|
Awareness of civilian population to give first aid upon occurence of emergency event
ULBRICHOVÁ, Dagmar
First aid represents the first and extremely important stage in the emergency medical procedure. The necessity to provide first aid may arise at any time as the current modern era poses numerous new risks which may cause many extraordinary events with consequences for individuals and groups of people or even for entire populations. Therefore the professional training of the population should stress first aid as it may reduce vulnerability and improve resistance of the population against extraordinary events, the number of which keeps growing. The objective of the thesis was to assess whether the civilian population is prepared to provide first aid in case of an extraordinary event. The research methods to meet the mentioned objective and to obtain the information necessary for results processing included a questionnaire and analytical examination. The questionnaire consisted of 15 previously prepared questions. The questions in the questionnaire were divided into four parts based on specific formulated objectives. The questionnaire survey was conducted in the South Bohemian region in the town of Tábor. The target group consisted of 250 respondents of both sexes, selected at random in four different age categories. The first group of respondents consisted of respondents aged 10- 20, the second category 20- 40, the third category 40- 60 and the last one consisted of respondents over 60 years of age. The preparedness of the population was examined at three levels, i.e. at the level of knowledge, level of emotions and experience level and the level of motivation. The formulated hypothesis: ?Civilian population is ready to provide first aid in agreement with applicable first aid standards? has been confirmed only partly at those three levels. The thesis also produced some secondary results concerning assessment of vulnerability and resistance of the population during the provision of first aid under extraordinary circumstances. One of the secondary outcomes was a finding that seniors seem to be by far most vulnerable and, on the contrary, the category aged 20- 40 seems to be the most resistant. Within the possibilities and scope of my thesis I have attempted to contribute to identification of important aspects that potentially influence the willingness of people to provide first aid and to highlight the importance of first aid training.
|
|
Drugs and activities that could cause danger to life, health or damage to property
HANDSCHUHOVÁ, Silvie
The objective of this thesis is to summarize the effects of drugs, especially of the cannabinoids and amphetamine type stimulants, and to analyse which of these substances leads to high-risk activities, that could endanger life, health or result in damage to property. One of these activities, an important one, is driving under the influence of drugs. Driving itself is a complex demand, involving perception, decision making, psychomotor skills, knowledge, as well as attitudes and personality characteristics. Substance use and abuse has an impact on the functioning of the brain and mental processes and therefore on the performance of the driving task. Driving under the influence of drugs is a high risk activity which endangers not only the driver but also their surroundings. In the last few years, the Czech Republic registered a rapid increase in the number of impaired drivers, namely at police check points and in car accidents. The young drivers are mostly under influence of marijuana, respectively tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Its negative effect on driving results from impaired co-ordination, slowed complex reaction time and in space and time distortion. The second group of drugs which can impair drivers is amphetamine type stimulants. Amphetamines are frequently sought by truck drivers, especially long-haul drivers, in Western Europe for its stimulative effects. In the Czech Republic the methamphetamine, Pervitin, is much more common. Intoxication is characterized by increased wakefulness, increased physical activity, increased respiration, rapid heart rate and an irregular heartbeat. The risk factors for driving are a lack of concentration and an overestimation of one{\crq}s own capabilities. After the acute phase of intoxication subsides, fatigue or states of narcolepsy may occur. Another amphetamine-based drug is methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA or Ecstasy. This synthetic substance, chemically related to mescaline, is dangerous due to its ability to regulate body temperature. On rare but unpredictable occasions, this can lead to sharp hyperthermia, resulting in liver, kidney and cardiovascular system failure, and death. It can also cause hallucinations. All common drugs are easily detectable with ``drug test-cards{\crqq}, which are used during police checks around the the world. The Czech Republic is currently testing their utilization and is preparing legislation accordingly. Utilization of these tests during random checks could help to decrease the number of fatal road accidents and could help to decrease the number of impaired drivers on the roads.
