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Empirical Estimates in Stochastic Optimization: Special cases
Kaňková, Vlasta
Classical optimization problems depending on a probability measure belong mostly to nonlinear deterministic optimization problems that are relatively complicated. On the other hand, these problems fulfil very often "suitable" mathematical properties guaranteing the stability (w.r.t. probability measure) and, moreover, giving a possibility to replace the "underlying" probability measure by an empirical one to obtain "good" stochastic estimates of the optimal value and the optimal solution. Properties of thess estimates have been investigated mostly for standard types of probability measures with suitable (thin) tails and independent random samples. However distributions with heavy tails correspond to many economic problems and, moreover, many applications do not correspond to the "classical" problems. The aim of the paper is, first, to try to recall stability results including also heavy tails and more general problems.
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Support for Unemployed People Aged Under 30 Years at Entry to the Labor Market
ŠABARTOVÁ, Alžběta
The Bachelor Thesis deals with the problems of unemployment benefits for people at the age up to 30 when entering the employment market. Unemployment is currently one of the serious problems in the world. The reduction in the number of unemployed people is one of the political priorities. The meaning of work as a job is taking an irreplaceable position for the life within our culture. Job loss has a considerable influence on social as well as personal life of an individual. The age is playing a significant role when seeking a job. Especially the time connected with the beginning of the career. School leavers who apply for their first job are concerned. They have no working experience, no practice, and they have so far had no possibility to acquire the basic work habits. A disharmony between zero experience and excessive earnings demands belongs to other root causes of the lack of interest in giving work opportunity to school leavers. Employment Office plays an irreplaceable role for the mediation of job and the consultancy. To solve unemployment within each target group, active and passive labour policies are available. The situation of the specific target group is stimulated especially through single programs and projects. The theoretical part pays attention to the definition and objectification of the unemployment-related terms and the analysis of labour market in Ceske Budejovice. Observations of a number of authors who are dealing with these problems and the related issues are summarized herein. The empirical part is formed by observations from own investigation. Two job-related targets have been set. The first target is to analyse the ideas the young people aged up to thirty, living in the district of Ceske Budejovice, have of their employment. The other target is to analyse the employers´ ideas of giving work to school leavers and young people. In order to fulfil the above targets, two investigative questions have been put: 1: Young peoples´ ideas of earning possibilities are unrealistic. 2: Employers find the European Social Fund helpful in giving work to young people. For the purpose of answering the investigative questions a qualitative research method, namely a case study the study of a few cases was selected. Interviewing was chosen as the most suitable method of data gathering. Initially, ten participants aged up to thirty were interviewed. At the time of interviewing, all of the participants were registered at the Employment Office in Ceske Budejovice and were taking part in a retraining scheme arranged by the Employment Office. When talking with young people I found that their gross commencing salary is expected to amount to approx. 16 200 CZK. The other selective group comprised five employers in Ceske Budejovice. It emerged from the interviews that one of the companies does not utilize the programs and projects announced by the European Social Fund at all. Two of the companies complain about excessive administration. One of the employers must always carefully consider its ability to satisfy the involvement conditions. Some negative feelings also appeared about the frequent changing the blank forms, a low number of announced projects for a particular business branch. The programs being related to deepening knowledge and staff training were most appreciated. The results of the Thesis will give the Employment Office a feedback on the utilization of the European Social Fund by employers and will help in adjusting the conditions for further projects being prepared.
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Influence of meadow management on the migration behavior of selected species of butterflies
Bubová, Terezie ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Farkač, Jan (referee)
Migrations are the key process and one of the basic biological features, which allow survival of endangered species in fragmented landscape. In the last decades, agriculture intensification, industry and urbanization caused that number of natural butterfly habitats has significantly decreased. The localities originally suitable for butterflies are currnetly converted to farmland or building plots. This PhD thesis aimed to find a compromise solution of meadow management, which should allow a commercial use and concurrently do not jeopardize the continued existence of endangered or threatened species. The main idea of this study was in the intentional emigration causing in the middle of flight period, which should lead into resettlement of the population to another (potentially more suitable) locality. Possibility of aimed manipulation with butterfly emigrations would be considered as a major breakthrough in their protection.
