|
|
Public Choice Theory and the Russian Food Ban
Savory, Oliver ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Figueira, Filipa (referee) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
In this thesis I look at economic statecraft and try to examine why sanctions continue when they are failing, and why countries continue to use them despite debatable claims for success. For example, Hufbauer et. al.'s 2009 analysis shows sanctions only work 34% of the time, Pape (1997) estimates only 5%. Despite this economic statecraft is having a resurgence under the name "geoeconomics". This thesis builds off Kaempfer and Lowenberg's 1988 "Public Choice" theory of international economic sanctions. It hypothesises that in certain cases the domestic interests will be the primary goal of sanctions and therefore should be the primary focus of judging the success or failure of sanctions. Russia's 2014 food import ban is analysed to show that, despite failure to achieve any international goals, it is being successful at achieving the domestic goal of supporting Russian agriculture. The implications being that all current quantitative analysis of economic sanctions have potentially incorrectly measured sanctions as failures by not measuring them against the actual goals of the policies. Further research into this area to establish just how often sanctions are used primarily for domestic reasons, but even sanctions where domestic goals are only of secondary importance, their existence still needs to be...
|
|
|
Dopady politického cyklu na saldo státního rozpočtu v zemích EU
Ftoreková, Michaela
The aim of the Master thesis is to evaluate how political business cycle affected the balance of state budgets of the EU countries for quarterly data from 1995 to 2015. In the models economic indicators are used GDP per capita, economic growth, unemployment and inflation. Political indicators are term of election and orientation of political party are used to measure the political business cycle. The interdependence between political business cycle and balance of state budgets of EU countries is quantified by panel regression analysis. The discussion part con-sists of two questions. The first question looks into the differences in the political cycle between the old and new EU states. The second question discusses if in the 21th century are more important political determinants of economic cycle than economic determinants. The results indicate that the influence of political business cycle is detected in models for all EU countries and for the new EU countries.Formula clause:Ftoreková, M. The influence of political business cycle on balance of the state budgets of the EU countries. Master thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2017.
|
|
|
Politický cyklus a vládní výdaje v Řecku
Hromádková, Anita
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to examine whether a political cycle has an influence on government expenditures in Greece. The thesis contains a description of a Greek voting system and there are listed the results of parliamentary election in the country since the fall of the dictatorship in 1974. The empirical part of the thesis examines the effects of political business cycle in Greece state, based on annual time series analysis between 1980 and 2017. For the analysis purpose is used the OLS method. The differences between general government total expenditures and government consumption expenditures are observed. The results of testing indicate the effect of political business cycle. Furthermore, election dates exogenously fixed by law are differentiated from early evoked elections. The results of testing are pointing out, that fiscal policy is being manipulated especially during early evoked elections.
|
|
|
Symmetrical Concept of the State
Gregárek, Matěj ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee) ; Sobek, Tomáš (referee)
Symmetrical Concept of the State Abstract: The doctoral thesis uses the perspective of Public Choice (political economy) on a descriptive level and the perspective of philosophical anarchism on a normative level to critically assess the concept of modern state (and its crises and legitimacy), as it is used in Staatswissenschaften and political philosophy. Common theme of both paradigms is insistence on symmetry of assumptions when analyzing the state; particularities of the state, as compared to other social institutions, do not play the role of explanans, but that of explanandum. Traditional concepts of political philosophy (sovereignty, will of the people, legitimacy) are consistently put in the context of the general social phenomena, from which they are (or should be) derived. The symmetrical approach asserts itself primarily against the fictional nature of some political concepts; in this thesis, fictional concepts are approached as assumptions of a "political model" and their unrealistic nature is not seen problematic so far as they stay within the model. However, at the same time, the question about the external (normative and practical) relevance (validity) of such a model arises. First part of the thesis argues for applicability - and in fact, indispensability - of the economic toolkit...
|
|
|
Tax Changes, Economic and Election Cycle
NOVÁKOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis is focused on the tax changes in the Czech Republic. It examines the taxes' influence during the election period. The thesis starting with Tax Theory and Theory of Public Choice. The general government establishes the taxes; however, there are special-interest groups and bureaucracy, which enforce their interest. The government changes the tax rates to prevent cyclical fluctuations in the economy. The opportunistic theory says that politicians encourage measures that represents the Median Voter in order to be re-elected. The ideological theory says that there is a difference between leftist and rightist parties. These theories are investigated under the conditions of the Czech Republic in 1995 and 2016. The thesis is focused on changes of the revenue side of the state budget. The data are used and are available on the website of the Czech Statistical Office, Finanční správa ČR, AMECO and Revenue Statistics of OECD. To demonstrate of political budget cycle is used the Least Squares Method. The explained variable is tax quota and the revenues of individual taxes. The explanatory variables are: election year, year after election and the reign of the leftist party, which is called Česká sociálně demo-kratická strana (ČSSD). The next explanatory variables are enter of the Czech Republic to European Union and the debt of state budget. The result is to prove the existence of the ideological concept of political-budget cycle in the Czech Republic.
