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Analysis of thermal power plants environmental impacts using radioanalytical methods
Král, Dušan ; Ing. Ondřej Huml, Ph.D., KJR FJFI ČVUT v Praze (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
Operation of classical power sources, like coal fueled thermal power plants, causes more or less strong impact on surrounded environment. Beside to the generally discussed CO2 emissions, there are CO, SOx, NOx too; and also fly ash emissions containing various trace elements depending on coal quality. Heavy trace elements carried by fly ash generate locally distributed fallout and contaminate soil in the power plant neighborhood for many years. These elements may be detected in soil samples as well as in biomass. Objectives of this work are to find and quantify trace elements in soil samples near Oslavany hard coal fueled thermal plant, which was in operation from 1913 to 1993. Power plant did not use any advanced fly ash filters. Hard coal was used as a fuel for power plant and it was mined locally in Rosice-Oslavany coal district in very deep mines (up to 1428 m). Coal contained a lot of trace elements. A mine as well as power plant is for more than 20 year closed, but trace elements can be still find in the environment. Main goal is to find these elements using activation analysis and gamma-ray spectrometry methodology. We have assembled thirty six soil samples in square lattice drawn around Oslavany power plant brownfield. On behalf of cooperation with colleagues from the Czech Technical University in Prague and their Open-Access project, we irradiated samples in three vertical channels of VR-1 research nuclear reactor. Irradiated samples were transported to gamma spectroscopy & activation analysis laboratory and measured by HPGe detector. Gamma spectra were analyzed and some trace elements identified. We have determine relative and absolute concentration of found elements. We observe and determine activity and weight of As, U, Ba, La, Eu, Mn, K, V, Mg and Na only. Results show a real suspicion for increase of trace elements in soil samples of hard coal power plant surroundings.
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Využití kombinovaného hnojiva ve výživě pšenice ozimé
Moravanský, Jakub
The aim of this work is the utilization of combined fertilizer in winter wheat nutrition. The experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2020-2021; 2021-2022) at the experimental site in Žabčice. The examined fertilizer FertiTOP 44 NPS was applied in early spring in two doses (54 kg/ha N and 30 kg/ha N). As a control treatment, the common nitrogen technology was used with the application of LAD 27 fertilizer at a dose of 30 kg/ha N. Additional fertilization of every treatment during the vegetation was identical. (LAD 27: 65 kg/ha N; DAM 390: 40 kg/ha N). The application of the combined fertilizer FertiTOP 44 NPS in full dose positively influenced the growth, yield and grain quality of winter wheat. The plant analysis during the vegetation showed a statistically significant effect of fertilization by full dose of FertiTOP 44 NPS on dry weight. There was also increase in grain yield in both years under study (+0.6 t/ha in 2021; +0.3 t/ha in 2022). At the same time, the protein content increased (+0.5% in 2021; +1.1% in 2022). For gluten content, the results were similar to the control. For the sedimentation parameter, an increase was observed in both years (+3.5 ml in 2021; +7 ml in 2022). These results are indicating that the application of phosphorus, sulphur and trace elements in winter wheat nutrition improves the baking quality of the grain.
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Vliv vybraných minerálních prvků ve vztahu ke krevnímu obrazu u skotu.
DRESLER, Sylva
The aim of the current doctoral thesis is to evaluate the influence of the composition of a total mixed ration supplemented with dietary, organically bound zinc on health status and related hematological and biochemical parameters and mineral levels in blood in cows and their calves. The experimental part is divided in two subareas. The first experiment is monitoring the effect of supplementation of the organic form of zinc on lactation performance of cows and effect of TMR composition on the blood parameters of the hematological, metabolic, and mineral profile of cows and their calves. The second experiment is focused on an effect of the addition of organic zinc on blood parameters, health, and immunological status of weaned calves - metabolic profile, concentration of vitamins A and E, trace elements Cu and Zn, and total immunoglobulin levels in blood serum.
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Diel variations of selected elements in arsenic-rich stream at the Mokrsko
Nováková, Barbara ; Drahota, Petr (advisor) ; Skřivan, Petr (referee)
The filtration and ultrafiltration experiment was applied on the stream water at the Mokrsko gold deposit and the results revealed that most of the elements were in the dissolved form and the 0,45 or 0,1 m filters could be used. During two 24-h field experiments, water samples were collected at 1-h intervals in order to prove the diel changes in the concentration and speciation of several trace elements. The determination of sorption processes at the surface of or within the veneer of biofilm has been determined by collecting natural and artificial priphyton. The results showed regular diel changes of As, Sb and Mo with highest concentrations occurring after the moon and the lowest concentrations in the early morning. The dissolved concentrations of other elements are conservative or their values were closed to their detection limits. The diel cycles are caused by changes in adsorption/desorption equilibria induced by diel cycles of temperature. The samples of biofilm revealed increased concentrations of the elements under the study and their diel variation were significant (approximatelly 35-96%); however, biofilm-controlled diel cycles of dissolved concentrations have not been proved.