The investigated species Phengaris nausithous (Bergsträsser, 1779) and Phengaris teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779) are both considered to be flagship species for protection of European butterflies at open meadows. This study is based on research, which was carried out in 2013-2015 at 17 patch in localities Dolní Labe, Czech Republic. In above mentioned years, one selected meadow was mowed in the middle of flight season and the emigrations were then monitored using mark-release-recapture method. Results of population and migration characteristics were calculated in MARK 8.1 software. Subsequently, the effect of mowing on emigration (comparison of emigrations from the meadow before and after mowing) was evaluated using Statistica 13.
The hypotheses of this study were based on the assumption, that the loss of resources after well-timed mowing should increase the activity of adult butterflies. During the monitoring, number of emigrations was increased only in flight season 2015. Unfortunately, the statistical evaluation did not show significant effect of mowing on migrations. On the other hand, the hypothesis dealing with colonization of nearest meadows was confirmed.
Effect of intentional emigration caused by management interventions was unfortunately not proved. However, we found out, that even though the population at one mowed meadow decreased clearly, the metapopulation size at the locality remained more or less stable.
At investigated (mowed) meadow, there was observed a sharp decline of P. nausithous abundance. On the other hand, P. teleius population was only slightly reduced. It is therefore conceivable, that P. teleius are not as susceptible to innapropriate term of mowing. The results obtained in our research conclusively displayed no possible positive effect of mowing in the middle of flight season and a necessity of suitable management maintenance at localities inhabited by Phengaris butterflies.
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Stiff Systems Analysis
Šátek, Václav ; Dalík, Josef (referee) ; Horová, Ivana (referee) ; Kunovský, Jiří (advisor)
The solving of stiff systems is still a contemporary sophisticated problem. The basic problem is the absence of precise definition of stiff systems. A question is also how to detect the stiffness in a given system of differential equations. Implicit numerical methods are commonly used for solving stiff systems. The stability domains of these methods are relatively large but the order of them is low. The thesis deals with numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, especially numerical calculations using Taylor series methods. The source of stiffness is analyzed and the possibility how to reduce stiffness in systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is introduced. The possibility of detection stiff systems using explicit Taylor series terms is analyzed. The stability domains of explicit and implicit Taylor series are presented. The solutions of stiff systems using implicit Taylor series method are presented in many examples. The multiple arithmetic must be used in many cases. The new suitable parallel algorithm based on implicit Taylor series method with recurrent calculation of Taylor series terms and Newton iteration method (ITMRN) is proposed.
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Generic Reverse Compilation to Recognize Specific Behavior
Ďurfina, Lukáš ; Šaloun, Petr (referee) ; Zahradnický,, Tomáš (referee) ; Kolář, Dušan (advisor)
Práce je zaměřena na rozpoznávání specifického chování pomocí generického zpětného překladu. Generický zpětný překlad je proces, který transformuje spustitelné soubory z různých architektur a formátů objektových souborů na stejný jazyk na vysoké úrovni. Tento proces se vztahuje k nástroji Lissom Decompiler. Pro účely rozpoznání chování práce zavádí Language for Decompilation -- LfD. LfD představuje jednoduchý imperativní jazyk, který je vhodný pro srovnávaní. Konkrétní chování je dáno známým spustitelným souborem (např. malware) a rozpoznání se provádí jako najítí poměru podobnosti s jiným neznámým spustitelným souborem. Tento poměr podobnosti je vypočítán nástrojem LfDComparator, který zpracovává dva vstupy v LfD a rozhoduje o jejich podobnosti.
