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Povrchová úprava kuchyňských pracovních desek
Endlicherová, Veronika
This bachelor thesis deals with the problematics of kitchen worktops finishing. It evaluates the physico-mechanical, chemical, ecological, utility and visual properties of surface treatment of composite materials, wood-based materials and solid oak and cherry wood used for the manufacture of kitchen worktops. Solid wood samples were finished with a transparent polyurethane coating. In this research, the requirements for the surface finish of kitchen worktops were analysed. These materials are being compared in terms of physico-mechanical properties, as well as utility and appearance characteristics. The materials were subjected to tests in order to verify the resistances to cold liquids, wet heat, dry heat, falling bead, abrasion, scratch, steam, film hardness, surface gloss and color.
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Možnosti využití přírodních insekticidů
Malec, Josef
Botanical insecticides are naturally occurring chemicals synthesized by plants for defend against herbivores. The aim was to verify the possibility of using natural insecticides to protect of cherries against cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi L., 1758). In 2016, was evaluated the efficacy of three natural insecticides (spinosad, azadirachtin, pyrethrins) in the cherry orchards near the village of Bílé Podolí in the district of Kutná Hora (240 m a. s. l.). Their efficacy was compared with a synthetic insecticide (acetamiprid) and an untreated control. Insecticides were applied by cherry fruit fly adults caught on yellow sticky plates. Efficacy was evaluated in two periods, one week after the last treatment and during harvest maturity (June 23). Maximal efficacy of 100% was found after application of Piretro Verde (pyrethrins), and the product Mospilan (acetamiprid). Efficacy of preparation Spintor Fly (spinosad) was 95.83%, of preparation Neem Azal TS (azadirachtin) in combination with a food attractant was 83.33%. All used natural insecticides have shown efficacy in protection of cherries against cherry fruit fly.
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Moderní pěstitelské technologie třešní
Štochl, Marek
New cherry orchards are planted in denser spacing with less vigorous rootstocks and using new training systems. The aim of the thesis was to compare two training systems (central leader, Spanish bush) with respect to growing (tree height, canopy volume, trunk cross-section area, pruning requirements), yielding (yield per tree, yield per TCSA, fruit weight, and cumulative yield) and physiologic characteristics (stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, macro- and microelement leaf content). For this purpose, two cherry orchards were chosen. The first one was planted with commercially produced Burlat and Kordia sweet cherry trees on Gisela 5 and Colt rootstock in spring 2005. The trees were trained in two above mentioned systems and evaluated for four years. The trees of both varieties on rootstock P-TU-1 (similar to Mazzard) trained as central leader were used as a control. The trees were planted in two replications of four trees per each. The second orchard was planted with commercially produced Sweetheart sweet cherry trees on P-TU-1 rootstock and trained also in the two systems. In each variant twenty-one trees were evaluated for three years. In the first orchard, the most characteristics except the micro- and macroelement content were significantly related to rootstock and/or training system. In the most cases, rootstock had stronger effect than training system except the pruning requirements and tree height. The variety had the strongest effect on fruit weight. In the second orchard, the significant differences were found in the most characteristics except yielding characteristics in the first year of evaluation and the pruning requirements in the first two years of evaluation. The use of growth regulator (6-benzyladenin) for production of high quality cherry tree saplings for modern orchards was tested. The trial was realized at two localities. At the first locality two varieties (Hedelfingen´s, Kordia) on two rootstocks (mahaleb, Mazzard) were used for testing while the variety Sweetheart on P-TU-1 was used at the second locality. Two treatments (spraying, spraying with the defoliation of the top part of the tree) and the control treatment (without spraying) were made for two (first locality) or three years (second locality). At the both localities, the significant differences in total growth per tree, angle of shoots, number of annual shoots and sapling height were found even if the differences between localities and the growing years were found. At the first locality, the strongest effect was due to the rootstock used whereas at the second locality, it was the treatment used. From the results of the shoot number, the best treatment seems to be the spraying with the defoliation of the top part of the tree. The presented results can be utilized in high quality production of sweet cherry tree saplings from nurseries and their subsequent planting in the intensive sweet cherry tree orchards.
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Nabídka výrobků z třešní a višní v maloobchodní síti
Samiecová, Adéla
The bachelor thesis titled The offer of sweet and sour cherries products in retail chain was created at Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice, the Institute of Post-Harvest Technology of Horticultural Products during years 2016-2017. The bachelor thesis contains the technological principles of sweet and sour cherry products. It i salso focused on the quality requirements of each product made from sweet and sour cherries and compares the range of these products in a selected part of the retail network. Sour cherry products prevail above sweet cherry products in the offered assortment of products because sweet cherries are mainly consumed in fresh state, while the sour cherry fruits are mostly processed. The most frequent product available in the retail trade has been sour cherry jam and syrup.
