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Možnosti volnočasových aktivit žáků střední školy
Kalvodová, Petra
The bachelor thesis deals with the leisure activities of secondary school pupils. Final thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The objective of the theoretical part consists in defining the key theoretical concepts that relate to given topic. Written document forms part of the general characteristics of free time, features and aspects of leisure time, including barriers experiencing free time secondary school students, complemented by a brief development of leisure education. The theoretical part includes the use of appropriate methods as the study of professional literature sources, production of extracts and their analysis, synthesis and comparison. The objective of the practical part is the revelation of the current ratio of minors to the use of leisure time, implemented through a questionnaire survey of students at the third and fourth year at selected secondary schools. The observed data are evaluated by simple statistical methods, shown by graphs and tables. The results are used to capture the benefits of leisure activities conducted for students, approach range of activities, an explanation of respondent participation in specific activities.
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Dietary supplements in sport nutrition
BOČAN, David
Thesis deals with dietary supplements and their use by amateurs and professionals.The theoretical part is in the 1st part devoted to supplements and their legislation,forms and division.To the 2nd part was selected substances used by athletes and further discussed in terms of their function and effects on the organism.Within the general information was drafted in the 3rd part risks related to the use of dietary supplements due to wrong dosage or concentration and the issue of doping. Research was conducted through a questionnaire survey among professionals and amateurs.Questionnaire was created on the server google.cz and distributed in electronically and printed form.Respondents were south in several ways.There were used personal contacts and sending questionnaires to sport clubs.Research group contained 166 respondents-83 amateurs and 83 professionals.For evaluation were used basic statistical tests-pivot tables and chi-square test.The processing of results was made in Microsoft Excel 2013. Besides aims to map the use of supplements by athletes were expressed two hypotheses. The 1st hypothesis: There are statistically significant differences in knowledge of supplements between amateur and professional athletes.The 2nd hypothesis:There are statistically significant differences in the use of supplements between amateur and professional athletes. The 1st hypothesis was rejected.There were no statistically significant differences in knowledge of supplements between amateurs and professionals.The 2nd hypothesis was dealt separately for four seasonsfor the period of preparation before exercise/after exercise and for the period of the season, again before exercise/after exercise.In periods of preparation (before and after exercise) and after exercise in the season, there were statistically significant differences in the use of supplements between amateurs and professionals. In these cases 2nd hypothesis was confirmed.In the period of seasonbefore exercise was hypothesis rejected. In this period was no statistically significant differences in the use of supplements between amateurs and professionals. In the next question they were asked about learning about supplements.Most of the information were received from teammate/colleague. In the next part were surveyed effects of various factors for the purchase of supplements on a scale of 0 points (least)-10 points (most influence). Price is a factor that rather affects athletes but more the group of amateurs.Quality has a great influence on both groups. The country of origin is a factor which has by amateurs the largest representation at the point 0. Professionals find it like rather affecting. Brand name is a factor in both groups rather affecting. The package (label) doesn't rather affects athletes,more on amateurs. Recommendations known and previous experience are important for both groups of athletes.The influence of habit is not clear, almost all points are represented by the same ratio of votes. Discount and advertising are factors that affect athletes rather not.Influence expert forums and reviews on amateurs is not clear, professionals voted the most mean value. The most common reasons for using supplements are for both groups regeneration, energy source,adding vitamins and joint nutrition.Amateurs monthly invest in the purchase of dietary supplements less (500 CZK),professionals 500 or 1000 CZK. The most preferred forms of supplements are tablets,powders,capsules and liquids,including beverages.Sticks and gels are used more by professionals. Most of respondents use supplements by recommendation exactly or rather. The most common place of purchase supplements are for professionals specialized stores and for both groups also the Internet. Thesis could serve as an information resource for athletes to clarify that dietary supplements should take depending on what they want to achieve.Also it could be used as study material for courses dealing with nutrition and sport.
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Feeding children and adolescents in children´s diagnostic institutions, children´s homes, children´s homes with school, educational institutions and the Center of Educational Care in the Hradec Králové region
ŠPAČKOVÁ, Žaneta
The topic of this thesis is ``Feeding children and adolescents in children´s diagnostic institutions, children´s homes, children´s homes with school, educational institutions and the Center of Educational Care in the Hradec Králové region. Childhood and adolescence are specific periods in which each individual undergoes significant physical, mental and social development. For healthy development and health in adulthood it is important a properly chosen alimentation. It is necessary to be aware of the fact that lifestyle and the environment affect the health status of the population by up to 60 %, 40 % of which fall on the diet. Therefore, the research part of my thesis is focused on the survey of the quality of food served to children and adolescents who are almost entirely dependent on meals prepared in canteens of children´s diagnostic institutions and institutional care and preventive educational care facilities. The aim of this thesis was to find out whether the variety of dishes served in the selected facilities corresponds to current nutrition recommendations and if the consumer basket meets requirements of the Decree No 107/2005 Coll., as amended by Decree No. 107/2008 Coll. The research was conducted by the qualitative method. To collect data on the investigated facilities the technique of data file analysis was used. The research set was composed of children´s diagnostic institutions, children´s homes, children´s homes with school, educational institutions and the Center of Educational Care in the Hradec Králové region. At random six facilities were selected. They provided me with data such as menues, issue slips and consumer baskets in the months of March, April, October and November in 2008 The obtained data were summarized in tables and graphs which provide information on the composition of meals served, on the consumer baskets composition, on ways to cover the total consumption of fruits and vegetables, the ratio in which plant and animal fats are served, the amount of sausages, smoked products and haslet in the group of meat. The management of selected food facilities will be informed about the outcomes and possible shortcomings. In the case of any identified shortcomings, changes in the diet composition or food consumption may be recommended by the Regional Hygiene station in Hradec Králové.