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OPTIMIZATION OF ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES FOR REGULAR EXPRESSION MATCHING USING FPGA TECHNOLOGY
Kaštil, Jan ; Plíva, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vlček, Karel (referee) ; Kotásek, Zdeněk (advisor)
Disertační práce se zabývá rychlým vyhledáváním regulárních výrazů v síťovém provozu s použitím technologie FPGA. Vyhledávání regulárních výrazů v síťovém provozu je výpočetně náročnou operací využívanou převážně v oblasti síťové bezpečnosti a v oblasti monitorování provozu vysokorychlostních počítačových sítí. Současná řešení neumožňují dosáhnout požadovaných multigigabitových propustností při dodržení všech požadavků, které jsou na vyhledávací jednotky kladeny. Nejvyšších propustností dosahují implementace založené na využití inovativních hardwarových architektur implementovaných v FPGA případně v ASIC. Tato disertační práce popisuje nové architektury vyhledávací jednotky, které jsou vhodné pro implementaci jak v FPGA tak v ASIC. Základní myšlenkou navržených architektur je využití perfektní hashovací funkce pro implementaci přechodové tabulky konečného automatu. Dále byla navržena architektura, která umožňuje uživateli zanést malou pravděpodobnost chyby při vyhledávání a tím snížit paměťové nároky vyhledávací jednotky. Disertační práce analyzuje vliv pravděpodobnosti této chyby na celkovou spolehlivost systému a srovnává ji s řešením používaným v současnosti. V rámci disertační práce byla provedena měření vlastností regulárních výrazů používaných při analýze provozu moderních počítačových sítí. Z provedené analýzy vyplývá, že velká část regulárních výrazů je vhodná pro implementaci pomocí navržených architektur. Pro dosažení vysoké propustnosti vyhledávací jednotky práce navrhuje nový algoritmus transformace abecedy, který umožňuje, aby vyhledávací jednotka zpracovala více znaků v jednom kroku. Na rozdíl od současných metod, navržený algoritmus umožňuje konstrukci automatu zpracovávajícího libovolný počet symbolů v jednom taktu. Implementované architektury dosahují v porovnání se současnými metodami úspory paměti zlepšení až 200MB.
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Nutritional care of children at pediatric clinics and hospitals
METELCOVÁ, Jana
The main goal of this work called Nutritional Care in Children's Hospital and Hospital facilities is to verify whether the nutritional standards created for older child patients meet the needs and are checked and if their physiological needs are fulfilled in chosen hospitals. The next objective is to evaluate the satisfaction of the hospitalised patients with the meals given to them by hospitals. The theoretical part of this work deals with nutritional care, therapeutic care and nutritional needs of adolescents. It further deals with nutritional risks and marginally mentions technological processes regarding meal preparation. The method of qualitative research was used by using questionnaires filled in by chosen children patients who were then interviewed. Children aged 10 to 14 were supposed to be on diet number 13, half of them were boys and the other half were girls. The research was conducted in the children's ward in the hospital in Jindřichův Hradec in December 2015 and in the same type of ward in the hospital in České Budějovice in February 2016. The initial number of respondents was five patients in each ward, then using snow ball sampling method their number increased into ten in each ward. The weekly menu according to which the meals were distributed was obtained from the catering facilities of the hospitals. By using the program "Nutriservis Profi" the contents of nutrients in the meals were obtained. The results gathered from the program "Nutriservis Profi" were compared with recommended values for particular age group defined by The Czech Society for Nutrition, so meeting the physiological needs of the patients could be evaluated. From the results it was found that both hospitals have problems with supplying enough fibre content, phosphorus and calcium in meals for children's patients. There is also sodium, potassium, cholesterol and vitamin C surplus in the menus. Thanks to the internship in both hospitals in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice meeting the physiological needs of the children could be evaluated. Considering the fact that the previous evaluation revealed some imperfections, therapists from both hospitals should concentrate more on checking nutritional values in meals, consequently it was recommended to focus more on the variety of the menus and their improvement. There were also inadequacies in attendance at the children's ward. There was a comparison of the results from both hospitals, based on questionnaires and interviews from the children's point of view. Based on the data, children hospitalized in Jindřichův Hradec were more satisfied with the meals. In the conclusion there is a summary of the research and suggested suitable improvements for hospitals. There is a model menu for diet number 13 in the attachment which could be used by hospitals.