|
|
Epidemiology of tuberculosis - reaction on vaccine BCG
FOŠUM, Pavel
Epidemiology of tuberculosis-reaction to BCG vaccine World Health Organization records nine million people worldwide who fall ill with tuberculosis and more than three million who die of this disease a year. Tuberculosis has been known for a long time and despite the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis etiological role by Robert Koch, the invention of RTG diagnostics by Roentgen and effective treatment using antibiotics by Waksman as the first, this disease still represents a considerable risk for society. Prevention using BCG vaccine has positive as well as negative aspects. This thesis is focused on describing newborn vaccination coverage, occurrence and duration of side and adverse effects after the application of BCG vaccine during the first days of life and on the influence on the following compulsory vaccination. We used the method of quantitative research in the form of epidemiology descriptive study using the technique of individual data collection and analysis. As a research area the group of children born in 2004, 2005, and 2006 was used. The group of 804 children (410 boys and 393 girls) was selected by the technique of random cluster sampling. We found out that out of 804 respondents 98.6 % were vaccinated with BCG vaccine. The group of 11 children was not vaccinated due to: HBsAg positivity of mother, low birth weight or health problems. Reaction after BCG vaccination was not healed until the next planed shot in 307 children (38.1 %). There were 4 people with no reaction at all to BCG (0.8%). The most frequent side (adverse) reaction after vaccination was scar unhealed at the time of next planed vaccination in 274 cases, (34.1%). Monoreactions accounted for more than a half of recorded reactions. Reaction time period was in the range from 11 to 300 days. Median of reaction time period was 30 days. We did not find any serious adverse reaction. Our research demonstrated, that frequency of side and adverse reactions after BCG vaccination is high (38.1 %). These are mainly benign side effects. We found that these reactions lead to postponing of the subsequent vaccination of the compulsory vaccination scheme in all who reacted to BCG vaccination. The occurrence of side reactions after BCG vaccine raises the question of appropriateness to carry out the BCG vaccination in first days of life. The results of this thesis can be used as a pilot study for the whole country study of mapping side and adverse reactions and further consideration of compulsory vaccination scheme.
|
|
The Physical activity in vegetarian women
KOVAŘÍKOVÁ, Štěpánka
The thesis titled The Physical activity in vegetarian women consists of two parts. The first, theoretical part is devoted mainly vegetarianism as such. There clarify the concept of vegetarianism, its distribution and nutritional aspects of a vegetarian diet with regular physical activity. Further topics are about physical activity recommendations for adults in the Czech Republic and in the global context. There are also benefits of human walk. The second part of the thesis deals with research of the issue. There is solved the question of vegetarianism and its potential impact on increasing the level of physical activity among women. To find answers was elected the research group of thirty vegetarian women and a control group of thirty women eating in the usual way in a similar age variance. Comparison of these two specific groups of women took place within the gained data from an international survey of PA IPAQ-long and weekly monitoring using pedometers six months in repetition. Based on the results wasn´t recorded demonstrable evidence that vegetarianism affecting the increase in the physical activity compared with the population eating in the conventional way.
|
|
Influence of sensomotoric stimulation on flat foot in preschool-aged children
Řehůřková, Markéta ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Maršáková, Kateřina (referee)
Title: The effect of sensomotoric stimulation on flat foot of children Introduction: Flat foot is a common health problem in childhood. Its development is related to congenital or acquired dysfunction of the plantar vault. There is no single opinion on the criteria for diagnosis and therapy forms. The aftereffects and health risks of flat foot are often neglected. The therapy form of sensomotoric stimulation, including balance exercises and walking barefoot over different surfaces, could be an appropriate part of the physical activities and games for children in kindergarten. Objectives: The main objective of this thesis was to compare foot prints of a group of children from one kindergarten class before and after six months of sensomotoric stimulation by three different methods (the Chippaux-Šmiřák method, the Godunov-Sztriter method and the Mayer method.). The second objective was to determine at what age category will be the highest prevalence of flat feet and also at what age group is the biggest improvement of the foot arch. The third objective was to compare each other method and determine whether the results will match. Hypothesis 1: After six months of sensomotoric stimulation of the feet of children occurs in the majority of feet of probands the improvement of the longitudinal foot arch...
|
|
Determinants of Changes in Volume and Structure of Municipal Expenditures
KANOVOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis is divided into several sections the first section deals with aggregate data about the amount, dynamic and structure of municipal expenditures and the second section is focused on determinants which influence the amount and dynamic of municipal expenditures. In this thesis there is operated with data from years 2001-2013. In the first part of practical part there were used all municipalities which existed in 2001-2013; in the second part there were used 6 236 municipalities in the Czech Republic. Expenditures were grouped into several expenditure areas according to types and then also according to lines. It has been found out 17 determinants which could influence municipal expenditures. Relations between the explained variable (individual expenditure areas of municipalities) and explanatory variables (individual determi-nants) have been determined by using analysis of panel data (random effects model). It has been found out that municipal expenditures are influenced mainly by: jurisdiction of the municipality to a certain region, scope of delegated powers of municipalities, years of elections to municipal councils, existence of allowance organization or legal entity, population density of the municipality, built-up area of the municipality and the number of children and pupils at schools which were set up by municipalities.
