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Soil salination and natural lignite as a potential remediating agent
Kořínková, Alena ; Sýkorová, Ivana (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with sorption ability of raw and water washed lignite for salt NaCl from water solution. Measurement was carried out in accordance with norm ČSN 11265 Quality of soil – Determination of electric conductivity with some modification (time period, extraction agent). Behaviour of lignite-water-NaCl, soil-water-NaCl and soil-lignite-water-NaCl mixtures was studied by measuring pH and electric conductivity.
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Development of non-energy use of lignite
Macháčková, Mirka ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of non-energetic use of lignite. The use as a sorbent is one of many possibilities. Sorption of chloride and sodium ions was carried out on natural lignite from the South Moravian, lignite washed with deionized water and lignite enriched with calcium ions. The experiments were realized monitoring pH, electrical conductivity, amounts of sodium and chloride ions in the prepared samples. Chemical oxygen demand was determined in the extract of lignite. This measurement was carried out in accordance with norm ČSN 83 0540-8 Chemical and physical analysis of waste water: Determination of dichromate oxidability. For use in agriculture were investigating the possibility of preparation of humic hydrocolloids by high speed dispergator and planetary mill. The ideal ratio of lignite and water was determined. The liquid and solid humic hydrocolloids were prepared by mechanochemical activation the lignite. These were characterized - particle size, UV-VIS spectroscopy of prepared extracts and sedimentation.
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Response to abiotic stress in plants growing in green façades of temperate urban environment
Hrochová, Růžena ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Havelková, Lenka (referee)
With increasing urbanization the temperature of cities is increasing and an effect of urban heat island arises. Vegetation, particularly vertical greenery systems: facades and walls, is mitigating urban heat island and reducing temperature. The aim of this work was to define these systems, their effects on the urban microclimate, to create an overview of the most used plants for greenery systems and to summarize their reactions to abiotic stresses of cities in a temperate region. Mediterranean studies were used in this work due to the scarcity of temperate climate research, which results could become valuable with climate change. Selecting proper vegetation can be done using habitat template, plants that are acclimated or adapted to the urban environment. Plants affect the urban microclimate through shading and transpirational cooling, which ideally contribute to reducing the heat island effect with optimal irrigation. Stressors followed in this work were drought, high temperature and irradiance, air pollution and salinity. To all these stressors plants reacted with limiting physiological functions and reducing growth. The common reaction was a decrease photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll content. Ractions of plants of vertical greenery systems to different stressors and their combinations are...
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Mechanisms of natural resistance of quinoa to abiotic stresses
Cíza, Marek ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Quinoa is traditionally grown crop originating from areas adjacent to Andean Mountains in South America, where it is grown by local native population for over 5000 years. Its extraordinal resistance to abiotic stresses as salinity, drought or frost, along with quite exceptional nutritional qualities of the seed, earned it the designation "supercrop" and the year 2013 was even announced by the FAO organization as the International Year of Quinoa. The main aim of this thesis is to identify the main mechanisms responsible for quinoa resistance to frost, salinity and drought. Marginally, this work also focuses on reaction of quinoa against an attack of most common fungal pathogen and also on different sensitivity of quinoa varieties towards the lenght of photoperiods, which are two important factors in expanding the cultivation of quinoa outside the original area.
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Mechanisms of natural resistance of quinoa to abiotic stresses
Cíza, Marek ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Quinoa is traditionally grown crop originating from areas adjacent to Andean Mountains in South America, where it is grown by local native population for over 5000 years. Its extraordinal resistance to abiotic stresses as salinity, drought or frost, along with quite exceptional nutritional qualities of the seed, earned it the designation "supercrop" and the year 2013 was even announced by the FAO organization as the International Year of Quinoa. The main aim of this thesis is to identify the main mechanisms responsible for quinoa resistance to frost, salinity and drought. Marginally, this work also focuses on reaction of quinoa against an attack of most common fungal pathogen and also on different sensitivity of quinoa varieties towards the lenght of photoperiods, which are two important factors in expanding the cultivation of quinoa outside the original area.
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Sorbitol role in abiotic stress response
Dvořáková, Iveta ; Konrádová, Hana (advisor) ; Janská, Anna (referee)
Many adverse factors affect plants during their life cycle. This bachelor thesis is focused on the influence of abiotic stress on plants. Attention is paid to drought and salinity stresses which are the main causes of osmotic stress, and to the mechanisms which help plants to cope with these adverse factors. Common reaction of plants to osmotic stress is synthesis and accumulation of substances which contribute to keeping cell integrity. These substances are called compatible solutes. This thesis is focused on sorbitol - sugar alcohol belonging to this group of substances. In plants that synthesize sorbitol naturally, it provides advantage under exposure to abiotic stresses as it serves as an osmoticum and/or an osmoprotectant and reduces oxidative stresses. Finally, based on the knowledge about participation of sugar alcohols in the stress reactions, modifications of plant metabolisms potentially increasing stress tolerance are discussed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Physiological mechanisms of sorghum adaptation to abiotic stresses
Kratochvíl, Jan ; Konrádová, Hana (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
Sorghum is a traditional crop, which has been grown especially in the countries of Africa and Asia. It is used as a food, fodder, source of fiber and energy. Because of its tolerance to various abiotic stresses, especially drought, sorghum is often called "the camel of crops", and there are a lot of studies trying to clarify the basis of this tolerance. Nowadays, suitable sorghum genotypes are considered as an alternative in other parts of the world (North and Middle America, Europe) or to widen the planting areas. The first part of this thesis summarizes results of current studies aimed on sorghum physiological responses to drought, high salinity, extreme temperatures, aluminium toxicity and the combination of these stresses. The second part explains the ways how to alleviate effect of stresses on the plant. It includes the application of various compounds and genetic modifications. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Development of non-energy use of lignite
Macháčková, Mirka ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of non-energetic use of lignite. The use as a sorbent is one of many possibilities. Sorption of chloride and sodium ions was carried out on natural lignite from the South Moravian, lignite washed with deionized water and lignite enriched with calcium ions. The experiments were realized monitoring pH, electrical conductivity, amounts of sodium and chloride ions in the prepared samples. Chemical oxygen demand was determined in the extract of lignite. This measurement was carried out in accordance with norm ČSN 83 0540-8 Chemical and physical analysis of waste water: Determination of dichromate oxidability. For use in agriculture were investigating the possibility of preparation of humic hydrocolloids by high speed dispergator and planetary mill. The ideal ratio of lignite and water was determined. The liquid and solid humic hydrocolloids were prepared by mechanochemical activation the lignite. These were characterized - particle size, UV-VIS spectroscopy of prepared extracts and sedimentation.
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Soil salination and natural lignite as a potential remediating agent
Kořínková, Alena ; Sýkorová, Ivana (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with sorption ability of raw and water washed lignite for salt NaCl from water solution. Measurement was carried out in accordance with norm ČSN 11265 Quality of soil – Determination of electric conductivity with some modification (time period, extraction agent). Behaviour of lignite-water-NaCl, soil-water-NaCl and soil-lignite-water-NaCl mixtures was studied by measuring pH and electric conductivity.
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Zasolení urbánních půd: případová studie na území města Hradec Králové
Zich, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis deals with problematic of urban soil salinity consequence of chemical substances in winter. In this work, the author focuses on analyzing selected soil parameters associated with the monitoring of soil salinity, caused by increased concentrations of water soluble salts. Data obtained from laboratory analyzes were tabular processed and results statistically evaluated. In consideration of the results was suggested most appropriate species composition.
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