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Environmental variables acquisition and evaluation
Ulrych, Vladislav ; Vasilenko, Alexandr (advisor)
The first part of thesis is devoted to the environment of the room in which is monitoring device intended - server room. There are description of calculating algorithms for proper sizing of cooling due to the heat. Further in this part is description of suitable senzors for monitoring device - physical principle, their proper use and meaning. Theoretical part also contains a list of several available ready commercial solutions of monitoring stations and their characteristics.
The second part is devoted to the assembly of monitoring device - physical build of hardware components, preparation s and connecting sensors, operating system installation, configuration and network preparation. The second part contains also instaling web server and configuration parts, that allows amek a web interface with presentation of measured physical quantities. Integration device with Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for use with Zabbix monitoring system. Output from this work can be used for monitoring fundamental physical quantities in a small server room or in switch room.
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Route truck transport planning for company Blažek a synové s.r.o.
Němcová, Michaela ; Fejfar, Jiří (advisor) ; Kvasnička, Roman (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the planning of routes for truck transport company Blažek a synové. The aim is through appropriate economic and mathematical methods to find a suitable route, while that would be a minimal cost.
The literature review describes the basic terms on this topic. Primarily i tis focused on logistics and road car transport. There are also so described the methods by which it is possible to solve this problem.
Practical work is divided into two parts. First, it is assumed that the circuit will take a larger car that can carry all at once. Therefore, in this case, Vogel's approximation method is used and the best route for the company is chosen. In the second part, on the contrary, it is assumed that smaller cars must be taken so the route is divided into circuits. In this case Mayer's method is used, which divides the route into three areas. Again, the best route is selected.
In the end of this work there is evaluation. Assessing the financial terms and there is also a comparison of actual mileage of the routes used and calculated routes chosen methods. The comparison shows that the larger cars company save more money and also driving less kilometers.
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Comparison of the performance of selected varieties of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
Krouželová, Jana ; Bečka, David (advisor) ; Roman, Roman (referee)
Winter oilseed rape is the most important oilseed plant grown in the Czech Republic. During
recent years, rapeseed sown areas rapidly increased due to its complex usage in industry.
Similarly, the rapeseed oil gains importance which is used in food industry.
The successful cultivation of rapeseed includes the right cultivation technology as well as the
choice of suitable variety which will be the adapted to climatic conditions of location. There
are over 600 varieties to choose from based on Common Catalogue of Varieties of
Agricultural Plant Species from which is about 80 varieties commonly used in practice in
climatic conditions of the Czech Republic. Suitability of these varieties and their yield are
tested based on variety testing conducted by ÚKZUZ. The varieties which proved to be
suitable based on previous testing are recommended for cultivation and placed in
Recommended List of Varieties which helps farmers to orientate in new varieties in the Czech
Republic.The aim of this diploma thesis is a comparison of the performance of selected varieties of
rapeseed which were cultivated in semi-operational conditions in Humburky,
Kralovehradecky region. In this theses yield, oil content, 1000 seed weight were compared.
Two hypotheses were set:
1) Hybrid varieties reach higher height and yield
2) Oil content of liner and hybrids cultivars is equivalent
Further these features were observed: plant height, pod number on the terminal raceme, stalk
number on the terminal raceme, number of primary and secondary branches, height and length
of yield floor and their correlation with yield.
Cultivar Faktor KWS (hybrid) reached the best yield from selected varieties, yielding 5,02 t/
ha (119,2 % average yield). The average yields of liner and hybrids cultivars were almost
equivalent (4,16 t/ha hybrids and 4,10 t/ha liner). The greatest difference between liner and
hybrid varieties was observed in plant height. The hybrids reached 10 cm higher on the
average than liner varieties.
The second hypothesis about the similar oil content of hybrid and liner varietes was
confirmed. Observed varieties reached both 43,3 % of oil content .
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