|
|
Examination of the kidneys and urinary tract in radiodiagnostic medicine and in nuclear medicine
SÝKOROVÁ, Simona
Title: Examination of kidneys and urinary tract in radiodiagnostics and nuclear medicine Theoretical part: The theoretical part of the thesis describes 3 chapters. At the beginning, the anatomy of the kidneys and urinary tract is briefly described. Subsequently, the basic diseases that we may find by patient are notified. Finally, are described the most common examination methods that can be used to image the diseases of kidneys and urinary tract in radio diagnostics and nuclear medicine. These mostly it means examinations via ultrasonography, X-ray examinations, computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging etc. In nuclear medicine we are using a kidney scintigraphy. Aim of the work: The aim of the work is to analyse individual imaging methods used for examination in kidney and urinary tract diseases. The research question is based on the empirical part: Is the general public sufficiently informed about the presence of kidney disease? Methods: A quantitative survey was determined for the processing of the empirical part of the work. This is a questionnaire method that was completely anonymous, and the results were intended only as research for my bachelor's thesis. Respondents answered a total of 16 questions. These were mostly questions that were supposed to find how sufficiently general public is informed about the problem. The questionnaire also included questions about the respondent's experience with the disease and with examination methods. Subsequently, the results were processed into graphs. Results: A total of 100 respondents of different ages were contacted, the most of them were women aged 20-30. Although the research is aimed at the general public, health professionals have been involved as well. It was found that almost half of the respondents had experience with the urological diseases in the past. Almost everyone stated that it was an inflammation of the urinary tract or bladder. Urinary tract infections are among the most common diseases, which has been confirmed by research as well. The main topic was the awareness of lay public. The results were clear, the general public is informed about the problem on average level. Respondents mostly answered correctly, although they did not know answer of the professional questions. Only health professionals provided the correct answer to these questions. Conclusions: Urological diseases are very common, the most women have problems with them. Therefore, these diseases and examination methods are recorded in the form of a bachelor's thesis. The bachelor's thesis should serve as a teaching material of the urological system and its individual examinations. It could help students or patients who want to learn more about the issue.
|
|
|
Mammary diagnostics - attitude and awareness of women
HRBKOVÁ, Jana
Over 7000 cases of breast cancer are diagnosed each year, which makes it the most common malignant disease in women in the Czech republic. Despite its constantly increasing incidence, mortality rates are stagnating and recently these rates even have tended to decrease slightly. The most common methods used for breast examination are mammography and ultrasonography. Nationwide breast cancer screening programme was launched in the Czech republic in 2002. This screening helps to detect cancer at an early stage. Mammography screening is covered by public health insurance for all women over the age of 45 once per two years. Breast self-exam is also a big part of secondary prevention. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to analyze breast cancer prevention and mammary diagnostic awareness of women over the age of 18. In order to collect necessary data for my thesis a questionnaire survey was conducted. The electronic survey, which I created on website www.vyplnto.cz, was filled in by 533 female respondents. All the results of the survey were displayed in pie charts. Questions no. 10-23, which were focused on awareness, were also displayed in bar charts. These bar charts show the percentage of correct answers by age category. Thanks to the data from the survey I was able to answer research questions. In the first research question, I asked which age group has the least awareness of breast cancer prevention and mammary diagnostic; in the second research question, I wanted to know if more than 50 % of interviewed women perform breast self-examination. I evaluated that the oldest age group, i.e. respondents over the age of 65, has the least awareness of breast cancer prevention and mammary diagnostic. The survey also revealed that more than 50 % of interviewed women perform breast self-examination.
|
|
|
Renal pathology and diagnostic methods
Špiková, Andrea ; Fikrová, Petra (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Spikova Andrea Renal pathology and diagnostic methods Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Field of study: Medical Laboratory Technician This thesis is focused on diagnostic methods in various renal diseases. The first part is devoted to the anatomy and physiology of the kidney, where is outlined how look and operate various parts of kidneys and also the whole organ. Next part si composed of analysis of the urine, where is described chemical analysis with test strip, when the colore change of indicator of zones subtracted result according to the color scale on the container tube. Nowadays are two types of devices for reading the diagnostic strips on the market. Basic reflex photometer operated by person or fully automatic one. Further part describe the examination of urinary sediment using light microscopy or phase contrast microscopy. In modern biochemical laboratories urinary sediment is investigated using flow cytometry or digital capture particles. The last part is devoted to imaging methods and renal biopsy, to their description, indications and pa comparison with another method. Imaging methods include ultrasonography, native image renal, excretory urography, ascendent ureter/pyelography, computed tomography, multidetector computed tomography,...
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Function of deep hull stabilization system in kraul technique
Kohoutová, Eva ; Svobodová, Irena (advisor) ; Kainová, Lucie (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was describing the importance of the torso/core system function in the crawl swimming stroke. The theoretical part is divided into two topics. The first topic deals with the crawl swimming stroke, where the correct model technique and subsequently the most common mistakes are described. Regarding the model technique the correct position of the head and body, the movements of the upper and lower limbs, the correct breathing and complete movement coordination are described in detail. The second topic deals with the core system in general and clarifies the meaning of this system. The muscles of the core system and their functions are described in detail as well. The connection of breathing with the core system is mentioned as well as the muscle imbalances and the subsequent vertebral algic syndrome. The methods of examination and the connection of the torso/core system with the swimming locomotion were further described. The practical part deals with the tracking of an actual person swimming crawl stroke on a 800m distance. The monitored person underwent an examination of the core system strength and subsequently, after the warmup 200 m swim, was filmed using a GoPro camera on the mentioned 800m distance. The video with all mistakes was further analysed regarding to the...
|
|
|
Nursing issues in a patient indicaded for examination of the intestines.