|
|
Utilization of the method Propriofoot concept in kinezioteraphy
BARTOŠOVÁ, Iva
This bachelor thesis focuses on possible engagement of Propriofoot concept? method in kineziology. Propriofoot is a balance aid which uses several types of unstable flats for therapy of leg disorder. These flats are for humans the only link between the inner environment of organism and the surface they walk on. Subsequently, the information about the quality of sole contact with the surface is collected by the so called proprioceptors, which forward the acquired information further on to the brain for processing. Theoretical part of this thesis deals with base anatomy of a leg, proprioception and Propriofoot concept? method. The aid in question is described here and so are the principles of its use. Further chapters of this part then focus on sole functions and on patology of a leg. Practical part was based on a qualitative research. The information was gained at the first meeting, when aspect and specific tests were used. Then the acquired data were entered in the introductory kineziology analysis. An integral part of the data collection was an informal introductory and final interview with the probands discussing their subjective feelings before and after the series of therapy. All data were taken again at the last meeting and afterwards compared with the first ones. The research was performed for the time span of two months on a group of four probands, men and women evenly. In the research file there were patients having different leg patology, being of different age, some of them doing sport actively, some not at all. A specific set of exercise tailored to their problem was created for each patient. All respondents were instructed about the principles of exercise on balance aid at the first therapy. Moreover, the signed agreement giving consent to the research and to the acquired data being processed for my bachelor thesis. All respondents showed slight improvement in posture and overall stability. Furthermore, thanks to the exercises, their leg-joint stability and muscle strength had increased. This thesis could be later on used as a reference material, when taking exercise with active sportsmen or people with unstable leg-joints, bad posture or even those suffering from post-traumatic problems with leg-joints. Therefore, information presented in my thesis could be suitable for physiotherapists, trainers, as well as for full-time or part-time sportsmen.
|
|
Knowledge of population in a selected region about the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident consequences
PRAŽÁK, Marek
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster of April 26, 1986 is the worst nuclear accident in the history of mankind. An experiment conducted in the 4th reactor resulted in its explosion and a huge amount of radionuclides escaped into the environment in the course of the subsequent fire. The greater part of Europe was contaminated by radioactive fallout, including the former Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. From a health point of view, the most harmful radioactive substances causing radioactive contamination were caesium 137Cs and iodine 131I. The then government did not provide objective and true information to the citizens and the media depicted the disaster as an insignificant incident. I set the following goals of my thesis: a) to develop an overview of immediate and especially long-term consequences of the accident; b) to analyse the knowledge of the population of the South Bohemian Region of the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster depending on the age of respondents. For fulfilling the set goals, I set myself the following hypotheses: H1) the theoretical division of the population's knowledge will be normal; H2) the knowledge of persons over 45 years of age will statistically be significantly higher than that of younger people. I handled the given theme using available specialized literature, Internet sources and publications published by relevant institutions. In the introductory part I describe the construction of the power plant, basic technical parameters of the reactor used and the course and causes of the actual accident. The next section is focused on the consequences of the accident in individual time periods immediately, after 10 years and after 20 years. I devote myself both to influences on human lives and health and to environmental, social, economic and psychological consequences. Furthermore,I describe the situation in former Czechoslovakia and the way of informing the population by the then government. The last section of the theoretical part is dedicated to the present situation in the Chernobyl region and at the power plant itself. While compiling the research part of the thesis, I gathered data among the inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region through questionnaire investigation. I addressed a total of 280 respondents, of which 140 were under 45 years of age and 140 were over 45 years of age. The questionnaire contained 15 questions concerning basic, not professional knowledge in this area. For the purposes of my questionnaire investigation, I divided the South Bohemian Region into districts. The selection of individual towns within the framework of the questionnaire investigation was carried out at random, by drawing lots. 280 questionnaires were completed in all, of which 140 questionnaires were completed by respondents under 45 and 140 questionnaires were completed by respondents over 45. By drawing lots, I selected 100 questionnaires out of these completed questionnaires, each age group being included. The test of the set hypotheses and statistical evaluation are carried out using descriptive and mathematical statistics. I carried out statistical evaluation by testing normality, using X2-good agreement test. I mutually compared the knowledge of the groups monitored by testing using a two-sample t-test, based on the estimate of empirical parameters from each group. Based on statistical investigation I came to the conclusion that the division of the population's theoretical knowledge was normal, which confirms the first hypothesis. The results of the investigation also unambiguously confirmed the fact that the knowledge of the population over 45 years of age was statistically significantly higher than the knowledge of the younger group of respondents. As far as total evaluation is concerned, the average value of correct answers in case of the older group of respondents reached 71%, while the younger group showed just 44% of correct answers, which confirms the second se hypothesis.
