also included is an evaluation of the possibilities of producing femoral components of a knee replacement, as well as points out the specificity of machining technologies used in stomatology. The ending section of the thesis contains an overview of machining machines, tools, and software used in these areas. Lastly, there is a final evaluation concluding the work as a whole.
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Algorithm of imaging methods of injuries of the neck of the femur in the case of seniors
TOČÍKOVÁ, Miluše
The bachelor thesis deals with the incidence of femoral neck injury in the elderly. The work is divided into a theoretical and practical part. As the number of people of retirement age is growing, the rate of injuries associated with this age group has been increasing as well. It is necessary to accept the idea that age is a stage of human life, which every individual must eventually face. A femoral neck fracture is one of the causes of mortality and morbidity in the elderly. The incidence of this injury has been increasing both in developed countries and in the Czech Republic. A femoral neck fracture represents a threat for mobility and independence of seniors. Some people are then permanently dependent on mobility aids, while others remain in institutional care. The most common cause of femoral neck fractures in the elderly is a fall on their side, which is caused by a complex interaction of external and internal factors. The first imaging method used during a medical examination is sciagraphy, which is one of the oldest methods. It allows physicians to assess the preoperative condition of the hip joint and postoperative check-ups during the treatment by alloplasty or perioperative condition with the use of osteosynthesis. It is beneficial for the above-mentioned group of people to carefully assess the bone metabolism. A healthy bone is constantly reconstructed, it continuously breaks down and a new bone replaces it. With age, the degradation of bone prevails over bone formation and the bone begins to "thin". This disease is called osteoporosis. It is a disease that pertains to the civilisation diseases. It is often only diagnosed at an advanced stage, when it is already increasingly susceptible to fracture incidence. The factors of osteoporosis include an unhealthy lifestyle, hormonal changes in women after menopause, when there is a decrease in the level of calcium, a major weight loss etc. A painless, non-invasive method, by means of which a doctor can obtain comprehensive information about the amount of bone mineral in the examined part of the bone, is a densitometry test, or DXA. This test uses x-rays at two energy levels. The DXA method can be measured as a whole-body mineral content as well as any other part of the body. Other causes, which increase the risk of a femoral neck racture, are bone metastases. The proximal portion of the femur, including the femur neck, metastatically affects especially primary lung cancer, kidney cancer, thyroid, breasts in women and prostate in men. At an early stage, bone metastases are asymptomatic. Clinical symptoms such as pain can occur, when the metastatic process penetrates the periosteum and surroundings of the bone, thereby irritating the neural structures. Another symptom is the emergence of pathological fractures. Bone metastases are helping us uncover laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging methods, which include, for example, scintigraphy. Bone scintigraphy can detect a metastatic process much earlier than X-ray examination. The aim of the work was to describe the principles of individual imaging methods, which help doctors to determine the correct diagnosis, to learn more about the femoral neck injury in the elderly and about causes of their ocurence. Moreover, the two hypotheses were established: 1. The most frequently used method in case of a femoral neck injury is skiagraphic examination. 2. That is why more than a half of femoral neck injuries are diagnosed in the elderly. The practical part was elaborated on the basis of a quantitative research. The data needed for the research were obtained from case studies of patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department of the Hospital Tábor a.s., in the period from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2015.
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Reliability analysis of the hip joint endoprosthesis ceramic head
Málek, Michal ; Janíček, Přemysl (referee) ; Fuis, Vladimír (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with probability of fracture ceramic head of total hip endoprosthesis during tests by the standard ISO 7206-5. In the first part is made stress analysis with method of finite elements in program ANSYS. Six types of ceramic head with different geometry was analysed for ideal geometry of head and shaft, and also for shape imperfections from nominal conical shaft and head. The final values of principal stress from stress analysis were entry values for the second part – probability of fracture analysis. Weibull weakest-link theory was applied, namely 3-Parameter and 2-Parameter Weibull distribution.
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Usage of NIC and NOC clasifications on patients with complete artificial hip joint.
KULHÁNKOVÁ, Barbora
Abstract The theoretical part of the thesis entitled The Use of NIC and NOC Classifications at Patients with the Total Hip Arthroplasty deals with the problem of the total hip replacement, educating patients before surgery and the regime which must be observed by the patient during the hospitalization and when being discharged from the hospital to home nursing. Further, the nurse has been described as a provider of rehabilitation nursing cooperating with the physiotherapist. The thesis is concerned with the nursing process, it preoccupies with the terminology in the health care, the issue of NANDA, NIC and NOC classifications and the Alliance 3N. Three goals of the thesis were defined: 1. to find out what types of NIC activities are typically used by nurses within the care of patients with total hip replacement. 2. to verify the application of NIC an NOC classifications in the care of patients with total hip replacement. 3. to investigate what sorts of the NOC indicators are typically used by the nurses in the care of patients with total hip replacement. The combination of the quantitative and qualitative research is applied. The four hypotheses were determined in the frame of the quantitative survey: 1. Nursing diagnoses are assessed as not being beneficial by the nurses. 2. Ensuring of tools facilitating the movement is a commonly preferred kind of an intervention by the nurses. 3. The knowledge of NIC and NOC terms is influenced by the previous education. 4. The satisfaction of the nurses with the nursing documentation is influenced by the length of practice. Data was collected by means of the questionnaires. One research query was established for the qualitative research: 1. What is the standpoint of the nurses on the NIC and NOC classifications in the care of the patient with total hip replacement? Data was collected by means of the formed nursing documentation based on the NIC and NOC classifications. The semi-structured interviews were used, as well. H1 remained unconfirmed. H2, H3 and H4 were not statistically validated. The NIC and NOC classifications are generally classified as not being beneficial for the nursing practice by the nurses.
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