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Ribonucleic acids extraction in sweet cherry
Vojáčková, Karolína ; Sedlák, Petr (advisor) ; Korecký, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the Isolaton RNA in sweet cherries. The turning point was the literature review on this topic. First chapters mentions the problemes of studying two main topics, which are RNA and a description of cherry (Prunus avium). Sweet cherry is a part of Noble hardwoods. Researches of sweet cherries can deal with an insufficient amount of quality planting material needed to breed new varieties. The biggest attention has given to the methods of RNA isolation, their comparison and analysis of already isolated RNA. The work describes five methods most commonly used for the isolation of RNA by phenol-chloroform, adsorption to silica, CTAB, TRIzol, magnetic separation and the using commercially marketed kits.
Phenol-chloroform method divides the lysate with a mixture of phenol, chloroform and isoamylalcohol in two phases, an upper aqueous, that includes the nucleic acids and lower organic.
Adsorption on silica using properties of nucleic acids bind to the surface of the silica in the presence of chaotropic salts.
CTAB method involves the use of extraction buffer with CTAB, which forms a precipitate with the nucleic acids. The pellet is then resuspended in DEPC-water.
TRIzol method uses a combination of guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform. Like the phenol-chloroform method produces a precipitate, but treatment with guanidine thiocyanate, upper phase contained only RNA.
During the magnetic separation are the nucleic acids bound to the surface of the magnetized particles.
Subsequent genetic analysis that can detect and quantify the isolated RNA may be used in RT-PCR analysis, electrophoresis, and microarray hybridization methods northern blot and dot blot.
Bachelor thesis has written as a compilation literature review to inform the about mentioned topics. Any own research part is not here, because of the compilation character.
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Influence of rootstock on growth and fertility of choosen sweet cherry varieties
Englisch, Jakub ; Sus, Josef (advisor) ; Zíka, Lukáš (referee)
The main aim today is to improve the cultivation of fruits and intensification of production for satisfactory market supply quality products. This can be achieved by selecting an appropriate combination of base-variety and cultivation using perspective shape (spindle). The newly founded modern planting in the growing spindle-shaped when in use slow- growing rootstock up to several hundred more trees per hectare of orchards and fertility beginning to enter the third year, which is significantly earlier than in past years. In earlier planting was used, lusher rootstocks, but also used other forms of cultivation. Weakly vigorous rootstocks were represented in my attempt rootstock P-HL-A and Gisela 5.
The theoretical part focuses on the general demands of growing cherries, cherry growing importance and its botanical description, pests and diseases cherry rootstock influence on the variety and rootstock description. The experimental part of the work specializes in the characterization of habitat and experimental material, describes methods of assessment and method of the experiment itself, the experiment results and the conclusions drawn. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different rootstocks on growth and fertility, selected varieties of cherries grown in the shape of the spindle in the third and sixth year after planting.
In the course of short-term plantings of cherries grown in the shape of the spindle it showed that rootstock P-HL-A variety 'Burlat' had a 19% increase compared with lusher 'Karešova' variety was planted on the same rootstock. Although the variety 'Karešova' had a smaller volume of crowns and reached compared to the variety 'Burlat' higher overall revenue (10.4%) and higher specific revenues, but the variety 'Burlat' reached about 10% higher compared to the average weight of the fruit variety 'Karešova'. Variety 'Sweet Early Panaro 1' on Gisela 5 rootstock had a 21% growth compared to the wilder variety 'Rita' (Gisela 5), higher total return (16.7%) was recorded in the variety 'Sweet Early Panaro 1', but specific (specific) revenues were a variety 'Rita' almost the same. Among the varieties 'Rita' and 'Sweet Early 1' Panaro was a big difference in the mean fetal weight. Variety 'Sweet Early Panaro 1' had a 40% higher compared to the average weight of the fruit variety 'Rita'.
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DNA Extraction of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.)
Hřebcová, Kateřina ; Sedlák, Petr (advisor) ; Korecký, Jiří (referee)
Isolation of high quality DNA in satisfactory yield and purity is a fundamental and essential step for all molecular-biological studies and analyses. The process of its extraction can be complicated by many of materials like are polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins and other metabolites that can be co-isolated with nucleic acids and can act as inhibitors of PCR and cause deterioration of samples for further analyses.
In this thesis, mostly used methods of plant DNA isolation were mapped, and, in experimental part, results, regarded to the yield and purity, of selected plant DNA isolation methods were compared. DNA was obtained from various tissues of Prunus avium L. species, namely from fresh leaves, buds and from frozen embryos of several varieties. Comparison of the two commercial isolation kits (DNeasy Plant Mini Kit by Qiagen and GeneEluteTM Plant Genomic DNA Miniprep Kit, Sigma Aldrich) was the original intention. The first of the kits was replaced by simple and quick DEP-25 DNA Extraction Kit, Top-Bio and the experiment was extended with CTAB DNA isolation protocol, both with and without application of RNase into the protocol.
The results obtained proved quite significant differences between the methods used, both in yield and purity. The original assumption, supported by several studies, that commercial kits not always gain relevant results, regarded to ability to provide pure DNA, was not accurately proven, the assumption that the CTAB protocol can gain satisfactory results according to the DNA yield and purity was proved only with some tissues. The results of the spectrophotometry were supported with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses conducted with the isolated DNA samples and after statistical evaluation were discussed.
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