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The role of a nurse concerning subsequent care of a patient after reimplantation of total hip joint endoprosthesis.
KLAPAČOVÁ, Kateřina
The topic of my Dissertation is a role of a nurse in subsequent care at a patient after reimplantation of a total coxe endoprosthesis. The aim of this Dissertation is to find whether nurses provide patients with specific (medical) intervention (after reimplantation of a total coxe endoprosthesis) according to the diagnosis for care or in a standard way according to the performed act. Another aim was to find specific needs of patients (after reimplantation of total coxe endoprosthesis) and to create a plan of care, as possible. The last aim is to find whether patients after reimplantation of a total coxa endoprosthesis are provided with sufficient information about prevention of possible complications.To gain the necessary data, quantity research in combination with quality one was carried out. The hypothesis that nurses provide nursing intervention in a standard way, no matter if patients are after a primary implantation of a total coxa endoprosthesis or after a reimplantation of a total coxa endoprosthesis, was not proved. The other hypothesis, that nurses does not differ nursing care of clients after a reimplantation of a total coxa endoprosthesis from nursing care of clients after a primary implantation of a total coxa endoprosthesis, was not proved.
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Immunological profile of patients with multiple sclerosis
Šubjak, David ; Fišerová, Anna (advisor) ; Růžičková, Šárka (referee)
Immunological profile of multiple sclerosis patients Abstrakt Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease affecting predominantly the white matter of the CNS and the spinal cord. The mechanism of disease progression is not yet fully understood. In this study we focused on a comparison of selected immunological markers between patients with multiple sclerosis who were naïve newly diagnosed, subsequently treated with Avonex (IFNβ1a) and healthy donors. The T cells (particulary cytotoxic CD8+ T cells) are the major population involved in pathogenesis of MS causing the demyelization of axons. Subpopulation of CD161+ Th cells has a potential to be very important in this process. We focused on the role of NK cells phenotype and function in autoimmune response of patients and their changes during the therapeutic intervention. Using flow cytometry we analyzed the distribution of NK, NKT, T cells and monocytes with special regard to the expression of CD161 and NKG2D molecules on their surface. We observed increase counts of CD161+ cells in subpopulations NK CD56bright , NK CD56dim , Th, Tc CD8bright , Tc CD8dim and decrease counts of NKG2D+ cells in subpopulations NK CD56bright , NK CD56dim , NKT, Th, Tc CD8bright , Tc CD8dim and monocytes. The decreased cytotoxic activity of NK cells in naïve MS...
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Neurofibromatosis type 1 and NF1 germline mutations in Czech patients
Bendová, Šárka ; Křepelová, Anna (advisor) ; Kleibl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kadlecová, Jitka (referee)
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1, MIM 162200) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting about 1 of 3000 live births, involving many cell types and organs, and associated with an increased risk of malignancy, predominantly of the central and peripheral nervous system 1. Tumour development is caused by inactivation of the NF1 tumour suppressor gene and subsequent cell cycle deregulation 2. Mutational analysis of NF1 is a challenge due to the presence of pseudogenes, large size of the gene, lack of mutational hotspots, and occurrence of a very diverse spectrum of mutations. There is no clear-cut genotype-phenotype correlation allowing accurate prediction of severity of the disorder. Only two mutations have been associated with a particular NF1 phenotype 3,4. This PhD thesis is composed of six publications dealing with NF1. Publications 1 and 6 are focused on NF1 mutation analysis in 67 patients from the Czech Republic. Genotypes and spectra of causal mutations are presented together with phenotypes of the patients and comparison of efficiency of various methods. Sporadic or familial cases with known germline mutation were distinguished by mutational analysis of other family members. This led to a hypothesis that the incidence of sporadic cases could had been overestimated in the past because of overlooked...