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Simpson's paradox
Balhar, Jan ; Komárek, Arnošt (advisor) ; Kulich, Michal (referee)
Title: Simpson's paradox Author: Jan Balhar Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: RNDr. Arnošt Komárek, Ph.D. Supervisor's e-mail address: arnost.komarek@mff.cuni.cz Abstract: In this work we deal with Simpson's paradox and its more general version, called association reversal. We present definitions of these terms and necessary and sufficient conditions for their occurrence. Due to this, we get to issue of measuring relationship between two characters in 2x2 contigency table, we specifically mention advantages of odds ratio. We also try to answer, what relationship between two characters is, in case of Simpson's paradox, the right one. When looking for answer, we find, that ordinary statistical methods are not sufficient. It is necessary to identify causal relationships between characters. Therefore we get to issue of causality definition. Finally, we present some examples of Simpson's paradox in practice. Keywords: Simpson's paradox, association reversal, confounding, causality.
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Determination of coagulation factor VIII in haemophilia A patients;Evaluation of different methods of measurement depending on the type of mutations in the gene for factor VIII.
HOUSKOVÁ, Kateřina
Hemostasis is essential to life; it is the ability of organism to stop bleeding and to maintain the fluidity of the blood in an intact vascular bed at one time. Factor VIII is called antihemophilic globulin or antihemophilic factor. It is a plasma glycoprotein composed of two noncovalently associated chains. One chain is a heavy one, comprising domains A1- A2- B and the light chain composed of the domains A3- C1-C2. FVIII activity was measured in two ways from historical reasons a) a one-phase method, where a mixture of FVIII deficient plasma and patient plasma is analyzed using APTT assay; the absence of FVIII in the patient plasma leads to lengthening of the time, b) two-phase method, where the first step leads to formation of FVIIIa and FXa and in the second phase there are thrombin and fibrin created. Two-phase method is difficult to implement in routine laboratory, and therefore it was stopped using during time. This method was substituted by the chromogenic method after development of the chromogenic substrates, where there is in the first step created FVIIIa and FXa in the presence of FIXa, phospholipids and Ca2+, and in the second step there is formed a yellow coloration by the addition of the chromogenic substrate. FVIII deficiency causes a severe bleeding disorder, hemophilia A. I performed measurements from May to September 2013 at Coagulation laboratory at the Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion in Prague, where I was employed. I examined in total 76 patients, hemophiliacs A, who were at least 8 days without any treatment or substitution. I assigned numbers to patient's samples to ensure anonymity of patients. I worked with the automatic coagulation analyzer STA- R Evolution? from Diagnostica Stago, which works on the principle of photometry and chronometry. I determined the factor VIII by one-phase method and two-phase method and I compared the results. The genetic part of the work was analyzed in the genetic laboratory, which is part of our department. I worked up the results obtained from both methods in 76 patients to the table and the graph. The group included 14 (18 %) moderate and 56 (74 %) of mild hemophiliacs, then 6 (8%) hemophiliacs who did not meet the criterion of a mild hemophilia A, but clinically they belonged into mild hemophiliacs. Based on the stated criteria, we found out that 15 (20 %) patients had a ratio of FVIII: C1st/FVIII: Chr or FVIII: Chr / FVIII: C1st 0.6, they differed significantly in their values set by one-stage clotting FVIII and FVIII set by the chromogenic method. A total of 11 patients with FVIII activity were higher in the single-phase method. At three patients FVIII: C1st was even on the upper limit of the normal value, while FVIII chromogenic method gave on average 16%. We managed to find a causal mutation in the FVIII in 14 patients with "the different results", we could not investigate 1 patient genetically because of the missing genetic material. Mutations in patients with lower activity of FVIII set up by the chromogenic two-phase method were concentrated predominantly into the A3 domain; mutations in patients with FVIII a lower activity set up by one-phase clotting assay were concentrated in the A2 domain. The results presented show, that diagnostic of any patient with mild or moderate hemophilia A should include determination of FVIII by both methods; FVIII: C1st and FVIII: Chr.
