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Content Analysis Of The Czech Philosophical Magazines Printed In The First Half Of The 20 th Century
MICHÁLKOVÁ, Monika
The theme of this thesis are The Czech philosophical magazines issued in the first half of the twentieth century. The first part of my work describes particular personalities, trends and problems of the Czech philosophy in the first half of 20th century. The second part of my work is devoted to characteristic of the magazines of Česká mysl (Czech Mind), Ruch filosofický (Philosophical Stir) and Filosofická revue (Philosophical Revue). The development of the Czech positivist philosophy and idealism is assessed in the way as it was formed on pages of philosophical magazines in the first half of 20th century. The aim of this work is to sum up the participation of philosophical magazines in formation of the Czech philosophy in the first half of the 20th century.
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Josef Velenovský and František Mareš ? two personalities of the Czech scientific life (their biological and philosophical activities)
PODSKALSKÁ, Marie
The diploma thesis Josef Velenovský and František Mareš ? two personalities of the Czech scientific life (their biological and philosophical activities) deals with the philosophical theses of two notable Czech biologists ? philosophers ? in their biological research. The first part introduces the biological and philosophical activities of both personalities. It depicts in detail Mares' views of physiology and Velenovsky's take on natural philosophy. It further contains their critical views of contemporary trends in natural sciences and philosophy, especially the positivism and naturalism. The second part contains a comparative analysis of the fundamental ideas of both scientists, included in The natural philosophy (Volume I, Natural) and Physiology. The text attempts to analyze their theses (positivism, naturalism, vitalism, physiology, natural science) and to find similarities and differences in their points of view.
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Possibillity of christian interpretation of selected works of Astrid Lindgren
DĚDINOVÁ, Jana
The goal of the theses is to interpret a selected work of A. Lindgren in a theological way. Methodology of the practical part is built on the broad context of early Christian inculturation (interpretation of ancient culture in the Patristic Tradition, introduced in the work of Hugo Rahner), and of the modern philosophical-theological interpretation of secular culture (interpretation of Don Juan in the work of Karel Vrána). The personality of the author A. Lindgren is then described, with emphasis on certain biographical facts which are particularly important for the goal of the theses. The work of German theologian Thomas Vogel is introduced in the Czech environment for the first time. Thomas Vogel is well-known for his Christian interpretations of A. Lindgren?s books. In the final part the author interprets the book Mio, My Son from christological, ecclesiological and eschatological point of view.
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Philosophical interpretation of works of Marc Chagall
JINDRÁKOVÁ, Edita
This thesis covers the interpretation of life and work of Marc Chagall, jewish painter of 20th century. Goal of the thesis is to highlight symbolic motives of his work, and later on interpret those on selected pieces. The thesis is divided into four parts. First part is devoted to the life of the painter and his jewish origin, which had a significant influence on the character of his work. Second part covers the meaning of symbols in art and religon in general. Third tries to compare Chagall's conveyance with two jewish philosophers of the dialog: E. Lévinas and F. Rosenzweig. Fourth then interprets selected pieces with philosophical or religious extent. Whole thesis is based on the conception that art is able to convey messages and interpret the world around us.
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Why to Go to Study with Euthydemus?
Chvatík, Ivan
The paper attempts to show that the purpose of the Euthydemus is not to ridicule the sophist’s art of disputation, but rather to point out the problems which serious philosophical dialectics encounters in the very essence of language, especially as concerns initiating others into this highest of all human activities. As the author sees it, the dialogue denies the possibility of teaching philosophy as the supreme human virtue and way to bliss, while explaining the paradoxical characteristics of such a virtue. This special virtue, i.e. human rationality (phronesis), is inherent in human beings; one cannot learn it extrinsically, but merely cultivate it as such. The author finally suggests further consideration of whether Plato’s concept of phronesis can be identified with his idea of the Good.
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Education for virtues as a legacy of ancient philosophers
BUDÍNOVÁ, Soňa
This work deals with education for virtues in Ancient Greece and Rome and is looking for common elements that can be traced in current educational practice as a reference to this education. It focuses on several important philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Seneca and Quintilianus. It examines the virtues which were considered to be the most important, how one can reach them and if they can be learned. The final chapter describes how the antique education for virtue influenced the contemporary Czech education, particularly in the General educational programme for basic education and General educational programme for high schools.
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Series of Lectures by the Philosophical Association on Nationality Dated 1918. Significance, Concept, Course
Hermann, Tomáš
Theme of the article is an analysis of a series of lectures on the essence of a nation, which waa organized in 1918 by the Philosophical Union, the Czech association for the development of philosophy. The first part evaluated the public activity of the Philosophical Union during the war. The second part describes the circumstance and course of the cycle Lectures on the Essence of Nationality, in which leading Czech experts from various fields and orientation of thought lectured, should have lectured and led discussions. The end of the war and new nationality emphasized the meaning of the issues discussed: on the other hand, they led to the gradual cessation of the series, the former purpose of which had been lost. The third part provides a specific historical reconstruction of the course of the series. The fourth part analyses the period discussion of the experts represented and their conception of the theory of a nation.
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Animal Right : a Philosophical Perspective
Černý, David
The issue of animal rights is an essential part of practical ethics. Most authors argue that speciesism (defined as a prejudice of attitude of bias toward the interests of members of one’s own species) opposes liberationism. The overall aim of this contribution is to show that this conviction is wrong. In the first part, some remarks concerning current debate on animal rights are made, with special attention to Peter Singer. The second part of the paper is devoted in detail to clarifying the role of speciesism in opposing liberationism. It concludes by noting that only a highly specific form of speciesism is, in fact, in opposition to liberationism. We can hold speciesism and engage in animal liberationism based on ascription of some morally relevant properties (sentience) to animals.
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The imperativ of transcendence. On the sense of philosophy and the philosophical possibilities in the end of metaphysical epoch according to Jan Patočka. The interpretation of chosen texts (1929-1952)
Sladký, Pavel ; Ritter, Martin (referee) ; Karfík, Filip (advisor)
One of the great themes of Jan Patočka's philosophy is the problem of essence and meaning of philosophy. If philosophical thinking aspires to overall understanding, the philosophical self-reflection is a natural part of the very philosophical activity. From the end of 1920's till the beginning of 1950's it is possible to find three ways of philosophical self-reflection in Patočka's texts. The first one is contained in the series of early writings in which Patočka successively, and from the different points of view, shows essential aspects of "personal philosophical life". The second one is identical with Patočka's interpretation of Socratic teaching. Finally, we can trace back the third way in programmatic text "Negative Platonism" in which Patočka in detail determines relation between metaphysics and philosophy. The purpose of our thesis consisted in successive and systematic interpretation of the forms of Patočka's metaphilosophy, mentioned above, and their relation. Of course, there is a development in Patočka's thinking and terminology; we show, however, that meaning of central metaphilosophical motives does not change in his writings - general attributes of philosophical subjectivity from the early texts are constitutive "parts" of Patočka's Socrates as a paradigm of philosophical activity in general,...
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