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The expressions of cause in Spanish
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Pavla
The thesis discusses the expressions of cause in Spanish and presents an analysis of the linguistics theme based on the Spanish legal texts. The fundamental aims of the thesis are to find the expressions of cause in the Spanish legal texts and to analyse it. The thesis is divided in the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part is focused on the linguistics characteristics of the legal texts and on the characteristics of the expressions of cause. The practical part presents an analysis of the expressions of cause based on one thousand of examples found in Spanish legal texts. The summary in Spanish is included.
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Molecular characterization of selected strains of amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba, the potential human parasites.
ŠTAUBEROVÁ, Kamila
The genus Acanthamoeba belongs to a group of organisms generally called "amoebae". These amoebae can cause fatal disease in humans, being able to enter e.g. through skin in bloodstream and then spreading through the body. In the body they further parasitize in various tissues including the brain there they cause a little known disease called "granulomatous amoebic encephalitis". The disease is most prevalent in people previously ill with, e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus. Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis leads especially to a brain inflammation, which evolves in brain tissue necrosis. Most prominent symptoms are headaches, nausea and vomiting, aphasia and ataxia. This work mentions also some other amoebae as Neagleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris, Sappinia diploidea a Entamoeba histolytica. Neagleria fowleri is known as a causative agent of an illness called primary amoebic encephalitis. First, I had isolated DNA using Genomic Mini Kit from five amoeba strains. The next step was PCR amplification it is a method depending on alternation of high and lower temperatures in thermocycler. It was followed by electrophoresis, where the presence of bands in agarose gel, which I had prepared myself, showed the presence of absence of amoebic DNA fragments. In case of successful amplification (presence of PCR product) the fragment was excised from gel with scalpel and transferred in a test-tube. The DNA was then cleaned via extraction. The extraction was done with Gel/DNA Fragments Extraction Kit. An intermediate step before sequencing, we tried to clone the product it became obvious that this way is not very effective. The sequencing was provided by the company Seqme. Following work with sequences was conducted in programs BioEdit and alignment in ClustalX. Then, phylogenetic trees were computed in the program PAUP and viewed in TreeView. The results were interpreted in the terms of relationships between the amoebae majority of them belonged to the most common genotype, T4, but their relations within the genotype were not so tight. Concerning the clinical samples available to me (both from human eyes), one of them (O1) belonged to T4 genotype, whereas the other one (O2) belonged to the genotype T3. Another result was evaluation of the effectivity of different primers: specific primers AcaJDP1 and AcaJDP2 were much more efficient than originally used "eukaryotic" primers ERIB1 and ERIB10.
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Fytochemical potencial of polyfenols contain in berries
KRUMPHANZLOVÁ, Iva
This thesis sums up findings on polyphenols and their positive influence on human health. In these fytochemicals, unlike in micronutrients, recommended daily amount cannot be estimated. Micronutrient deficiency in food can cause deficiency symptoms, while in polyphenol deficiency, the deficiency does not occur. When they are present in sufficient amount in food, it is considered functional food, which is important for civilization illnesses prevention. At the beginning of the theoretical part, the polyphenol classification from pharmacological and chemical point of view is represented. On the basis of this classification important role of antioxidants and flavonoids is described. Special attention is being paid to resveratrol, which is populardue to its well known "French paradox". The following part considers the polyphenol influence on human health. The way in which polyphenols protect our body from certain diseases is explained in detail. Most of the health benefits are supported by studies conducted on animals. These studies are also mentioned and described in this paper. In the theoretical part the process of absorption and the polyphenols safety for human body is also explained. Polyphenol sources are listed in the last subchapter. The work is mainly aimed at blueberry fruits (Vaccinium myrtillus) and vine grapes (Vitis vinifera). Other berries are briefly mentioned as well, such as cranberries, raspberries, blackberries and currant. The goal of this work is to create a diet that would provide a functional daily amount of polyphenols. This amount can be compared to 120 ml of native blueberries. Only products, consumable without cooking, are used in this diet. The second goal is to chart, which food products are adequate source of polyphenols. On the basis of these goals, research inquiries were defined. Research inquiry No. 1: What amount of polyphenols is contained in berries, especially blueberries. Research inquiry No. 2: Which food products (without cooking) are ideal to be included in diet, to provide adequate daily amount of polyphenols. To asses polyphenol content in blueberries, analysis of polyphenol content acquired through GEOMED program from Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s., department of clinical pharmacology, was used. Assessments were made using the HPLC method (high performance liquid chromatography) in cooperation with the biological centre AV ČR in České Budějovice. Thanks to this analysis, the first inquiry can be answered. An interesting phenomenon is discovered, that frozen blueberries have higher polyphenol content then cooled ones. Malvidin (malvidin-3-6"-acetoyl glycoside) was chosen as priority anthocyan since it is most represented in the blueberry. Remaining information about polyphenol content in certain food products were drawn on Joseph Maroon´s book, MD, FACS (2010). The practical part involves a diet for 14 days, which meets the given requirements. The results clearly show that it is possible to create a diet rich in polyphenols. A list of blueberry products accessible to everyone is included. Blueberry dairy products, jams, beverages, fruit salads and fruit pyre have been analysed. The list shows which product contains the most polyphenols. The required amount can be achieved by the proper combination of given products. The ideal one proved to be 200 ml of red wine and one blueberry dairy product (with the malvidin value higher than 64). Findings in this paper will serve to promote polyphenol awareness and itseffects. This diet can be used in nursing homes, where their positive influence on equilibrium can be applied. It can also be used in spas and other alimentation related facilities.
