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Invasive fish species in the Czech Republic
Lusk, Stanislav ; Lusková, Věra
In the Czech Republic, the following fish species are evaluated as invasive: Carassius auratus, a species showing a significantly negative influence on the occurrence of native species Carassius carassius and Tinca tinca in natural habitats. Certain manifestations and properties (such as the invasive way of dispersal, numerous populations, great ecological tolerance etc.) typical of invasive species can also be seen in Pseudorasbora parva, Ameiurus nebulosus, and Proterorhinus marmoratus. In some of its manifestations, even Cteropharyngodon idella can affect biodiversity in a negative way. One cannot exclude the future invasion or introduction of any alien species evaluated as invasive, particularly those of the genus Neogobius that occur in the Slovakian part of the Danube, and Perccottus glenii that has already invaded the Tisza River drainage area and the lower part of the Danube.
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Intraspecific diversity in the ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic, its knowledge and protection
Lusk, Stanislav ; Lusková, Věra
At present, 48 fish and 2 lamprey species occur in the waters of the Czech Republic. Of these, 22 fish species are protected by law all over the country or locally, the protection of 3 fish and 2 lamprey species is conditional. For the time being, there are no legal means to protect their intraspecific (genetic) diversity. In this point, one can only utilise certain indirect measures that follow from the limits pertaining to endangered species. The available knowledge of intraspecific diversity of the fish fauna in the Czech republic is fragmentary an incoherent. That is one of the causes of the absence of legislative means to protect the intraspecific diversity. In addition, the apprehension of this phenomenon by the piscatorial public is insufficient although this diversity is the most endangered by the very fishery management. Increased research and knowledge of the intraspecific diversity of particular species is inevitable as the basis for its conservation.
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Genus Cyprinus Linnaeus, 1758 - actual review on species diversity
Baruš, Vlastimil ; Peňáz, Milan ; Prokeš, Miroslav
In the genus carp (Cyprinus) is included currently 22 taxons in species levels and his fission into two subgenus: Cyprinus s. str. (with 17 species) and Mesocyprinus (with 5 species). Typical taxon on first subgenus Cyprinus (C.) carpio evaluate as a polytypical (with 4 subspecies). From 17 species of subgenus Cyprinus are 8 endemics only in Chinese province Yunnan (=Jünan), 1 species (C. qionghaiensis) province Sechwan, 1 species (C. acutidorsalis) on island Hainan, 5 species in northern as far as middle Vietnam and 1 species (C. intha) in Burma. Geographical distribution of 4 subspecies (C. carpio) is conformable with former views (Kirpichnikov 1967) and number of 2 - 3 domestication centres (Baruš et al. 2002). In subgenus Mesocyprinus registered species are Chinese faunistic elements with C. multitaeniata, that the was ascertained also in northern Vietnam.
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The natural seasonal changes in the food choice and digestive tract of wild ruminants
Kamler, Jiří ; Homolka, Miloslav
Herbivore populations all over Europe have been strongly influenced by human activities. A combination of harvest, changes in forest structure, supplementary feeding, predator extirpation and others factors have led in most cases to increases of their populations and a severe impact on the composition and structure of the forest vegetation. The food choice of free living ungulate species is strongly influenced by season and animal species and changes in diet composition and quality cause the changes in the digestive tract. Effective management of ungulate populations and forest ecosystems should be based not only on detailed information about the impact of deer browsing and the number of deer to harvest but also on the density of deer species, the food supply, the structure of diets consumed by individual species, attraction and quality of the individual components of food supply the total quality of food taken and seasonal changes in digestive tract.
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Population structure of flower chafer Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761) and phylogeny of the genus Oxythyrea Mulsant, 1842
Vondráček, Dominik ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Bezděk, Aleš (referee)
Eleven species are distinguished in the genus Oxythyrea Mulsant, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) nowadays. They are not divided into subspecies. Diversity of the genus is concentrated in the Mediterranean and Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761) inhabit a wide area in the western Palearctic Region. It was observed in last decades, that O. funesta retreated from central Europe to south and then recolonized it back including new areas in northern regions. Master thesis is focused on resolving population structure of O. funesta and partial phylogeny of the genus Oxythyrea using molecular genetic methods. 145 individuals of O. funesta and 15 individuals of five other species of the genus Oxythyrea appear in analysis. We acquired sequences of mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I (807 bp), cytochrome b (381 bp) and nuclear gene internal transcribed spacer 1 (946 bp) from these specimens. The results of phylogenetic analysis confirmed so far the only one existing interpretation of relationships within the genus Oxythyrea based on morphological data. We also confirmed complicated relationships between O. funesta and O. pantherina, which also appear in the historical development of their taxonomy. We detected different genetic lineage in Sicily, southern Italy and Tunisia using phylogenetic trees and haplotype...
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The wood plants in the mown meadow: the analysis of morphology, age, growth and surviving of woody plants on species-rich meadows in the White Carpathian. Bc. Thesis, in Czech.
MAZŮREK, Petr
This study deals with the presence of woody species in species-rich, savanna-like meadows (with scattered Quercus spp. trees) in National Nature Reserve of Čertoryje, Bílé Karpaty Mts., SE Czech Republic. The first part is a community-oriented study of variation of woody species composition on meadows with different land-use management (regularly mown, recultivated,abandoned etc.). Indirect ordination analysis (DCA) was used to relate woody species composition to land-use history (seven meadow types) and species composition of the surrounding vegetation. Further, attempts were made to explain the occurrence and survival of woody species by their life-history traits (root:shoot ratio, regeneration ability after mowing etc). The second part of the thesis tries to identify the most prominent climatic factors affecting the growth of two common oak species in Čertoryje (1) by establishing the mean relationships between tree ring residual chronology and climate through bootstrap moving correlation and response-function analysis, and (2) by distinguishing ``pointer years{\crqq}, which correspond to abrupt changes in growth pattern and reveal the tree-growth response to extreme climatic events, such as summer drought. Since the oaks are ring porous species with abrupt transition between earlywood and latewood, both parameters were measured and used to obtain subseasonal climatic information.
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Sukcese hmyzenek (Protura) a vidličnatek (Diplura) na haldách chemické továrny
Rusek, Josef
Primary succession of Protura and Diplura was studied on deposits of a former chemical factory at Petrovice u Karviné, NE Moravia, Czech Republic, in 1978-1979, 1993 and in 2002-2004. Chemically loaded deposits were 15, 25 and 60 years old in 1979 and a primary succession without plant re-cultivation took place there. The succession was delayed on small humps and slopes where the deposited substrate was covered by terrestrial algae, lichens and mosses. Protura did not enter the primary succession before a moss cover occurred on the 15 years old heap and they were represented only by .i.Acerentulus traegardhi./i.. Three species of Protura were established in the 20 years old grass-covered stage as well as on the 49 years old heap. They occurred in low densities up to the 74 years old stage (and older), in which a proturan community of 4-6 species was established.
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