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The Model of Financial Compensation for placement of a Deep Geological Repository of Radioactive Waste in the Czech republic in period from 2010 to 2016
Englerová, Anna ; Zeman, Martin (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
Author examines a way of allocation of governmental financial resources to municipalities in locations preselected for deep geological repository. She is searching for a way how to add a motivational incentive to the process of allocation of financial resources in order to improve municipalities attitude towards deep geological repository. Hypothesis, examined in this thesis, contains two related questions. It is assumed that (1) amount and structure of financial resources can significantly affect municipalities decision making and also that (2) current mechanism of allocation of compensations is ineffective and does not create sufficient incentives. Currently (end of the year 2016), negotiations between government and municipalities are in crisis despite significant financial compensation from government nuclear account to the municipalities. This thesis have potential to change municipalities negative stance on deep geological repository through motivational model of resource allocation. Theoretical part reviews basic economic background and introduces historical, sociological, technological and economic views of radioactivity and deep geological repository. In practical part author analyzes socio-economic situation, compares evolution of transfers from government to municipalities with their attitude towards deep geological repository in time and shows that current system of resource allocation does not motivate the municipalities to change their stance on deep geological repository. That confirms second part of our hypothesis. Author also proposes a motivational model of resource alllocation. She confirms its viability by comparing it with similar models from other countries, by surveying mayors of concerned municipalities and also by examining experts opinion. Verification of the model confirmed its motivational effect. By that, first assumption of our hypothesis, that structure of resource allocation can significantly affect municipalities decision making, was confirmed.
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Influence of Microstructure Changes on the Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Processed by ECAP Method
Král, Petr ; Dvořák, Jiří ; Svoboda, Milan ; Sklenička, Václav
Extremely coarse – grained aluminium (99.99 %) was subjected to severe plastic deformation (Equal-Channel Angular Pressing) at room temperature. The properties of the ECAP material may considerably differ from properties of material with a standard coarse grain size. The largest changes of microstructure take place during the first four ECAP passes. Thus, the microstructure after twelve passes consists of roughly equiaxed grains (~m) with high fraction of high angle boundaries (~70%). In this work the behaviour of ECAP material with different number of passes at the tensile and creep tests has been studied. It is shown that ECAP aluminum provides a significant increase of the ultimate strength, however, there is low strain hardening during tensile deformation. The creep resistance of aluminum increased considerably already after one ECAP pass. However, repetitive ECAP pressing lead to a noticeable degrease in the creep properties. ECAP microstructure was examined in terms of the inhomogeneity. The results indicate that an inhomogeneity of the ECAP microstructure may influence the creep behaviour of the ECAP material.
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Propagation of inclined cracks to the interface of ceramic laminates
Novotná, Lenka ; Trunec, Martin (referee) ; Chlup, Zdeněk (advisor)
Composite materials with laminated structure provide advantages which are utilised during component design. Low density, temperature and chemical stability are the profitable properties predetermining application of ceramic laminates. The main obstacle for wide spread of ceramic materials is their inherent brittleness. Therefore, in this thesis, the crack propagation in ceramics laminates has been extensively studied. Laminated structures with various volume fractions of components (alumina and zirconia) were prepared by electrophoretic deposition. Evaluation of crack propagation through the interface and determination of basic mechanical properties was conducted on the basis of extensive literature search. Crack deflection originated in both presence of internal stresses and differences in elastic modulus during the crack interface passing was monitored. A special type of specimen geometry was employed with the aim to set arbitrary angle between crack and interface. It was experimentally found that the degree of crack deflection is dependent on entering angle and volume fraction of components. Higher crack deflection was already found in the bulk of the test piece comparing to the test piece surface. The 3D fracture surface reconstruction generated using laser confocal microscopy was used in this detailed crack propagation study. Further basic elastic and strength characteristics of laminates were determined and compared to those obtained from monolithic materials. The validity of the mix rule for elastic characteristics was confirmed by comparing of elastics modulus. The most reliable method for elastic modulus determination was marked the dynamic resonance method due to low scatter and consistency in measurement. The flexural strength of all laminates tends to be close to the flexural strength of the weakest component. Therefore the mix rule is not applicable for flexural strength estimation on the contrary of elastic characteristics. The change of component volume fraction leads only to change of flexural strength scatter. Thanks to gained knowledge about crack propagation and basic characteristic determination will be possible to design ceramic laminates more efficiently for given needs of application.