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Studium expandujícího proudu termického plazmatu s využitím molekulových spekter
Mašláni, Alan ; Sember, Viktor
Thermal plasmas generated by plasma torches are well-known for their high temperatures and high enthalpies. Therefore optical emission spectroscopy is appropriate diagnostic method because of strong emission of radiation corresponding to the visible light. The decay of excited atoms, ions and molecules causes emission of the light at characteristic wavelengths. Except spectral lines of atoms and ions, also some molecular bands can be seen in the spectra of the plasma jet. Especially expanding thermal plasma jet operated under low pressure conditions offers possibility of observing molecular transitions. Pressure lower than atmospheric may cause the presence of supersonic flow and departures from thermodynamic equilibrium. Spectra of OH radical have been investigated using computer code LIFBASE, which contains a lot of data regarding spectra of diatomic molecules. Radial profiles of rotational and vibrational temperatures have been found in several regions of the jet.
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Social, legal and psychological aspects of substitutional family care and institutional upbringing
Lušňáková, Petra ; Poláčková, Věra (referee) ; Vítečková, Michaela (advisor)
This diploma work dissert on substitacional family care and institutional upbringing from point of view nowadays. We can clarify this questions considering three views - points: juridical, psychological and social. The theme of substitacional family care and institutional upbringing is connected with many painful questions which are not too pleasant for our society to answer and to solve them. Although this theme is very serious and complicated, it is still not a priority of political interests. It is visible more than enough that this apathy causes the tragedy of abused, ill- treated and neglected children. This bitter primacy is proved by many researches, which discovered that it is just a the top of an iceberg, should mobilize human effort to create many steps serving as a protection for victims and also izolate and remedy the people who caused this crimes.Those people who are guilty should sorely feel the justice. This guilty people should feel the justice, however, it is not working this way. It is almost tragical that this problematics interest only people from non- profit organisations, this fact is not blandish for a state activity. The ignorating lawgivers are behaving as wrong farmers, omiting the question of human participation in the tragedy of individual destiny. The institutional upbringing...
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To some dynamic phenomena in strongly nonlinear parametric systems with split power flow
Hortel, Milan ; Škuderová, Alena
Planetary gear differential systems constitute the basic structureof gearing systems in aircraft and automobile industry. Theinternal dynamic forces can have important signification foroperating safety and reliability in kind of such high powersystems with minimum dimensions. The important function here havee.g. the impact effects in gear mesh, caused by greater dynamicthan static and elastic deformations of gear tooth in mesh and dampinginfluence in all phases of gear mesh.
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The Socioeconomic Status of Parents of Children Hospitalised Due to Injury in the Paediatric Ward
MIKEŠOVÁ, Jana
Accidents pose a significant problem of public health care systems. According to statistical data more than five million people die of accident injuries worldwide. Currently, the accident issue has enjoyed a special attention. Injuries of children are considered the most severe enemy and at the same time the most frequent death cause in children and young adults and the third most frequent cause of death in the population as a whole. In the Czech Republic, accident injuries result in 300 child deaths and 3000 permanently handicapped in a year. In my diploma work I have focussed on accidents at an early age, which currently occur more a more frequently. My research has dealt with children who tend to be prone to accident risks. The objective of my paper has been to monitor the circumstances of child accidents in the course of the calendar year 2010 in children staying in the paediatric ward and to find out whether the socio-economic status of a particular family has an impact on the accident circumstances. The theoretical section of my work contains a description of the individual accidents which are typical for the population of children and the practical section consists of an evaluation of statistical data, which I have collected using secondary data analysis and case studies of children staying at hospital as well as a questionnaire interview of parents. The quantitative research shows that the most frequent cause of a hospital stay of patients in the Paediatric Ward of the Český Krumlov Hospital in the course of 2010, as a result of an accident, were falls, fractures, contusions without head injury, the second most frequent cause of a hospital stay were head and brain injuries, the third place was occupied by injuries of the body surface (wounds, skin abrasions, bruises). It has been found that the most frequent accident occurrence circumstances are connected with children´s play without the supervision of their parents, then accidents occurring in relationship with sports activities and finally traffic accidents (bikers and in-line skaters). Based on testing the hypotheses, the research has further shown that the socio-economic factors or the family status tend to have an impact on the circumstance under which the accident happened.
