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The function and role of profit in the company
VRZÁKOVÁ, Tereza
To evaluate the role and importance of its profits in the corporate practice of measuring, mapping the factors affecting its size. On the basis of the financial statements of the chosen company to analyze the time evolution of the profit resp. development of it designed ratios for 3-5 years.
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Role of wetlands in water budget of landscape
Pokorný, J. ; Lhotský, R.
Wetlands are unterstood as shallow, seasonally or permanently waterlogger or flooded areas which normaly suppostr hydrophytic vegetation. Various definitions of wetlands are given. Water retention above soil surface, in wetland soil and role of wetland plants in water cycle and solar energy dissipation are briefly explained. Examples of long term monitoring water retention in a peat bog and functioning of a wetland landscape during flood are given. Role of watelands in landscape restoration is mentioned.
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The role and differences of traditional international trade centers
Plaček, Lukáš ; Sato, Alexej (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee)
The thesis discusses the differences and the role of the traditional centers of international trade. It is conducted through comparative analysis of the two ports in the open and closed economy - Rotterdam and Alexandria. In the first chapter, that is based on the theoretical and analytical frame, are specified the relevant facts and empirical findings in the field of international trade, centers of the international trade and maritime transport. The second chapter named Characterization and comparison of national economies deeper investigates the environment in which are the selected ports located. Chapter three and four deal with the Rotterdam respectively Alexandria in the detail view consisting of a historical context, profile and description of the port, the commodity structure, current development, future plans, related industrial regions and areas. The last chapter contains a comparison of the Rotterdam and Alexandria, including SWOT analysis.
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The role of polyploidisation in the evolution of the genus Chenopodium with a focus on Chenopodium quinoa
Babčanová, Natália ; Štorchová, Helena (advisor) ; Cvrčková, Fatima (referee)
Chenopodium is a cosmopolitan paraphyletic genus. Belongs to the Amaranthaceae family and the Chenopodioideae monophyletic subfamily. Diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species are found in almost all evolution branches of Chenopodioideae, in the case of Chenopodium album, different degrees of ploidy occur within a single species. The degree of ploidy is an important factor in the study of evolution and phylogenetic relationships between Chenopodium species and it also affects the speciation and morphology. The genus Chenopodium includes weeds as well as cultivated crops, such as Chenopodium quinoa, Ch. pallidicaule, Ch. ambrosioides or Swaeda foliosa. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is the best known species of the Chenopodium genus. It is an allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 36), derived from the same albeit not yet known diploid parents as a closely related tetraploid Ch. berlandieri. Some of its alleles segregate as in a functional diploid, which complicates genetic analyses and breeding efforts. This species features high genetic variability due to gene flow between weed and crop populations and some other evolution processes that are affected by polyploidy. Quinoa is referred to as a pseudocereal and it has been used as a crop in South America as early as in the Inca times. It can survive at locations unsuitable...
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The Role of Institutional Decentralization in China´s economic development
Kaše, Pavel ; Mládek, Josef (advisor) ; Řežábek, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the process of reforms of Chinese institutional environment since 1978. The first part deals with the definition of quality institutional environment, theoretical attitudes to the role of a government in an economical growth of a country and description of unique qualities of the Chinese economy. Next parts focus on the explanation of individual reform steps and its impacts on Chinese national economy and comparison of Chinese reforms with Vietnamese reforms as similar kinds of reforms of Southeast Asian countries. The main contribution of the thesis is an analysis of success of the Chinese institutional environment reformation that can be used as the guideline for a convenient economic policy in developing countries.
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The role of ATM in breast cancer
Soukupová, Jana ; Pohlreich, Petr (advisor) ; Souček, Pavel (referee) ; Foretová, Lenka (referee)
Incidence of breast cancer is continuously increasing in the Czech Republic. Tumor development is a result of gene alterations'accumulation, particulary associated with genes involved in regulation of cell growth and division. Hereditary carcinomas account for approximately 5-10% of all breast tumors and in 60-80% cases are caused by a germline mutation in the major predisposition genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Nevertheless, other genes, mostly of lower penetrance, may play a role in breast pathogenesis such as the ATM tumor-suppressor gene. ATM is the apex of the repair pathway of DSB. This protein kinase activates through phosphorylation of its substrates cell cycle checkpoints, which leads either to the delay of the cell cycle progression until DSB are repaired or to the promotion of apoptosis. To sum up, the ATM gene seems to have a role in breast cancer development in a minority of the high-risk families in our population which is significantly lower compared to BRCA1/2 and it also seems to be involved in pathogenesis of sporadic breast cancer. Despite the ATM gene's length, we do not perform the preventive screening of this gene in breast cancer high-risk families. Nevertheless, we offer the molecular diagnostics of ATM to ataxia telangiectasia patients.