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Kritérium stability bi-materiálového vrubu se dvěma singularitami
Klusák, Jan
Interfaces with a step change of material properties occur often in technical constructions. In combination with a sharp notch it usually leads to singular stress distribution in a vicinity of such a wedge. The existence of two singularities seems to be the main problem within study of this stress concentrator. The other problem is that each singularity does not correspond to particular mode of loading. The presented contribution studies stress distribution in a bi-material wedge vicinity and shows a method of solution of the problems in case of existence of multiple stress singularity
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Collaboration nurse and family members of patiens with brain injury
LIŠKOVÁ, Sandra
The bachelor thesis deals with the cooperation of nurses and family members of patients with brain injuries. Brain damage is among the most serious injuries a person can have. Brain injuries are the second highest cause of death after abdominal trauma. People often confuse the term head injury with brain injuries. The lasting consequences of these injuries are very severe and often fatal. The skin on the scalp can indeed bleed, but we can only talk about brain injury if there is any actual damage or suppression of the brain issue, which can have many causes.The theoretical part describes the most common injuries of the brain; changes in behavior and fatic disorder in a patient with a brain injury, nursing care of patients with brain injury, communication between the nurse, the patient and his family, and also notes the importance of the nurse patient relationship and the significance of the patient's family. In the theoretical part, we have tried to give comprehensive and understandable information about the cooperation of nurses and family members of patients with brain injuries.For the empirical part of this thesis, a qualitative investigation was chosen. We used the method of data collection in the form of semi-structured interview . The survey was carried out in February 2014. Interviews with correspondents were videotaped and subsequently transcribed and processed by categorization of data. For the process the main category and subcategories were established which are, for clarity, shown in the diagrams . The interviews with correspondents were running at the University Hospital in Motol. After the approval of the matron the research investigation was initiated . Correspondents were asked prepared questions , depending on how the conversation developed, supplementary questions were considered. Interviews with nurses and family members were done separately because of the possible influence the nurses could have upon the family members. All interviews with the nurses and the family members were conducted at the University Hospital in Motol. The duration of the interview was approximately 45 minutes. At the beginning of the meeting with the correspondent, the basis of the interview was outlined and the reason for the interview was explained. None of the corcorrespondents minded the interview being recorded. Each interview was obtained with oral consent and explanation of anonymity.During the processing of the interviews, the method of open coding was used. Each sister and family was assigned a number. Then the answers of the nurses and the family members were numbered in the interviews. The rows have been numbered due to the possibility of referring to them. This method is called "paper and pencil" because of a synoptical process. For example, a nurse said line 3 and it is displayed as N1/3. A total of one main category and seven subcategories were established in both groups of corcorrespondents . The created categories and subcategories can be seen in the diagram one and four. The individual subcategories were depicted in the empirical investigation with the addition of interviews and quotes. The interviews were recorded on a CD, which is part of the thesis.The research sample consisted of two groups. The first group of correspondents consisted of nine nurses aged 24-50 years. Six nurses of all the interviewed completed tertiary education, two correspondents studied at a college and one respondent reached secondary education. Four correspondents were from the Neurosurgical Department, two correspondents from the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (ARO) and three correspondents from the Department of Chronic Resuscitation and Intensive Care (OCHRIP). The second group of the researched sample were relatives. The second group of the study sample was made up of four relatives, in varying relation to the patient, the families were in the age range from 30 years to 68 years.
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Design of manipulation table for workpiece rotating
Horák, Jiří ; Opl, Miroslav (referee) ; Pavlík, Jan (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with the design of the manipulator for rotating objects, especially workpieces, semifinished products, or complete products around horizontal axis. It’s the manipulator for objects where is needed change orientation during production process. This thesis describes step by step construction of individual components of the manipulator and calculations of propulsive units. At the beginning the conveyor roller with propulsive unit is designed. The next step is construction of scissor lift table and choice of the propulsive unit. There is also made FEM analysis for the scissor mechanism. The next unit is aimed to the construction and computation of rotating and telescopic jaw. Then hydraulic circuit with computation of the propulsive unit is designed. As the final step the appropriate type of sensors are chosen and the step diagram of the manipulator is made. The manipulator is designed in the 3D model program and there are also made some assembly drawings.
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Central controlled economy in Czechoslovakia in the period from 1949 until 1960
Papánek, Ondřej ; Průcha, Václav (advisor) ; Váňa, Daniel (referee)
The thesis is focused on the central controlled economy in Czechoslovakia in the period from 1945 until 1957. The main role of economy at that time was the fastest possible rehabilitation of the economy destroyed by World War II.. The political situation was undoubtedly setting the trend in the economical development. Postwar decision in the matter of the future optimal economic mechanism was a political choice and the political influence was a significant feature of the central directive economy during its existence. The thesis is focused on the main aspects and conditions of the economical transformation, on the general attributes of the central controlled economy, organizational structure of the national economy, scheduling of production and consumption, formation of prices and wages, on the changes in the banking system and the public finances in Czechoslovakia during the mentioned period.
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Strain stress analysis of BS splint
Řehák, Kamil ; Fuis, Vladimír (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This master‘s thesis deals with strain-stress analysis of hip joint together with the final applied total endoprosthesis with Burch-Schneider cage. The main point of my work was to find the solution of stress–strain analysis state, which has been mentioned before in connection with Burch-Schneider cage. I describe the technique of geometric creation of whole body system, component´s materials or conditions which are neccessary for calculation. In coclusion there are results achieved in variants. In the first option the case of bone tissue was considered, which don’t reach degradation mechanical properties effect straining under Burch-Schneider cage. In some cases when the bone tissue is untimely forced, the necrosis of bone tissue takes place under Burch-Schneider cage. This possibility is described in the second option of type. For every option there was a case which was calculated with applied screw or without it. In all option mechanical features of cancellous bone tissue and their change influence on achieved results were considered. This problem was solved computational simulation in commercial software Ansys Workbench 12.0.
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Klusáčková, Pavlína ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Hajduková, Zdeňka (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
Early diagnosis of occupational asthma is important especially for the prognosis of this disease. The confirmation of the diagnosis of occupational asthma is sometimes difficult using diagnostic methods available nowadays. That is why searching new methods is very important. Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry enables the separate detection of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) - LTC4, LTD4, LTE4; LTB4 and 8-isoprostane. If patients with occupational asthma and controls were compared, only LTC4 was significantly higher among all EBC parameters studied in asthmatics (despite corticosteroid treatment). This marker could be used in the future diagnostics. Monitoring of 24-hours variability of EBC parameters in patients, in whom occupational asthma is suspected, showed relatively high intraindividual and interindividual variation. It is evident therefore, that if only one daily measurement in asthmatics would be possible (which is common in articles of several authors), it should be collected in the same period of day in all persons. In negative bronchoprovocation tests significant changes of EBC parameters were not found. The evaluation of positive bronchoprovocation tests was limited by small number of patients, however in five persons from six, the...
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