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The questions about leisure time of children and youth
MACHOVÁ, Miroslava
The bachelor final work ?The questions about leisure time of children and youth ?deals with questions of teenage free time and factors, which participate on choice of free time activities. In the theoretical part scientific literature was elaborated and the first chapter characterizes family and its influence on selection of interest activities. Basic legal regulations concerning this topic are depicted in the next chapter. Conceptions of upbringing and free time are defined and characterized in the other chapters. The last chapter describes institutions which handle with free time education. The practical part is primarily focused on searching for differences of spending free time of children and youth in families, which profess a religious belief and in non-religious families. In the practical part there are given three hypotheses.
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To Use the Waldorf Pedagogical System in Free-time Activities, or Is It Possible to Use the Waldorf Pedagogical Educational System in Scouting System?
Vondrušková, Josefína ; Ortová, Marie (advisor) ; Růžička, Vít (referee)
The topic of my work: to use the Waldorf pedagogical educational system in free-time activities, or is it possible to use the Waldorf pedagogical educational system in scouting system? This is the reason why in my work I am trying to compare the approach of Steinerov's pedogogical system and scouting methods in upbringing children. The goal of my work is to find compatable elements and different disputes of both systems and by this find out if it is possible to apply the Waldorf system in scouting practices. My work, most of all is based on long terms work and experience in scouting groups and the Waldorf systems is based on theoretical information found in professional and available literature. I deal, mainly, with children's current wishes and demands for free-time activities, and hence at the same time I am trying to find a possibility to modernize scouting upbringing and practices in order for the center to be more interesting especially for children. One of the possibilities I see is found especially in this form of educational system. After stating the requirments for free-time activity I try to completely characterize the current methods, individually important of the area in preactice. In a similar way, I describe walsorfskou pedagogicu and antroposophical approach to the upbriniging. In the last...
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Professional foster care - new alternative to the institutional care in Czech Republic
Roth, Martin ; Vítečková, Michaela (referee) ; Kremličková, Marta (advisor)
This diploma work with the theme of substitutional children's care in the context of actual situation in the Czech Republic when the care of endangered and abandoned children is mostly and practically solved by the inconvenient form of institutional education. This is the reason why in the introductory chapters there is mentioned the theme of family and its importace for satisfiing chldren's needs ; family and parental disorders; mental deprivation and subdeprivation in childhood and its prevention. In the part dedicated to substitutional children's care there are mentioned the most important problems of institutional education . There are also characterized different types of substitutional children's care which are currently being used in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, this work deals in a more detailed way with foster care from the point of view of traditional model currently being applied in the Czech Republic and with modern approach to foster care, also called professional foster care. In this connection the work deals with such themes as relation of parental and foster care, forms of modern foster care, survey of necessary activities and process needed for realization of new conception of foster care - evaluation of applicants for foster care, plan creation of children's care, supporting and...
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The illegitimated children in the Czech lands in 18th and 19th century
Bayerová, Vanda ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee) ; Sochorová, Ludmila (advisor)
Moje diplomová práce nebyla založena na dlouhodobějším a rozsáhlém výzkumu, přesto si dovolím zhodnotit stav zkoumaného tématu. První část mé práce spočívala ve vyhledávání pramenů a literatury k nastolenému jevu ve snaze tyto poznatky konfrontovat. Existuje dostatek dílčích prací, ale zatím neexistuje souborné pojednání, které by mohlo být přehledem vývoje postavení svobodných matek a nemanželských dětí v novověku na našem území. Studium postavení svobodných matek a jejich dětí je přitom pro dnešní dobu velmi atraktivní v důsledku zvýšení zájmu o "historii každodenního života", "gender" problematiku a "historii dítěte", jejichž rozvoj se ve středoevropském prostoru odstartoval po roce 1989 ve snaze dohnat západní trend posledních desetiletí. Prameny a literatura by se daly rozdělit do několika skupin. V první skupině mohou být ty, kde by nějaké informace mohly být, ale nejsou, např. lékařské knihy nebo některé etnografické monografie. Z toho by se dalo při rychlém a povrchním soudu vyvodit, že se zkoumané jevy vyskytovaly v tak malé míře, že ani nestály autorům za zmínku. Další skupina informací pochází z pramenů, které např. antikoncepci a aborty připouštějí, ale ve velmi omezené míře, postoj např. některých etnografických prací. Poslední skupina vypovídá o takřka neuvěřitelném rozšíření všeho výše...
