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Simulated workplace of intensive care unit
Kováčová, Jana ; Hozman, Jiří (advisor) ; Fabián, Vratislav (referee)
This diploma paper arose as a part of project, which considers by realization of simulated workplace of intensive care unit for biomedical technicians on Faculty of biomedical ingeneering. That was solved by several partial points: list of proposed instruments, space solution of laboratory, orientation calculation of recovery of investment. At first I got acquainted with Standard of Ministry of Health About intensive care unit and I analyzed the present state of this area. The first point was solved by analyse offer of instruments and patient simulator. Than individual components of laboratory were taken up in selection procedures. The second partial point was the concept of space solution of laboratory several instruments and a bed in laboratory 9. I used a recommended computer program Room Arranger for creation of solution. The third partial point was orientation calculation of time of recovery of investment, which proved, that time of recovery of investment is 9 years.
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Economical aspects of health care services and risks connected with legalization of euthanasia
Stehlíková, Jana ; Kuba, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Matula, Miloš (referee)
The thesis deals with legalization of active euthanasia, its main impacts for the whole society, potential abuse and some basic concerns of specialist of various profession related to euthanasia. The thesis is focused on the medical, economic, legal and religious point of view of euthanasia and defines crucial approaches of the defenders and defendant of euthanasia. Special emphasis is on the attitude of doctors, whose opinions on legalization of active euthanasia vary. The thesis denies legalization of active euthanasia as a good solution for patients which are incurable ill or dying, calls attention to keeping the right to live in current form and disagrees with the economical argument that euthanasia is cheap and fast solution for complicated situation of the health service.
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Providing of Home Care Services in Česká Lípa region after releasing patient from inpatient treatment
BUDNIKOVOVÁ, Eva
Abstract Ensuring of Respite Care Services in the Česká Lípa Region after Releasing of Patients from Hospital The goal of this thesis is to map the scope, the quality and further relationships of respite care in the Česká Lípa region in case of patients released from hospitals for whom a respite care is indicated, to find shortcomings of the systém and to propose optimal solutions of problems. There were two hypotheses set: H1: Sufficient respite care services are not provided to clients at weekends, H2: Consecutive respite care is not duly indicated by physicians to all clients released from hospitals who need it. The theoretical part of the thesis describes characteristics of respite care, its meaning and the process of ins development. The research was carried out trough the questioning method, using questionnaires and anasysis of documents. The other part of the thesis presents the results of performed quantitative research. These results were acquired by means of evaluation of questionnaires. The anasysis of acquired data confirmed both the supposed hypotheses. The discussion elucidates some problems related to the given theme and the conclusion of the thesis recommends some measures to improve the quality and continuity of providing the respite care services in the Česká Lípa region. The results of the thesis may inspire the existing as well as newly established respite care agencies to increase the quality of respite care.
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Use of inhalation systems with asthma in connection with nursing
KLEINOVÁ, Irena
Asthma bronchiale is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, connected to bronchial hyperactivity leading to shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness and cough. It effects people of all age categories and cannot be efficiently cured nor prevented. The incidence ranks this disease among the most common children´s chronic diseases. It affects a significant part of the global population - records say about 300 million people. Its prevalence has dramatically increased over the last 20 years. It is estimated that in 2025 about 400 million people will suffer from asthma. Cornerstones of asthma control are based on early diagnostics, efficient treatment, adherence to lifestyle changes and proper use of inhalation devices. Once the treatment is effective and check-ups and the use of inhalation therapy are regular, the prognosis of asthma is very favourable and it is possible to improve the patient´s quality of life. The control over asthma and its maintenance is the main objective of treatment. This can be achieved by using anti-inflammatory therapy, especially in inhalation form. This Bachelor´s thesis focuses on mapping inhalation systems with patients with asthma bronchiale. To a large extent it deals with the issue of use of inhalation systems, keeping to lifestyle changes and the role of the nurse in asthma-specialized outpatient´s departments. We see the