|
|
The use of GC/MS for the analysis of drugs
Sýkora, Richard ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This diploma thesis is based on the current issue of the presence of pharmaceuticals in various components of the environment. Concerning the contamination by residues of pharmaceuticals the most affected environment is the aquatic environment where these substances leaks especially from wastewater treatment plants, which eliminate them during the cleaning process only partially. This work is focused on the selected group of pharmaceuticals, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (salicylic acid, ibuprofen, caffeine, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac) in waste water. For analysis purposes two types of sampling were used and compared: the conventional spot sampling of wastewater and the sampling using passive samplers POCIS. The sampling took place at the inflow and outflow of the wastewater treatment plant in Brno Modřice. The solid phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis HLB columns was used as the extraction method. Extracted sample was derivatized then. Derivatization agents were: MSTFA (N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamid) and BSTFA (N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamid). The final analysis was performed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection Time-of-Flight (GC/TOF-MS).
|
|
|
Sanitation installation and gas installation in an apartment building
Roček, Lukáš ; Vaščáková, Alena (referee) ; Vrána, Jakub (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis deals with design of sanitation instalation and gas instalation in apartment building. It is apartment building with three floors and basement. The teoretical part is focused on wastewater and its treatment using a domestic wastewater treatment plant. The Computational part and project includes a porposal of sanitary and storm sewer, water supply system, pipeline and their connection to current pipes.
|
|
|
Properties of anaerobic sewage sludge from small producers
Pospíšil, Jaroslav ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (referee) ; Hyánková, Eva (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with today's wastewater treatment from small producers and characteristics of primary sludge. Work is focused on natural ways of wastewater treatment. The main attention is devoted to the primary sludge. In the next section are based on laboratory tests, where samples are tested properties. There is tested the primary sludge from the mechanical pre-treatment, and namely from the sedimentation tank.
|
|
|
Prospects of Microbial Degradation and Waste Utilization from Food Processing Industry
Illková, Kateřina ; Karovičová, Jolana (referee) ; Jarošová, Alžběta (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
This work deals with the problem of microbial degradation of the waste materials from food industry. This work is focused on the production of technological significant enzymes producing by microorganisms, which were able to use the waste as a sole carbon source. In the first part of this work, the attention was focused on the production of pectolytic enzymes. This part was made within study interships in Slovak Academy of Sciences, department of Glycomics in Bratislava. The grape pomace as the waste form winegrowing was used as a sole carbon source for microbial growth and enzymes production. The production of pectolytic enzymes was tested on this waste. After screening the most suitable microorganisms was chosen with the highest production of polygalacturonase activity. Produced enzymes were isolated by extraction techniques, purified and then identified proteomically. The aim of the second part of this work was the waste water treatment containing lipids and lipolytic enzymes. The reason was the cooperation with the company constructing grease traps. The characterization of supplied commercial preparations was the subject of this work and the other reason was the characterization of conditions for lipases secreting by microorganisms, identification of microorganisms present in the commercial preparation and testing of new microbial cultures for the development of new preparation for the grease traps.
|
|
|
Assessment of selected pesticides using gas chromatography
Matušková, Monika ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The submitted thesis deals with determination of selected pesticides in water samples by gas chromatography. The target pesticides belong to the group of organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, parathion, dimethoate, phosmet) and carbamates (carbofuran, aldicarb, methiocarb, pirimicarb, and propamocarb). In the theoretical part, the division of pesticides is stated, and their properties are described, as well as their fate in the environment and their negative effects. Then, the possibilities of analytical determination based on gas chromatography are characterized. The experimental part describes the treatment of the samples and their subsequent analysis. Solid phase extraction was chosen as the extraction technique. Two kinds of cartridges were optimized (Oasis HLB and Supelclean ENVI-18) in combination with various elution reagents. The most suitable combination was then used for processing of real samples of waste-water, which was taken from WWTP in Brno Modřice. For the final determination of the target compounds by gas chromatography, two types of detectors were used: mass spectrometer and an electron capture detector.