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Karel Čapek's Prosaic Works for Children and for Adults. A Comparison of Style
Vrbová, Anna ; Mareš, Petr (advisor) ; Andrlová Fidlerová, Alena (referee)
The subject of this thesis is an analysis of various stylistic aspects of Karel Čapek's Povídky z jedné a z druhé kapsy and Devatero pohádek. In the first part, the author deals with a distinctive feature of Čapek's works, which is an attempt to cause an impression of an oral narrative. At first, she studies an influence of this feature on general composition of the chosen writings. Then she analyses particular language means. The second part explores other stylistic and linguistic means, which are typical for chosen material. These are for example accumulations of synonymic expressions, playing with acoustic form of language or utilization of elements from foreign languages. Witnih each topic, the author compares the three texts. Key words Karel Čapek, short prose, literature for children, analysis of language
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Reflection of Nazism in selected literary and picturized works of German literature for youth and children and their didactical adaptation
Michálková, Kateřina ; Bučková, Tamara (advisor) ; Švermová, Dagmar (referee)
TITLE: Reflection of Nazism in selected literary and picturized works of German literature for youth and children and their didactical adaptation SUMMARY: The Thesis describes projection of Nazism to the literature for youth and children. It focuses on different conception of Nazism in 'intentional'literature, which primary concentrates on child as a recipient and in 'not intentional'literature, which primary does not concentrate on child as a recipient. The comparison consists of analysis of the selected literary works Is Hitler das rosa Kaninchen stahl" and "Nackt unter Wolfen " and their film versions. Based on the analysis is worked out a didactical adaptation of both works in the German and other lessons. KEYWORDS: Literature for Youth and Children, film, nazism, didactical adaptation, Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, Language Competence
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The most important dietary sources of lipophilic vitamins
Šafránková, Simona ; Hejtmánková, Alena (advisor) ; Táborský, Jan (referee)
Basic piece of knowledge about nutrition and its need should be integral to every mans general knowledge. One of the vital nutritions ensuring a full-functioning organism are vitamins. Vitamins are essential ingredients, which play an important role in the human body and also in the processes of absorption and the exchange of substances between the external environment and living organism. They were discovered recently during the 20th century. The researches on their effects on the human body are still ongoing.
The vitamins are divided into two basic groups, water soluble vitamins, the so called hydrophilic (vitamins B and C), and fat soluble vitamins, the so called lipophilic (vitamins A, D, E and K).
The vitamin A is important to ensure good vision and recognizing colors. It support the quality and growth of bones, affects the egg and sperm and is needed for proper fetal development.
Vitamin A is found in foods of animal origin, such as dairy products, milk, meat and liver. In the food of plant origin, the vitamin A is replaced with many provitamins, of which most important is the beta carotene. A very rich source of these provitamins are leafy greens such as spinach or cabbage.
The recommended daily intake of vitamin A is 800 microgram, according to the standards of Czech republic. This need depends on the gender and age of each individual. The lack of vitamins A causes photophobia and impaired vision. The excess of vitamin A may be toxic for the organism. The interesting fact is that the beta carotene is not considered to be toxic.
Vitamin A is one of the labile vitamins. It is sensitive to heat, light and oxygen. At a gentle meal preparation and usual diet, the losses are around 20 %.
The vitamin D is consisted of group of several biologically active substances, of which the most important are vitamin D2, ergokalciferol, to be found in foods of plant origin, and vitamin D3, cholekalciferol, to be found in foods of animal origin.
In the human body, vitamin D acts as a hormone, it is formed at one point of the organism, but affects a different part of the body. The vitamin D ensures the intake and absorption of calcium and phosphorus and maintain their balance. It supports the immune system and may help in the psoriasis treatment.
The recommended daily intake of vitamin D is about 2,5 to 10 microgram. Pregnant and lactating women have a greater need for it, as well as infants and children. The lack of vitamin D disturbs the homeostasis of calcium and phosphate metabolism. The excess of vitamin D causes hypercalcaemia.
The most important foods source of vitamin D are liver, oil from fish liver, oil sea fish, fortified margarine and milk.
Vitamin D is sensitive to oxygen and light, its activity is not significantly affected by food storage or preparation.
