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Evaluation of Changes in Water Regime Caused by Long-term Development of Vegetation Cover
Chlumecký, M. ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Buchtele, Josef
Long monitoring of air temperature and precipitation for three catchments with up to 100 years series has been used as the input for the modelling of rainfall-runoff process and for the re-assessments of the evapotranspiration demand (ET.sub.demand./sub.). The resulting oscillations and the random changes of vegetation cover have been pursued as the indication of fluctuations also in the evapotranspiration. The intention is to appraise this complicated time series as the long-term process. The modified implementation of the conceptual model SAC-SMA enables the quicker simulation and facilitates also the conditions for automatic calibration of parameters in the used model; separately for individual, i.e. partial time intervals, namely with the diverse expected evapotranspiration. That process is to be identified simultaneously with the optimal parameters of the mode; the resulting actual evapotranspiration (ET.sub.act./sub.) is then represented as the modelling outputs, as such values could be hardly gained as measured or computed values, e. g. from other meteo-observations.
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Fair bets in sports betting
Jansa, Jiří ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Havránek, Tomáš (referee)
Market efficiency and existence of profitable strategy are the most frequent analysis in the research concerning betting on sport events. This thesis covers both these topics on the dataset (20 betting offices) of Czech ice-hockey league from 2004 to 2010. The theoretical part presents development of models of individual decision-making under risk and uncertainty, models of equilibrium on the betting market and several definitions of market efficiency (Fama and Sauer as authors of these concepts) on these markets. The statistical part is testing difference in margins of betting companies for 3 possible outcomes of game, convergence in quoted odds across betting offices, arbitrage opportunity and correspondence of quoted odds to the real probabilities (linear and non- linear). Simple model of perfect market might be by all these tests rejected, since there is no constant return from betting on all outcomes, betting offices differ in margins, quoted odds do not correspond to the real probabilities and arbitrage opportunity is not disappearing. Second empirical part is devoted to the search for profitable strategy. Using 14 explanatory variables and various statistical methods (linear probability model, logit model, multinomial logit model), author is trying to beat bias in odds and find long-term profitable bet- ting...
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Sukcese hmyzenek (Protura) a vidličnatek (Diplura) na haldách chemické továrny
Rusek, Josef
Primary succession of Protura and Diplura was studied on deposits of a former chemical factory at Petrovice u Karviné, NE Moravia, Czech Republic, in 1978-1979, 1993 and in 2002-2004. Chemically loaded deposits were 15, 25 and 60 years old in 1979 and a primary succession without plant re-cultivation took place there. The succession was delayed on small humps and slopes where the deposited substrate was covered by terrestrial algae, lichens and mosses. Protura did not enter the primary succession before a moss cover occurred on the 15 years old heap and they were represented only by .i.Acerentulus traegardhi./i.. Three species of Protura were established in the 20 years old grass-covered stage as well as on the 49 years old heap. They occurred in low densities up to the 74 years old stage (and older), in which a proturan community of 4-6 species was established.
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Effect of snowpack on runoff generation during rain on snow event.
Juras, Roman ; Máca, Petr (advisor) ; Ladislav , Ladislav (referee)
During a winter season, when snow covers the watershed, the frequency of rain-on-snow (ROS) events is still raising. ROS can cause severe natural hazards like floods or wet avalanches. Prediction of ROS effects is linked to better understanding of snowpack runoff dynamics and its composition. Deploying rainfall simulation together with hydrological tracers was tested as a convenient tool for this purpose. Overall 18 sprinkling experiments were conducted on snow featuring different initial conditions in mountainous regions over middle and western Europe.
Dye tracer brilliant blue (FCF) was used for flow regime determination, because it enables to visualise preferential paths and layers interface. Snowpack runoff composition was assessed by hydrograph separation method, which provided appropriate results with acceptable uncertainty. It was not possible to use concurrently these two techniques because of technical reasons, however it would extend our gained knowledge. Snowmelt water amount in the snowpack runoff was estimated by energy balance (EB) equation, which is very efficient but quality inputs demanding. This was also the reason, why EB was deployed within only single experiment.