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The utilization of the individual gears for tractors higher power series
DRAHOŠ, Pavel
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to monitor the operation of two tractors with different transmission variants with a shift under full load and the group lifting under load, in terms of used gear at different working deployment (stubble, plowing, sowing). First, the literature review describes the historical development, construction and activity currently used tractor transmissions. The following is a description of the methodology of measurement and evaluation, bringing used calculation formula. Custom measurements were performed on tractors John Deere 7810 with transmission Powershift 19/7 and AutoQuad 20/20 and proved that in practise there are only using a few of the many gears installed. For a simple design optimization gears are used total tables extended with graphs for individual transmissions. Based on the measurement and after the data analysis is presented the proposal of transmission with 10 forward gears and 2 reverse gears with a fully stamped gears under load. Current manufactures and the market, however, now offer tractors with mechanical transmissions increasing amount of gears than in the past. Increasingly, the trend is promoting the installation of transmisson with the fluent change of transmission ratio to the current use of advanced contemporary electronic transmission control and engine tractor.
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Ideal cycles of internal combustion engines
Marušák, Ondřej ; Jedelský, Jan (referee) ; Štětina, Josef (advisor)
The thesis set out the basic thermodynamic circulation and their properties. For these orbits are shown ideal cycles gas engine and diesel engine, in which investigating thermal efficiency depending on the change in their characteristic parameters. The results are reported in tables and diagrams. For each of the engines is also a table with most values the compression ratio, the final compression pressure, the final compression temperature and maximum combustion pressure. Finally, we compare the thermal efficiency of the two orbits in the T-s diagrams.
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Possibilities of use of food supplements in prevention and health care calves
PÁNIKOVÁ, Monika
The basis for a successful cattle production is the proper care taking of pregnant cows as well as a sufficient care taking of the new-born calves. During the last years, a big attention has been given to this area because the higher farming quality the higher economic benefits and the lower losses in meat and milk yield will be respectively. For this reason, an influence of different feed supplements (Lactovita, Biopolym, Homeopathics) on haematological and biochemical parameters as well as an effect on weight gain and amounts of microorganisms in new-born calves has been studied. The specific aim of this thesis is to evaluate an influence of these supplements on incidences of diarrhea, microbial activity and to assess its effect on selected haematological and biochemical blood parameters. Three experimental and one control group (ten calves per each) were set up in the chosen company. The experimental groups had a modified feeding ratio between the first and the fourth week of life the calves received either colostrum + 5ml "PVB" homeopathic or colostrum + 5 ml "Biopolym" prebiotics or colostrum + 1 pill of "Lactovita", while the control group received colostrum without supplement. The first day after birth, a blood sample and a microbial smear sample were taken. Second sample collection was carried out in the fourth week of life. The calves were weighed every week. Obtained data were processed graphically and in tables and were statistically evaluated. The influence of mentioned feed additives on weight gain and diarrhea occurrence was evaluated from the obtained results. The most of haematological and biochemical parameters have approximately the same values compared to those found by other authors. There were no significant differences in monitored parameters in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, no influence was found on blood parameters. Only in case of zinc a significant difference was found between treated groups and control (p=0,0012). Changes between the treated groups (independently on control) were observed in haematocrit, total protein content, cholesterol, zinc and copper. Non-significant differences between the tested groups and control were found in haemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, glycaemia, urea, LF, GMT, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. No impact of tested supplements was found on microbial composition. A positive effect of Lactovita, Biopolym and Homeopathic compared to the control group was found in case of weight gain. The obtained results show some positive trends which should be a subject for further research, where total amount of calves per groups is increased to reduce variability.
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Speciation and isotopic composition of lead in coal samples from selected profile of the Most Basin
Semíková, Hana ; Chrastný, Vladislav (referee) ; Strnad, Ladislav (advisor)
Coal is one of the major energy sources in the world and contains most of the elements from the periodic table. During combustion of coal these elements are released and redistributed. This may lead to environmental problems. Some of these elements are considered to be very dangerous for human and animal health and ecosystems. The knowledge of concentration and speciation of elements in coal is important for the prevention of the adverse environmental phenomena associated with the use of coal. One of the hazardous elements in coal is lead. The purpose of this work is to determine the concentration of lead and its isotopic composition simultaneously with determining the speciation of lead in coal. The ICP-MS method was used to determine the concentration and isotope ratios of lead. A total of 62 samples of subbituminous coal was analyzed. The method of selective extraction analysis BCR was used on 9 samples of subbitumnious coal to identify the speciation of lead in coal. Lead concentrations in coal were measured in the range of 0.25 to 78.84 mg·kg-1 . These concentrations correspond to the average concentrations of lead in most of the coals. Isotope ratio 206 Pb/207 Pb in coal samples ranged from 1.169 to 1.219. Isotopic 208 Pb/206 Pb ratio was measured in the interval 2.047 to 2.093. The isotopic...
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