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Phobic postural vertigo
Stehlíková, Mariana ; Truc, Michal (advisor) ; Černý, Rudolf (referee)
Phobic postural vertigo (PPV) is the second most common cause of vertigo. It belongs to the group of somatoform disorders. However independent of the gender, this disorder depends on the patient's psychical condition. This affects both the types of complaints and the consequent treatment and prognosis. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the findings concerning Phobic postural vertigo, to explain its principle and systematisation and to propose a therapeutic plan. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Laser cooling of the trapped ions for frequency and time metrology
Číp, Ondřej ; Pham, Minh Tuan ; Čížek, Martin ; Lešundák, Adam ; Hucl, Václav ; Hrabina, Jan ; Řeřucha, Šimon ; Jedlička, Petr ; Lazar, Josef
In the laser cooled trapped ions field current research is oriented to yield isolated ions in their basic state of the motion. The detection of the Doppler cooled iont excitation to its quadrupole transition of the electronic structure gives the opportuniny to stabilize highly coherent lasers of the optical frequency of the hundreds of THz. This way a new standart of the time or optical frequencies called „Optical atomic clock“ can be defined. Institute of the Scientific Instruments in Brno in the cooperation with the Department of the Optics of the Palacky University in Olomouc implemented a unique research infrastructure for laser cooling of 40Ca+ ions and subsequent experiments of the quantum mechanics and spectroscopy in a joint laboratory in Brno. Currently 40Ca+ ions are routinely generated and captured. The Doppler cooling of those ions is performed using dipole transition at a wavelength of the 397 nm. Also detection and spectroscopy of the electronic structure of the ion and the presence of his dark resonances is implemented.\n
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A nursing issue: peripheral venous catheter
TOMÁNKOVÁ NOVÁKOVÁ, Monika
Peripheral venous catheter is used to access the venous system. It is one of the most commonly used invasive procedures in health care facilities. This procedure falls within the competence and daily tasks of nurses. Therefore this type of nursing care is susceptible to risk of proceeding routinely which might result in conscious or unconscious errors. Peripheral venous catheter needs to be introduced into the patient's vein in the following cases: planned parenteral nutrition, infusion or transfusion therapy, application of intravascular medication or contrast media, rehydration, blood sampling (which can be performed immediately after introducing the peripheral venous catheter and before administrating medication) and also during an emergency care for critically ill (such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation). Nurses should be as knowledgeable as possible about this issue so that the peripheral venous catheter can be introduced well and fulfil its purpose. It is important to ensure that nurses obtain all the necessary information about their patients before inserting the catheter and that they are able to properly inform the patients about the procedure and to communicate with them. Next, nurses should be familiar with the correct procedure for inserting catheters, they should be informed about possible contraindications and know how to choose the correct type of catheter as well as where to place it. Furthermore, nurses should care for this vascular access correctly and provide the patient with enough information about taking care of the catheter after the procedure. Finally, nurses should be aware of their own potential errors and also of possible complications. Therefore they should employ aseptic technique so that they can eliminate nosocomial infections. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part focuses on the history of peripheral venous catheters and their types, indications and contraindications, necessary equipment, nursing care, complications, etc. The empirical part consists of a research. The aim of the thesis was to map the use of peripheral venous catheters in hospitals as well as to identify factors that may lead to problems among the patients with peripheral venous catheters. Four research questions were assigned to these aims. 1. What is the procedure prior to inserting a peripheral venous catheter? 2. What are the standards of caring for patients with an inserted peripheral venous catheter? 3. In which steps of caring for peripheral venous catheters do the nurses lack knowledge? What equipment do the nurses prepare in order to insert a peripheral venous catheter? The Bachelor's thesis was conducted using a qualitative research survey. The methods of collecting data included semi-structured interviews and participant observations. The research was carried out only in one hospital ward and it was anonymous. First, the data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview. The nurses were asked 14 questions (see Appendix 8). During this interview, several more subquestions were added. The results of the interviews were then grouped into several categories for the sake of clarity. The second method of collecting data was participant observation. The observed facts were recorded into an observation sheet (see Appendix 9). The same nurses who were interviewed were also observed. This Bachelor's thesis has been written in order to provide a basic overview of the peripheral venous catheters. It could be used as an information source for more experienced as well as novice nurses. The practical output of this Bachelor's thesis is a nursing care standard concerning peripheral venous catheters. This standard was missing in the hospital ward and could help the nurses to take care of these vascular accesses, to proceed correctly and eliminate possible errors (see Appendix10).