|
|
|
Influence of Ideology of Government Structure on State Budget of Czech Republic between 1993-2014
Doškářová, Barbora ; Ševčíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Prudká, Šárka (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with analysis of revenues and expenditures of state budget in the Czech Republic and investigate whether in the Czech Republic since its formation apply traditional theories and opinions regarding state revenues and expenditures or there is already almost no differences between the traditional right- and left-wing policy and populist politics that is not based on ideological grounds plays the primary role. In the theoretical part there is presented the basic theory in the area of ideology as the basis for following analysis of Czech political scene and Public choice theory as the basis for an economic analysis of political decision-making. Subsequently, this section also explains the basic theoretical knowledge of the state budget and understanding budgetary policy from the perspective of two most important ideologies, right- and left-wing. In the analytical part certain data about revenues and expenditures of the state budget variables are analyzed using a two-tailed Wilcoxon test which tests the equality of the medians of the selection group. Diploma thesis confirmed that the erasure of differences between right- and left-wing in budgetary policy in the Czech Republic are insignificant and since its formation still hold traditional views and theories about state revenues and expenditures.
|
|
|
Application of Public Choice Theory to the Olympic Games in Prague
Mutl, Lukáš ; Gráf, Václav (advisor) ; Vokoun, Marek (referee)
Prague competed for holding of the Olympic Games for year 2016, but it did not manage to get to the candidate selection of cities and ended only between applicants. Objective of the work is to apply the public choice theory to holding of the Olympics in Prague, focusing on the interest groups theory. Public choice theory and theory of the interest groups is explained at first. Following part of the work is dedicated to those interest groups which made a profit on mere candidacy and which groups would gain from competition. This work also solves all of the consequences of holding and answeres to the question, why try to compete for Olympic Games.
|
|
|
Political Cycle in the European Union Countries
Koman, Martin ; Musil, Martin (advisor) ; Luštický, Martin (referee)
The aim of my thesis "Politic cycle in the European Union countries" is to analyse the possibility of existence of a politic cycle in chosen countries of the EU. The firs half of my thesis is introducing the issue of the public choise theory and different views at this theory together with models of politic cycle. The other part I am dealing with is political and economic backrounds of chosen countried in closer detail and after data analysis of politic-economic development I would like to try to point out possible existence of political cycle. I will use model of politic cycle based on budget policy above all in the analysis.
|
|
|
Political cycle in times of economic crisis
Joska, Jan ; Czesaný, Slavoj (advisor) ; Mládek, Josef (referee)
The diploma thesis analyzes, whether became in the case of the development of real GDP, inflation and unemployment in the Czech Republic and the USA to systematic influence these macroeconomic indicators of the ruling parties and their political orientation. The work is focused on the period from the beginning of the 1990's of 20th century to the present, with an emphasis on the pre-crisis and crisis periods of the current economic crisis. Tested are two fundamental theoretical concepts. The first one is a model of opportunistic theories of the business cycle, then the second one, the model of the ideological theory of the economic cycle. The work also analyzes whether there was in these two states deliberate influencing of government expenditure in electoral periods in order to increase the chances of government politicians for re-election. The work also explores the similarities and differences of the pre-crisis and crisis periods of the current economic crisis to the great depression of the 1930's of 20th century.
|
|
|
EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS IN A FORM OF MEAL VOUCHERS AND INTEREST GROUPS BEHIND
Eichlerová, Tereza ; Munzi, Tomáš (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee)
I focused my thesis on the meal advantages for the employees, specifically a tax advantage by way of meal tickets, which is still much debated because of possible cancellation of meal vouchers, even though they are one of the most popular employee benefits. The meal vouchers inherently belongs to the interest groups, who attempt to present system of tax relief to keep meal tickets, using political lobbying. The theoretical part is based on access to the public school choice, which deals with the first public choice theory, and then the interest groups' issue. The practical part will be applied to the public choice theory and interest groups on the current meal vouchers' system in Czech Republic for a period of the effectiveness of the current law, together with a comparative analysis with other countries. Then I analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the current employment benefits by meal tickets through their tax advantage and outline the possible effective alternatives.
|
guest ::