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Trace elements in carbonates of the Czech Creataceous Basin
Štěpánková, Anna ; Procházka, Václav (advisor) ; Štaffen, Zdeněk (referee)
The presented work is focused on research of distribution of trace elements in carbonate sediments and fossils in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. To obtain maximum information about the composition of the primary carbonate and its crystallization environment, the trace elements were analyzed mainly in fractions soluble in diluted acid. Another objective is the comparison of trace-element abundance in the soluble fraction and in the residue (or in the total mass of the samples). The results show that there are no systematic differences in the chemical composition of the original carbonate between various regions and stratigraphic positions (Cenomanian - upper Turonian). Elements like Sr, Mg and Mn in carbonate were affected by diagenesis, but contents and mutual ratios of the rare earth elements in all carbonates are similar and are characterized by negative cerium anomaly. The Ce-anomaly could be attenuated by elevated content of clastic matter, and in the soluble portions ocassionally via contamination by secondary phosphate. On the other hand, soluble fractions of limonite-rich and calcite-poor sandstones have positive cerium anomaly, which is the effect of Ce-sorbtion on limonite.
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Use of trace elements and Pb isotopes for bioarchaeological research of selected burial grounds
Bartoš, Jan ; Mihaljevič, Martin (advisor) ; Strnad, Ladislav (referee)
SUMMARY: Aim of this thesis is to provide, by using trace elements analysis and Pb isotopes analysis of archaeological findings from Roman era and following migration period, informations about basic bioarchaeological parameters of sites Abrahám, Rusovce II and Sládkovičovo (territory of present Slovakia) and Sopianae site (area of present Pécs city in Hugary). Analyses were performed on samples of 81 bones and 21 dental enamels. For purposes of this work most important concentrations are of Ca, P, Sr, Zn, Ba, Fe, Al, Mn and Pb (and its isotopes). They were consequently used for calculating Ca/P ratio in order to assess extent of after-burial diagenetic changes. For this purpose Al and Fe concentrations were taken into account too. Sr/Ca and Sr/Zn ratios were compared to assess prevailing type of diet. The Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios were compared in order to asess supposable mobility of some individuals. By using of Pb concentrations and its isotopes contamination by this metal was assessed. During interpretations of individual conclusions useability of samples outgoing from assessment of extent of diagenetic alterations were always taken into account. Little changes in chemical composition of samples arise in case of Sopianae site, samples from other sites are greatly preserved. Using of paleodietary...
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Trace and minor elements in coal and methods of their investigation
Páchová, Helena ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sýkorová, Ivana (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to provide an overview of the minor and trace elements in coal matter and to characterize their origin, distribution and effect on quality of coal in term of its industrial utilization, including potential environmental impacts. The thesis describes main methods currently used when investigating coal geochemistry and mineralogy. The thesis includes overview of the distribution of these elements in the major coal deposits of the Czech Republic.
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Interactions of macrofungi and trace elements in soils
Cejpková, Jaroslava
This PhD thesis follows my master's thesis, which I focused on the problem of uranium determination and content in macrofungal fruit-bodies (the results have been published, Appendix 1). Macrofungi apparently do not accumulate uranium in fruit-bodies but as other studies suggested major roles of fungi in environmental geochemistry of uranium, I hypothesized possible accumulation of uranium and other elements in ectomycorrhizae. I therefore decided to continue the research and focus on investigation of trace elements in ectomycorrhizae. As I had opportunity to use a variety of analytical methods, I also participated in other studies in the field geomycology and the results are included in this thesis. In response to alarmist reports in Czech media, I focused on activity and distribution of radiocaesium in fruit-bodies of Boletus badius. As demonstrated in Appendix 2, the fruit- bodies of this species do not represent a health risk for mushroom consumers. Distribution of mycelium of saprotrophic Agaricus bernardii in a soil profile in Prague was investigated by use of molecular methods (PCR with specific primers). The results have shown that the mycelium reaches the depth of 30 cm. Lead isotopic composition of fruit- bodies suggests lead can be accumulated from soil depth of 13-17 cm (Appendix 3)....
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