DUDÁČKOVÁ, Simona
Gastroenterology is medicinal discipline dedicated to diagnostics and treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases. Part of its diagnostics is among others, also intestinal examination, which is done in case of suspicion of inflammatory, non-inflammatory and tumorous disease and it belongs to current examination in the present. The thesis deals with nursing issues in a patient indicated for examination of the intestines and is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part is focused on examination methods amongst which belongs anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory examination, imaging methods, endoscopic examination and puncture biopsy. Very important part is the role of a nurse and nursing care for patient, which blends through the whole thesis. The objective of the thesis is to map the role of nurse at chosen endoscopic examinations and to capture subjectively perceived feelings of the ill person during preparation for chosen endoscopic examinations. For processing the empirical part of the thesis was chosen qualitative research, using the method of semi-structured interview. The first research file were nurses from different endoscopic workplaces and second research file were patients, which underwent colonoscopy. The chosen method was questioning and technique of in-depth interview followed by analysis of gathered data using the method of coding, so called Paper-and-Pencil. The results of research mapped the role of a nurse at chosen endoscopic examinations. Her job at endoscopic workplace requires professional knowledge and abilities at nursing care before examination, during it and after it. Integral part of role of a nurse is also controlling instrumentation, working with a doctor and communication, thanks to which patient manages indicated examination with minimal difficulties. Within research framework are at patients, recorded subjective problems of patients during the preparation for chosen endoscopic examination.
|
|
|
Enteroclysis - Past and Present
HUBÁČKOVÁ, Veronika
Enteroclysis is one of the main radiological diagnostic procedures, that is able to examine the thin intestine. Thorough intestinal imaging has previously been used for X-ray enterocolysis. In this examination, the technique of bi-contrast imaging is used, the use of positive barrier contrast medium and subsequently the negative contrast media of methylcellulose. Thanks to this, the intestines can be displayed in good quality. Today is examined only on CT or MR using positive contrast agent intravenously. In the theoretical part, thin and thick intestine is described as these radiological examinations are focused on changes mainly in these sections of the digestive system. I deal with the anatomy and physiology of the thin and thick intestine, as well as their disorders, for which patients have to undergo these examination. In my work I describe the most common disorders of bowel function that are diagnosed during these examinations. I also deal with the description of the pre-enterocystic examination. The practical part describes the actual examination and the results of my work.
|
|
|
Monitoring methods in cardiovascular disease from the nurses point of view
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Anna
Theoretical basis: This thesis briefly describes the current status of cardiology and diagnostic methods conducted in this area. For diagnose of heart disease are used many diagnostic metods. Such as anamnesis , physical examination. Which include, view, palpation, percussion and auscultation. Diagnostic methods can be divided into invasive and non-invasive. Invasive methods measures central blood pressure, heart catheterization, coronary angiography and electrophysiological testing. Between noninvasive methods are include blood pressure monitors, ECG, echocardiography, tilt table test, stress test and X-ray examinations. The aim of the thesis: In the empirical part of this work are conducted interviews with nurses working at the Cardiological Department in selected South Bohemian hospitals. The goal of the research was to find out which methods are used by nurses in ECG and complications that nurses know the context of the implementation coronarographic examination. Methodology: The research survey has revealed the specifics of nursing care in coronary examinations and methods which nurses perform during an ECG. The research was conducted through qualitative based on interviews with nurses. The interview contained twenty-two issues that were focused on Coronary and ECG. Inteviews were recorded on an electronic recorder after permission nurses. During the interviews, I took notes on paper. All interviews were then transferred to Microsoft Office Word. Before starting the interviews, had been sent a request for approval in writing to head nurse in selected South Bohemian hospitals. Before beginning the interviews I've printed out twenty-two questions prepared in advance. Questions were divided into three categories. The identification part, the part concerning examination and coronarographic part focused on an ECG. Results: The interview shows that nurses from cardiology department know the basic complications which may be invoked in connection with the examination of the coronary. The most common complication which could nurses experience is pain, hematoma and bleeding. Nurses don´t offten meet with less frequent complications, although they know these complications. Nurses know what to follow in order to avoid complications. Nurses are aware that proper preparation of the patient for testing and subsequently monitoring the patient's condition after the examination can prevent complications. Nurses also warn patients to avoid straining of their limb. The research shows that for nurses is ECG well known and is conducted several times a day. For the examination nurses are preparing EKG machine, water or gel, wipes, disinfecting apparatus, and gloves. Some nurses also prepares disposable razor. Conclusion: This thesis should more extend overview about diagnostics metods of cardiovascular system. I also strive to make diagnostic methods more well-known for nurses outside the cardiology department. In cardiology is constantly improving the quality of diagnostics methods and prognosis of patients is still improving. I hope that my work will bring quality and complete summary of the investigative methods in cardiology and becomes a learning tool for someone else.
|
guest ::