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Effect reduced levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid on the morfology of erythrocytes
POPELOVÁ, Michaela
The morphology of erythrocyte is an important diagnostic element. Changes in morphology can point to certain diseases. Among various morphological features of erythrocytes the automatic analyzers commonly examine their size and stainability. The size of erythrocyte is ranging between 6.7 and 7.7 mmicrometrů. The smaller erythrocytes are called microcytes while bigger ones are called macrocytes. The size of erythrocytes is assessed by MCV (Mean Cell Volume), which indicates the average corpuscular volume. The supply of substances such as proteins, vitamins and minerals is important for proper development and metabolism of erythrocytes. Especially iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid are substances that affect the morphology of the erythrocyte. Deficiency of these substances leads to morphological changes in the blood picture. The deficiency of iron is presented in the peripheral blood like microcytosis (MCV <80 fl). The macrocytosis is the opposite change, which means deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid (MCV> 97 fl). This change is the main theme of project. As a result of deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid, changes in bone marrow are formed in addition to changes observed in the peripheral blood. Deficiency of vitamin B12 causes the megaloblastic reconstruction of bone marrow. This reconstructed bone marrow differs from normoblastic bone marrow by size, shape and and the gap between the cytoplasm and nucleus maturation. The retardation of nuclear maturation is caused by a suppressed formation of DNA related to the above mentioned deficiency of vitamin B12. Megaloblastic anemia and pernicious anemia are other hematological diseases caused by deficiency of vitamin B12. These diseases are at work also mentioned. The causes, which lead to a lack of both vitamins, are variable, for instance their insufficient food intake, or a defect in their assimilation. At present automatic analyzers offer a full range of tested parameters of blood cells. The samples were examined by an automatic analyzer Coulter LH 750, which operates on the principle of impedance. The value of MCV analyzer calculates using the software as the average of all measured impedance pulses. The macrocytosis was presented in 4% of the total number of samples examined for levels of vitamin B12. In 52% of samples deficient values of B12 (< 150 ng/l) content were observed. The macrocytosis was present in 7.5% of the total number of samples examined for level of folic acid. The deficit values of folic acid (< 3,1 microgram/l) were observed in 38% of all cases. At increased values of MCV 27% deficiency of vitamin B12 and 33% deficiency of folic acid was found. This work confirmed the link between lack of vitamin B12 and folic acid and the subsequent development of morphological changes. The deficiency in vitamin B12, in folic acid or in both vitamins occurred at high MCV.
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The cause of cage beds: analysis of internet forum from 2006 in a perspective of disability studies
Štrunc, Václav ; Kolářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kocman, David (referee)
This thesis presents results of analysis of internet forum, which appeared under article from internet server aktualne.cz in 2006. The article is dealing with abusing of cage beds in context of on people with mental handicap and people with mental illness focused social care system. For qualitative research was used the method of coding inspired by methodological approach of "grounded theory". In theoretical part of this thesis I analyzed relevant theoretical concepts from area of disability studies and gender studies with special focus on critic of concept of liberal citizenship and social contract theory. The key theoretical concept of the thesis is dichotomy of private and public sphere. In next part of the thesis is I am describing context of causes of cage beds in Czech Republic and I am delineating the basic traits of debate here. In empirical part I am describing five key themes, axial codes. In framework of these themes I am defining the differences of people with mental handicap or people with mental illness. The themes are: space and isolation, efficiency, responsibility, stigmatization and care work. In framework of every theme is I am describing the way of defining of these differences and I am searching for their cause and origin. In next part I am figuring the way of argumentation of...
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Využití NIR spektroskopie při kontrole jakosti šlehaného podmáslí
Fukačová, Ludmila
This Diploma Thesis deals with the production of butter and buttermilk. In the introduction it informs us about the technology of butter production, there are also the history, the composition and the using butter and its assortment explained. During the production of butter other product -- buttermilk is formed as its secondary product. The Thesis also describes the technology of buttermilk production and its composition. It also focuses on the positive influence of acid buttermilk in case of its regular consumption. The positive influence is mainly caused by the content of benefited lactic acid bacteria. The final part of literature summary comes nearer to the importance and the use of spectroscopy which is measured in the infrared radiation area. It also clarifies the importance close infrared spectroscopy and also concerns with some problems of chemometrics. The problems explain the using of the statistic method in the evaluation of results of the measurement in this work. In the practical part of the Thesis forty samples of fermented buttermilk taken from supermarket chains were compared and evaluated. We were analyzing their pH, titratable acidity, dry matter, fat and protein. After finishing measuring these samples via spectrometer Nicolet FT NIR (spectra in the range from 4000 to 10 000 cm-1) the results were assessed via TQ Analyst software and by using paired T-test to the middle value.
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