Timing of snowpack runoff onset decrease mainly with the rain intensity. Initial snowpack properties like bulk density or wetness are less important for time of runoff generation compared to the rain intensity. On the other het when same rain intensity was applied, non-ripe snowpack featuring less bulk density created runoff faster than the ripe snowpack featuring higher bulk density. Snowpack runoff magnitude mainly depends on the snowpack initial saturation. Ripe snowpack with higher saturation enabled to generate higher cumulative runoff where contributed by max 50 %. In contrary, rainwater travelled through the non-ripe snowpack relatively fast and contributed runoff by approx. 80 %.
Runoff prediction was tested by deploying Richards equation included in SNOWPACK model. The model was modified using a dual-domain approach to better simulate snowpack runoff under preferential flow conditions. Presented approach demonstrated an improvement in all simulated aspects compared to the more traditional method when only matrix flow is considered.
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Common attributes and specifics of urban development in GDR and the territory of the Czech Republic
Králová, Lucie ; Sládek, Jan (referee) ; Illner, Michal (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to draw a comparison between urban development in East Germany and in the Czech Republic. While the main stress is put on characterization of the situation in East Germany, the objective of the description of Czech situation is to provide information and overview essential for comparison with the situation in GDR. Description of situation in both countries after World War II is given as a starting point, followed by detailed depiction of the socialistic era, and short characterization of urban development in 90s is given as well. The thesis is focused on overall urban development aspects such as style, form, and quality of housing, housing policies, migration, and expansion of cities. Specific factors, which influenced the urbanization in the past, and continue to have certain impact, are taken into account. Within context of social, cultural, economical, and demographical conditions, some common features may in social and spatial structure of the towns be found, but there are differences in both countries, too. Special attention is paid to individual development of both capitals Berlin and Prague. Some factors are typical for each country, playing thus specific role in urban its development. This thesis lS structured into several chapters covering introduction into problematic,...
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Infiltration pattern changes related to the presence of soil
Votrubová, Jana ; Kosugi, K. ; Mizuyama, T.
For a period of three years, soil moisture distribution was monitored within a 50 cm × 50 cm transect on a forested hill-slope (Fudoji experimental watershed, central Japan). The site is covered by the forest brown soil (Cambisol) approx. 1 m deep underlain by weathered granite bedrock. Soil 25 moisture probes (CS615 Water Content Reflectometer, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) arranged in a 5×5 matrix spaced by 10 cm were used. The readings were collected in 5-minute intervals. The aim of the study was to assess temporal stability of the infiltration process under natural conditions.
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Occult precipitation and chemistry of a small mountainous catchment
Tesař, Miroslav ; Šír, Miloslav ; Fottová, D.
The present contribution deals with the importance of occult precipitation from the wind-driven low clouds and fogs onto the vegetation cover in the selected mountainous regions of the Czech Republic (Šumava Mts., Jizerské hory Mts. and Krkonoše – Giant Mts.). The experimental monitoring network and sample taking devices for the collecting of samples of water from fogs and low clouds are described in fully details. The attention is paid especially to the evaluation of water and pollutants amount incoming to the monitored regions via occult precipitation.
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Plant transpiration and self-organization of hydrologic cycle
Šír, Miloslav ; Lichner, Ľ. ; Tesař, Miroslav
We quantified the influence of plant transpiration on the entropy production associated with the degradation of solar energy on the Earth’s surface covered by plants. Two surfaces were studied: (1) biotic surface – plant transpiration taken as equal to the potential one, (2) abiotic surface – plant transpiration taken as if equal to zero. Two sources of entropy were taken into account – the entropy production associated with the conversion of solar radiation into (1) the sensible heat, and (2) latent heat. Surface processes in hydrologic cycle were examined in the experimental watershed Liz located in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic). We found that in the growing season 1992 the entropy production in humid hydrologic cycle (the Earth’s surface is biotic) was considerably higher than in the arid one (in 39 % of days the Earth’s surface behaved as biotic, in 61 % of days behaved as abiotic). Considering that the biotic effect on the Earth’s functioning can be assessed using the entropy production, we can assume that the hypothesis that biota – represented as a biotic surface – regulates Earth’s environment is proved in the watershed scale.