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Role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly.
VRZALOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with problems of depression in older people. Mainly the work is focused on identifying and analyzing the role of nurses in screening for depression in older people in primary care, acute care, long-term care and home care. This thesis was focused on theoretical direction and was used the method of design and demonstration. In this thesis was set one main goals with five research questions. The main goal was to identify and analyze the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly. RQ 1: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 2: What is the role of the nurse in the primary care in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 3: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in hospitalized patients in acute care? RQ 4: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in seniors in long-term and home care? RQ 5: What rating scales and methods are used in screening for depression in the elderly? The thesis introduce the concept of depression. The following are specified the causes of and the important factors that affect depression in the elderly. It also deals the differences in the clinical symptomatology of depression in old age. It explains possibilities and various barriers in the diagnosis of depression. Another chapter introduces complete geriatric examination, diagnostic classification systems, possible screening methods and scales for detection of depression in the elderly population. It also deals methods of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and its possible complications associated with older age. By reason of increased suicide rate caused by depressive disorder the issue of suicidal behavior in the elderly is introduced. The next chapter deals with the nursing process, which is used by nurses in practice. It consists of the evaluation of the patient's health condition, making nursing diagnosis, creating nursing plan and subsequent implementation and evaluation. The nursing process is also needy for providing quality care. The nursing process in the stage of nursing diagnosis, introduces possible nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering from depression, which are based on the latest classification. Finally is described the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly in different health facilities and their contribution to the timely evaluation of depression in the elderly. This chapter introduces the role of nurses, nursing screening and collaboration with a physician. The role of nurses in screening for depression in different medical facilities is based on the first phase of the nursing process of assessment. On the basis of objective and subjective information, the nurse will assess the overall health and mental condition of the patient. Primarily, it was investigated what is the role of the nurse in screening for depression. On the basis of content analysis and synthesis it was necessary to used and processed domestic and foreign literature. A number of relevant sources are the results of various studies and Meta-analyzes, mostly from abroad, but also from the Czech Republic. The thesis can serve as a basis for nurses. The result of this thesis is to create e-learning material available for students in the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice in the tutorial called Moodle.
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Need of seniors
Kochanová, Milada ; Pánková, Jitka (advisor) ; Vaňková, Dana (referee) ; Jurašková, Božena (referee)
The aim of this bachelor work is to find out the difference in the satisfaction of needs amongst in-house senior patients and external, or living at home seniors. The theory part explains the term of needs, it divides them into lower and higher needs. It analyses physical indications of old age and the relationship between medical and social old age. It mentions hospitalism and syndrome of being immobilised. The practical part presents quantitavie research using questionnaires methods. The analysed sample was made up of seniors in "Oddělení následné péče" in Frýdlant and seniors living in "Domov U Spasitele" also in Frýdlant. All findings are present using graphs and charts. The summary and recommendation for nursing practis can be found in the discussion part.
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Comparison of noradrenalin medication during cardio surgeries using extracorporeal circulation
Samková, Markéta ; Špunda, Miloslav (advisor) ; Mašín, Jaroslav (referee)
The theme of this thesis is a comparison of two methods of medication a noradrenalin hormone during surgeries using extracorporeal circulation. Both of these methods - continuous and bolus medication are common used in praxis to regulate blood pressure, but it is not uniquely determined which one is more convenient. The thesis has two parts - theoretical and practical research. The theoretical part is concerned with the brief description of extracorporeal circulation technique, including its connection, conduct, anatomical and physiological description of affection of blood pressure and influence of extracorporeal circulation over natural regulation mechanisms. The practical part is concerned with methodical description of the research, description of used tools and statistic evaluation of two groups of patients (each group was medicated via different method - continuous and bolus). The goal of this thesis is to discover, if any of these two methods of controlling the blood pressure is not more convenient regarding the after surgery keeping vasomotoric tonus and the length of convalescence.
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