Vitamin E is a major antioxidant. It is important to maintain the healthy cell wall and skin, muscles, nerves, erythrocytes, heart, and it is also responsible for the proper function of blood circulation.
The recommended daily intake of vitamin E is 8 to 20 mg. Its need is increased during exposure to sunlight and harmful influences, during increased physical exertion and when receiving large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. The lack of vitamin E almost does not occur in healthy people, since it is present in nearly all basic kind of foods. The hypervitaminosis of vitamin E occurs only rarely, because there is no risk of overdose when receiving a normal diet.
The most important foods source of vitamin E are vegetal oils (such as sunflower and rapeseed), nuts, corn, pea, corn products, dark green leaf vegetables, eggs, liver and viscera.
Vitamin E is considered the most stable lipophilic vitamin. There is only a minimal loss of tocopherol during food processing, these losses are approximately 10 %.
The vitamin K supports blood clotting in the human body and, along with the vitamin D, is involved in the constant bone development and remodeling.
Both foods of plant and animal origin are sources of vitamin K, such as meat, liver, milk, vegetables and fruit. The recommended daily intake of vitamin K is around 0,01 to 0,14 mg. The infants and children up to three years have lower need of vitamin K intake. The most common cause of vitamin K hypovitaminosis is disruption of intestinal microflora caused by various drugs, e.g. antibiotics. Too high doses of vitamin K can accumulate in the body and lead to the breakdown of erythrocytes, damage the liver and cause jaundice in children.
There is not much information known about the stability of vitamin K yet. It has been found that vitamin K decomposes rapidly in the light, however its losses during food processing are minimal.
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Grammar Dysphasia (Dysgramatismus) in the Speech of Pre-schoolers (with developing dysphasia)
Dědková, Jana ; Housarová, Blanka (advisor) ; Michalová, Zdena (referee)
This diploma work is focused on childreďs language experience and lexical disorder in children's speech. The goal of this study is to compare the group of language distorted children to the language comprehension control group. The comparison will be performed from the point of view of the ability to use language morphology and syntax in the speech. Newly created diagnostic material will be used for the comparison. Only pre-school children and school-deferred children will be relevant for this research. The content of the study is organized into two parts. The theoretic part will review the development of childrens' speech up to 8 years old children using the wellknown experts' opinion. The analysis of diagnostic methods for research of language morphology and syntax development will follow. I will explain the terms of language experience using the definitions by renowned authors as well. Finally, I will describe the language disorder as a symptom of miscelaneous deseases and disabilities.
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Analysis of teaching materials in the field of music education for children aged 3-6 and their use in practice
Martínková, Hana ; Tichá, Alena (advisor) ; Kodejška, Miloš (referee)
Analysis of teaching materials in the field of music education for children 3 to 6 years and their use in practice The theoretical part of the paper summarizes the current knowledge about the concept of music education in kindergarten, describes the musical ability and position of musical activities in the Framework curriculum for pre-school education. Furthermore, this work characterized the components of music education, such as singing, instrumental music and movement and listening activities. The practical part consists of two parts. The first section contains the mapping of the current situation of teaching materials for preschool children. Research method was a questionnaire survey, which was determined by width and source of musical materials that teachers use in practice with preschool children. The second part is methodical and includes songbook in which the notation of specific songs that appear when working in nursery schools. Keywords music, musical development conditions, musical ability, musical activities and games, RVP PV, teaching materials
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Prevention Program of Children Sexual Abuse for Elementary School Teachers
Pelcerová, Lenka ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
Child sexual abuse is not a recent phenomenon, but its prevalence is nowadays getting wider attention and new ways of its prevention are being found. Children are in this respect the greatest group at risk and they can suffer the consequences of abuse for the rest of their lives. Teachers play a very significant role in recognizing the symptoms of abuse and in knowing how to work with the child victim. This thesis focuses on describing the actions teachers should take when encountering a child who has been abused, on describing the environment and background of child abuse and on describing the ways victims usually behave. A very important part of this thesis constitutes of a chapter on juridical demarcations. My research is based on the outcomes of a questionnaire that was given to 80 teachers of 11 elementary schools in the Czech and Slovak Republics. In conclusion I am presenting a proposal of a prevention program of child sexual abuse with useful tips for teachers. I hope that my thesis will in this respect be inspiring and useful.
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