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Contribution to the development of the "Pan-European movement" in the 1930s
Kaplan, Antonín ; Županič, Jan (referee) ; Horčička, Václav (advisor)
This thesis analyses history of the Pan-European movement in the 1930s, which was founded by the count Richard Nicolaus Coudenhove-Kalergi in the year of 1923. This nobleman with Czechoslovak citizenship was aware of declining political and economic weight of the European continent in the world and this fact stood behind his decision to found a movement that unite Europe on federal principle. Although this work also covers partially the history of the Pan-European movement in the 1920s, the accent of this work is put on following decade. The idea of united Europe had to face tough confrontation with radicalizing political situation in many European countries in this time and that is why the European could not be established already in the interwar period. The thesis can be divided into five fundamental parts. The first one outlines the early life of the young philosoph Coudenhove-Kalergi, analyses his book Pan-Europe and end with Briand's plan of the European Union, of which he spoke about during the League of Nation's General Assembly in September 1929. The following chapter and the second main part at the same time pursues this proposal and the Briand Memorandum from May 1930. The French plan represented a significant milestone in the Pan-European movement history. The important events of the first half...
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Právní a zdravotně sociální aspekty činnosti OSPOD jako ustanovených opatrovníků v zámu nezletilých dětí
BORSKÁ, Jana
The Czech Republic as a signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child has vested the practice of state administration in the field of care for minor children to municipalities with extended powers, where the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minor children is safeguarded by state authorities of social and legal protection of children (ASLPC hereinafter). These authorities are incorporated to the extent laid down by the Act on Social and Legal Protection of Children (Act No 359/1999 Coll., as amended). The position and roles of ASLPC and their competence and jurisdiction are also regulated by the same act. The position of workers of these authorities and its legal embodiment is equally important. Regarding professionality, there are high demands on these workers. In the Czech Republic, significant changes in legislature have been made over the past three years. These amendments have led to the strengthening of the rights of minor children and to the establishing of new tools for their protection. In connection with the adoption of new substantive regulation of family law, which is now exhaustively dealt with by the Act No 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, new procedural rules have been established regarding protection of rights of minor children. Such procedural legislation includes (apart from the long-existent Act No. 99/1963, the Code of Civil Procedure) the Act No 292/2013 Coll., on Special Civil Proceedings. The decision-making regarding minor children has been vested mainly by the state into the competence of courts. The courts appoint the locally relevant ASLPC as a guardian who then represents the interests of minor children. The purpose, interwoven with and derived from the first one, was to explore the opinions of selected social workers of ASLPC and of district court judges regarding the defined problems occurring during the work of ASLPCs and courts while protecting the interests of minor children. These particularly include: the use of the tool of precautionary measure; problems of different territorial jurisdiction of courts and ASLPCs; processing of complaints regarding bias in various phases of the proceedings; professional training of workers of ASLPC It is evident from the proposals of both judges and ASLPC workers that it is necessary to unify territorial jurisdiction. The courts are suggesting the priority criterion of the address where the child mainly resides. ASLPC workers suggest the official permanent residence as the prime criterion. Bias causes problems in all phases of proceedings. It is obvious that courts take differing approaches towards the solution of this problem (some courts solve the problem of bias complaints filed by the parties while other courts do not) and for ASLPC workers it is difficult to assess how to act when such complaint is raised against them. The training of ASLPC workers - workers are obliged to educate themselves and their employer is obliged to finance such training. Not all ASLPCs are able to provide training in the required extent - due to financial reasons (the average costs of education of one employee pose from 9,169 to 13,400 CZK annually and they cover approximately 6 days of training). The heavy work-load caused by insufficient numbers of ASLPC employees prevents them from completing such compulsory training. As part of the examination of the "participation of a collision guardian in court proceedings" it has been found out that irregular participation of the worker in the proceedings (absence from participation in appeals proceedings); incomplete reports (directed to courts) from surveys in families. Based on comprehensive examination of the problems of territorial jurisdiction, it was recommended that requests are independently recorded and financial compensation is provided for ASLPCs who are requested to represent minors in front of courts, to draft proposals for precautionary measures.
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