|
|
|
Monitoring of the contents of phosphorus and nitrogen in wastewater
Herka, Milan ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This master´s thesis is focused on the occurrence of phosphorus and nitrogen in effluents and methods of their determination. In the theoretical part of the thesis describes methods for the determination of nitrogen and phosphorus in waste waters, their selection and optimization methods including mobile analytics. Experimental section is devoted to the abstraction of wastewater from selected wastewater treatment plants and their analysis methods including mobile analytics and comparing them with the presentation of their results. The conclusion is drawn evaluate the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater influent and effluent from wastewater treatment plants and compared the variation of these values during the one-month study and compared with published data.
|
|
|
Waste water toxicity.
Urminská, Barbora ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The theoretical thesis is focused on evaluation of toxicity of wastewaters and effluents and also on specification of legislative requirements related to the subject. As the negative effects of effluents on receiving water do not always depend on presence and concentrations of toxic chemicals contained in the effluent, analyses of physical and chemical parameters only is not sufficient and does not provide adequate results. The aim of the thesis is to show the importance of using ecotoxicological biotests as a necessary part of whole effluent toxicity assessment and to describe approaches to this testing in the European Union countries.
|
|
|
Industrial evaporators for process water treatment
Cacková, Tereza ; Havlásek, Martin (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
Bachelor thesis is focused on industrial process water evaporators. The basic principles of evaporation were described and various types of industrial water evaporators were introduced. The main part of the thesis was a thorough research and creation of a database of industrial water evaporators, which is also a probe into the current situation on the water evaporator and sewage sludge market. Part of the thesis is also comparing evaporators with other thickening technologies.
|
|
|
Removal of selected xenobiotics at municipal WWTP´s
Žižlavská, Adéla ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The development of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry and the massive use of synthetic substances in various industries has become indispensable for our society. Unfortunately, this progress has brought a whole new kind of pollution. It is a group of substances which imagine for living organisms’ greater risk than 'normal' organic pollution. Because they have extraneous origin compared with naturally occurring compounds, they are called "Xenobiotics." It is a group comprising a large number of different substances, with dissimilar physical, chemical and biological properties such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, detergents, paints, varnishes, plastic packaging, food additives, cosmetic products, drugs, and many others. Although these substances began to enter the water cycle as early as 30 years of the 20th century, their concentration often moves to the limit of the detection limit, so their presence in the water began to be examined in more detail in the 1980s, following the development of analytical technologies chemical composition of water. The main danger of these substances is that doesn’t primarily effect on water quality, but directly affect on the organisms by confusing of the endocrine system or by directly damaging RNA or DNA, causing mutagenic changes, cancer-causing proliferation, birth defects, metabolic disorders, gender changes, the degeneration of reproductive capacity of entire populations or the disappearance of self-preservation instinct. The source of xenobiotics in the water cycle is predominantly wastewater, which generated through the wastewater treatment, which not designed to eliminate this type of pollution. he dissertation thesis deals with the issue of xenobiotics in wastewater and is divided into the theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part summarizes the xenobiotics current state of knowledge in wastewater from their history, origin, classification, possibilities of elimination to impacts on the environ
|
|
|
Wastewater pretreatment at sewerage network
Doskočilová, Denisa ; Sousedík, Milan (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
ABSTARCT The aim of this thesis is to treat the problem of wastewater pretreatment on the sewer network with a focus on storm water overflow and their impact on waterways with regard to The Methodological Manual for Assessment of storm water overflow within uniform sewerage systems in urban areas. This work describes the legislation relating to storm water overflow and includes comparison with other countries. Furthermore, there is processed the outline of objects and equipment which can be used for wastewater pre-treatment in the sewer network. In the practical part of the thesis there is designed a new solution for the mobile spillway edge of the storm water overflow OK2A, which is located within the sewer network in Brno. In the practical part of the paper there is depicted the project documentation of newly designed equipment and objects. Water management companies, design offices, students and the general public can use this thesis as an inspiration.
|
guest ::