relevance of this topic in the fact that, despite all available literature and medical advice, many asthmatics still make mistakes in the inhalation technique. Wrongly selected inhalation systems or wrongly selected inhalation techniques results in therapeutic failures and problems of patients get worse. This does not maintain control over asthma. The fact that many asthmatics do not know their exact diagnosis and underestimate some symptoms is very alarming. In the introduction, the theoretical part focuses on the definition of the disease. Other chapters include causes and symptoms of asthma, its classification, diagnostics and treatment. It also provides information about the treatment of acute asthma attacks - exacerbation and the role of the nurse in examination of an asthmatic patient. A great part of the thesis deals with inhalation systems, their types and effects. The preparation for the use of manual handheld inhalers and nursing care for the asthmatic patient in outpatient and inpatient care is developed at the end of the theoretical part. The objective of this part was to summarize the current knowledge about this issue. The objective of the Bachelor´s thesis was to map the use of inhalation systems in patients with asthma bronchiale. The following research questions were used: How do nurses inform patients about the use of inhalation systems? What type of inhaler do patients like? What is the nurse´s involvement in the examination of asthmatic patients? What are the most common mistakes in the application with an inhaler? How do asthmatics keep to lifestyle changes? The practical part of the thesis contains the results of qualitative research which was made on the basis of the semi-structured interview. Final interviews were transcribed and subsequently processed by the technique of open coding. The research sample was made of 12 asthmatics and 9 nurses working in selected asthma-specialized outpatient´s departments. With respect to the results found, an information brochure was created - see Annex 7 - which is intended for use by asthmatics. We believe that the results of this thesis will be helpful for asthmatics and increase the interest of experts in this issue and will also address other people willing to take part in its solution.
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Effect of peritoneal dialysis on everyday activities of people
BOŘILOVÁ, Lucie
The Paper investigates the effects that peritoneal dialysis may have on everyday lives of patients. Clients suffering the chronic renal failure multiply, and the peritoneal dialysis is the first option in line to treat the condition. Since the numbers of clients treated by peritoneal dialysis grow, nurses meet such people increasingly also outside the Dialysis Centers. The method heavily relies on nursing care. Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment intended to do the duty of kidneys instead of kidneys. It works on the principle of swapping substances between the blood and the dialyzing solution through the patient's own peritoneum. The technique of peritoneal dialysis works for patients of all ages. The clients opt for this procedure appreciating its minimal requirements for technical skills, the possibility of home treatment, and the avoidance of commuting and the stress of frequent visits to health-care facilities. The method makes the patients feel more independent, self-reliant, and gives them elbowroom for adjustments to their daily blood-cleaning schedule and other activities. The "cure" itself is applied by the clients, and the clients have to demonstrate a degree of responsibility. The Paper was to make an inquiry into the issues of peritoneal dialysis. It should communicate the main information on peritoneal dialysis to nurses, and help the clients make a decision on the method of treatment.
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Physical activity after the renal transplantation
Sýsová, Alena ; Mahrová, Andrea (advisor) ; Bartůňková, Staša (referee)
Introduction: Thanks to modern medicine people with chronic forms of the diseases can live longer than before. In this work we concerned with last stage of chronical kidney dinase, which is treated by dialysis or transplantation. Succesful renal transplantation leads to significant improvement in quality of life of patients, but after transplantation there are still some risk factors, which may influence health and physical condition of men. We can eliminace these risk factors with some non-pharmacological ways, for example with intervention program of regular physical activity and special nutrition, which can help to gain and increase patient`s physical condition. The main focus of research of this thesis was to evaluate physical condition and amount of physical aktivity of 4 groups of patients, each with another intervention, after renal transplant. We used the battery of motor tests "Senior Fitness Test Manual". Aim: Analyze, how regular physical activity, special nutrition and combination of both influence physical condition of patients after renal transplant. Methods: This research work is a part of the grant project IGA MZ CR 173 (NS-10518- 3/2009). We used 21 participants selected from patients of Nephrology Clinic TC IKEM in Prague for our solution. Physical fitness testing was performed...