|
|
Physical activity as a primary prevention for selected civilization diseases
DIVÁCKÝ, Jan
The content of the bachelor thesis is to outline the importance of physical activities in a primary prevention of lifestyle diseases, and emphasize the implementation of these activities as a part of a healthy lifestyle. Increased prevalence of lifestyle diseases is linked to our way of life, among which there are an excessive food intake and a reduced physical activity. Physical activities in the appropriate volume positively affect levels of HDL cholesterol, reduce the risk of colon cancer, the type 2 diabetes or hypertension, help to keep one´s body weight, increase cardiorespiratory endurance, which forestalls heart disease, circulatory and respiratory systems diseases. The most common cause of the morbidity and mortality in most European countries including the CR represents cardiovascular disease. Physical activities in addition to the primary prevention have an important benefit in the treatment, thus the tertiary prevention of the cardiovascular disease. The first objective of this study was to determine what physical activities are carried out by individuals with cardiovascular disease. The most common form of physical activity in this group of people is walking: 26 (39%) men and 22 (48%) women. At the first set target H1 binds: People with cardiovascular disease are not involved in physical activities (H0). This hypothesis was rejected by testing at a significance level alfa = 0.05 by the chi-square test. Performing physical activity primarily affects the goal you want to achieve. To keep health benefits we must abide the FITT principle. People with CVD are especially recommended a long- term physical activity (walking, nordic walking, cycling, swimming, home trainer), performed regularly with a frequency of 3-5 times per week, for at least 30 minutes, which should not exceed the intensity of 60-80 % of the maximum heart rate or 6 METs. Physical activities need not be carried out once, but may be divided into more time intervals during the day. The second objective was to determine what knowledge the individuals with cardiovascular disease have of the possibility of appropriate physical activities. To which followed H2: People with cardiovascular disease are educated about the characteristics of appropriate physical activities. To determine the appropriate knowledge of the possibilities of physical activities I have included 6 survey questions. I determined the erudition/education by reaching 4 points or more for at least 70 % of patients (H0). The value of p = 0.00 <0.05, therefore we reject (H0) that people with cardiovascular disease are educated about the characteristics of appropriate physical activities (70% share of the educated), and accept the alternative hypothesis that people with cardiovascular disease are not educated about the characteristics of suitable motion activities (HA). The proportion of the educated person is not expected (70 %), it is significantly higher, patients are more educated than it was expected (86%). In the summary, the people with CVD perform most outdoor physical activities in the form of walking, while the men prefer a higher frequency of 3-4 times a week and women 1-2 times per week. Time spent on physical activities by both sexes mostly ranged between 20 to 30 minutes a day of moderate intensity. Compared with the recommendations, the volume of PA research sample is sufficient, just weekly rate for women should be the same as for men. If you keep the current level of physical activity, it should individually lead to keeping the current health parameters considering the higher average age (63.7 years) and the disposition of the respondents. The results of this study may contribute to understanding the importance of physical activities in the prevention of lifestyle diseases, thereby affecting behavior and lifestyle of risk groups (sedentary people, children and youth, seniors).
|
|
Automatic Selection of Representative Pictures
Bartoš, Peter ; Svoboda, Pavel (referee) ; Polok, Lukáš (advisor)
There are billions of photos on the internet and as the size of these digital repositories grows, finding target picture becomes more and more difficult. To increase the informational quality of photo albums we propose a new method that selects representative pictures from a group of photographs using computer vision algorithms. The aim of this study is to analyze the issues about image features, image similarity, object clustering and examine the specific characteristics of photographs. Tests show that there is no universal image descriptor that can easily simulate the process of clustering performed by human vision. The thesis proposes a hybrid algorithm that combines the advantages of selected features together using a specialized multiple-step clustering algorithm. The key idea of the process is that the frequently photographed objects are more likely to be representative. Thus, with a random selection from the largest photo clusters certain representative photos are obtained. This selection is further enhanced on the basis of optimization, where photos with better photographic properties are being preferred.
|
guest ::