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Importance of Transport Proteins and Biotransformation Enzymes for Defending Role of the Placenta
Vacková, Zuzana ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Trejtnar, František (referee) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee)
Placenta is a unique organ which ensures a number of vital functions necessary for normal course of pregnancy and development of a new individual. In addition to its main function of oxygen supply and nutrient and waste product exchange, placenta also serves as an endocrine, metabolic and protective organ. Placenta is considered to be one of the physiological barriers of the organism which regulates transport of both endogenous and exogenous compounds between two compartments - maternal and fetal blood circulations. Up to recently, the placental barrier was supposed to be formed only by cellular layers which separate maternal and fetal blood - syncytiotrophoblast and fetal capillary endothelium. However, it has been demonstrated that the activity of placental efflux transport proteins and metabolic enzymes contributes considerably to the protective function of placental barrier. Efflux transporters are membrane proteins which actively (along with consumption of ATP) "pump" a diversity of substrates out of the cell. It has been shown that the kinetics of transport of various substances across the placenta is affected predominantly by two transporters: P-glycoprotein (P- gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Compared to these transporters, placental biotransformation enzymes are considered...
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Antibodies against sand flies saliva in domestic animals from endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis
Košťálová, Tatiana ; Volf, Petr (advisor) ; Kopecký, Jan (referee)
The main aim of this thesis was to test sera of domestic animals from endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis in north and northwest Ethiopia for antibodies against presumed vector P. orientalis salivary glands and to clarify behavior of the sand fly and the role of domestic animals in transmission of visceral leishmaniasis. Specific IgG antibodies against P. orientalis saliva were tested in dogs, cattle, goats, sheep and donkeys. Above the cut-off value there was 76 % analyzed dogs, 15 % cattle, 26 % goats, 60 % sheep and 45 % donkeys. Dogs, goats and donkeys revealed significantly higher anti-P. orientalis antibodies compared to control animals. In the case of cattle, goats and donkeys cut-off levels were very high and is questionable if observed results are relevant. Canine sera were screened also for anti-P. orientalis IgG2 and 88% of Ethiopean sera revealed significantly higher IgG2 than control sera. The next aim was to detect if canine sera from Ethiopia with anti-P. orientalis antibodies react with other bloodsucking insect saliva by using immunoblotting method. In saliva of sand fly Sergentomyia schwetzi, which is abundant in Ethiopia, canine sera reacted mostly with 36, 37 and 51 kDa proteins. Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus is cosmopolitan species and canine sera most intensely...
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The Role of Gut Microbiota and Lipopolysachaide Content of the Diet in the Development, Maturation and Function of the Immune System
Hrnčíř, Tomáš ; Tlaskalová - Hogenová, Helena (advisor) ; Prokešová, Ludmila (referee) ; Macela, Aleš (referee)
Mammals are essentially born germ-free but the epithelial surfaces are promptly colonized by astounding numbers of bacteria soon after birth. The most extensive microbial community is harboured by the distal intestine. The gut microbiota outnumbers ~10 times the total number of our somatic and germ cells. The hostmicrobiota relationship has evolved to become mutually beneficial. Studies in germfree mice have shown that gut microbiota is essential for the proper development of the immune system. The pivotal role of the innate immune system in the complex and dynamic host-microbiota interactions has become increasingly evident. The principal aims of the present study were: firstly, to determine whether LPS-rich sterile diet can promote maturation of the immune system in germ-free mice, secondly, to elucidate whether gut microbiota and LPS-rich sterile diet influence the LPS susceptibility, and finally, to investigate a role of the adaptive immunity in endotoxin shock. Our data clearly show that both live gut microbiota and LPS-rich sterile diet increase susceptibility to endotoxin shock. Further, we demonstrate that immunodeficient SCID mice, which lack mature B and T cells, are more sensitive to endotoxin shock than immunocompetent Balb/c mice. In addition, we show that not only live gut microbiota but also...
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Parallel single-cell analysis of active caspase-3/7 in apoptotic and non-apoptotic cells
Ledvina, Vojtěch ; Klepárník, Karel
Caspases are proteases that play key role in the process of apoptosis, the programmed\ncell death. Among them, caspase-3 and -7 are main executioner caspases that cleave\nmany vital proteins during apoptosis and after their widespread activation, the process\ncannot be reversed. To analyze caspase-3/7 activation within single cells, a miniaturized\ndevice for parallel analysis of eight samples was developed. The assay is based on the\nmodified luciferin-firefly luciferase bioluminescence (BL) system. Individual\nsuspended cells were collected and transferred into detection microvials using a\nmicromanipulator. The bioluminescence was detected using a photon counting head\nwith cooled photcathode. The LOD suitable for detection of active caspase-3/7 in both\napoptotic and non-apoptotic cells was reached.
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