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The suicide, the assisted suicide and the responsibility of physicians
Popová, Ludmila ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Matějek, Jaromír (referee)
POPOVÁ, L. Suicide, Assisted Suicide, Physicians' Responsibility. Prague 2009. Thesis. Charles University in Prague. Catholic Theological Faculty. Department of Theological Ethics and Theology of Spirituality. Supervisor PhDr. Keywords: suicide, assisted suicide, responsibility, physician, patient The thesis first defines the basic terms and then describes suicide from the ethical perspective as a choice between life and death. It also shows the Christian ethics point of view. Then it focuses on the assisted suicide, which ethically relates to the topic, being a choice between life and death - but also contains suffering and pain in peoples' lives, concerning mainly ill people and dying people. Here, Christian ethics point of view is described, as well. Due to the wide scope of the topic, the following chapter specifies the relation physician-patient, looking closely at the amount of their responsibility during the treatment and at the end of the patient's life, comparing the past and present situation. Then there is a chapter on palliative care, which is, in my opinion, the right approach to the physician-patient relation in the contemporary medicine, and also a kind of a solution when discussing euthanasia or assisted suicide issues. On the basis of interviews, the last chapter takes a look at...
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A historical view of the army nurse profession.
PAVLÍKOVÁ, Andrea
The thesis deals with the profession of a military nurse. We can assert that the official study of military, non-medical health-care related qualifications and its use in practice not only for military purposes dates back to the fifties of the last century. However, women as health care professionals, consequently in uniforms, have always been an actual issue. The development of health care activities always existed, however, we must not neglect influence of scientific and medical findings. The historical timeline of development of medical care in the battle field was recorded and ranges from pre-historical healing. The way of Christian medicine was negatively influenced by the Catholic Church. The dark period of the Middle Ages had actually wrested medical performance from the hands of specialists and the suffering were left to the "tender" mercies of the priests. The following part of the thesis concerns modern medicine where enlightenment reforms were exercised. Some of the original six-month courses for military surgeons were organised in this period of time; they weretransformed into Military Surgical Academy, out of which the famous Josefinum originated. A expression of humanity which supported a form of health care of war veterans was demonstrated by constructing buildings for invalid people. The second half of the nineteenth century is characterized by the phenomenon of the presence of nuns in military hospitals. This study goes further in depth of professionally organized healthcare right in the battle field, which dates back from the era of wars in the Crimea.This stage describes the transformation of caring into nursing which requires the necessity of specialized preparation of persons providing nursing practice. In addition, Henry Dunant engraved himself into the history of the profession of a nurse, as the founder of the Red Cross, who first trained health care professionals for working within armed intentions of the state. The continuation of this action sketches out the process of providing first aid in principal armed conflicts of the twentieth century. It describes the functioning of commander operated military health service of that time. WWI drove Czech medical staff to both sides of the front where they provided medical help to the injured. Nurses of the WWII already performed their duties in uniforms as the rightful members of the army. The thesis also mentions post-war usage of military health care professionals in secret foreign missions and their specialized erudition.Last but not least, it marginally discusses contemporary possibilities of modern health care service of the Army of the Czech Republic. The goal of the endeavours of writing this thesis was to chart out clearly the development of the profession of a military nurse within the historical context, focusing mainly on women coming from Czech regions. In order to make the history background concerning specific female participants of the world war conflicts understandable to the reader, this paper reports, in broader extension, peculiar medical and nursing findings, already from the era of prehistoric civilisations. The history study method were applied for the purpose of the theoretical thesis. The methodology is based on searching, studying, sorting and the consecutive systematic objective describing of the events from the past times with the intention to propose comprehensive report on the subject given. It was necessary to study inexhaustible amount of sources to obtain awareness of historical connections. Factual information was derived by analysing of primary and mainly secondary documents. The thesis sketches out histories of military health care and the profession of a military health care professional stemmed from the exploration of appropriate written sources and conclusion of the basic findings. The intentions of the work are not only to clarify the past but also to contribute to solutions of every-day issues.
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