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Development of surface and body musculature of the bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti
Bulantová, Jana
Description of Trichobilharzia regenti as a new species of nasal bird schistosome in 1998 was only the first step in our knowledge of this extraordinary parasite. Natural definitive hosts of T. regeni are anseriform birds, but infective larvae - cercariae - are able to penetrate also into mammalian hosts including humans. There they are causative agents of hypersensitive skin immune reaction called cercarial dermatitis or swimmer's itch. Contrary to other schistosomes, miracidia of T. regenti hatch directly inside the definitive host tissue. Schistosomula migrate through the nervous system of vertebrates and, together with adult worms, they have predominantly extravascular localization in definitive hosts. Adult worms have a short lifespan and low degree of sexual dimorphism, connected with lower dependence of adult females on long-term contact with males. During the life cycle, T. regenti can be found within three different environments (freshwater, tissue of intermediate molluscan host and tissue of vertebrate host). Each of the seven developmental stages has a different role in the life cycle which corresponds with different organization of various organ systems. The introductory part of the thesis is focused entirely on ontogenetic changes of surface ultrastructure and body musculature of...
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Plynová chromatografie mastných kyselin ve vybraných živočišných tkáních
Drábková, Michaela
The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine, using gas chromatography, fatty acids in selected animal tissues. Specifically, the muscle, liver, pulmonary and adipose tissues were observed. A total of 32 piglets were divided into two groups with 16 pigs in each group. During 75 days of fattening, each group was given a feed mixture differing in the type of oil added. The experimental group was fed a basic feed mixture with the addition of 2,5 % fish oil, whilst the control group with the addition of 2,5 % palm oil. The animals were fed ad libitum. After slaughter, samples of selected tissues were taken and the process of lyophilisation was carried out. Using extraction method according to Hara, Radin (1978), lipids from lyophilized tissue samples were extracted. Fatty acids present within these lipids were then transformed into more volatile fatty acid methyl esters by the process of derivatization. These were then determined by gas chromatography and the results were statistically evaluated. The effect of fish oil in the feed mixture resulted in the increase of PUFA n-3 (P < 0.01) in all of the tested tissues. The addition of palm oil, on the other hand, had an effect on the content (P < 0.05) of SFA, MUFA in the tested tissues.
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Rozsah ukládání mastných kyselin z diet obohacených různými typy olejů ve svalovině pokusných živočichů
Toporská, Martina
The diploma thesis is divided into two parts – theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I deal with fatty acids. Specifically, the diploma thesis describes the physiology of fatty acids and their analytical determination by gas chromatography. Furthermore, I focus on the chemical structure of fatty acids, their division, metabolism and influence on human nutrition. The practical part deals with the feeding experiment in Wistar Albino rats and the subsequent tissue collection of these animals for analytical determination of fatty acids in their muscle. The extent of deposition of selected fatty acids in rat muscle was studied. The feed was supplemented with the following oils: palm, safflower, fish and Schizochytrium algae extract.
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Development of surface and body musculature of the bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti
Bulantová, Jana ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Nebesářová, Jana (referee) ; Toledo, Rafael (referee)
Description of Trichobilharzia regenti as a new species of nasal bird schistosome in 1998 was only the first step in our knowledge of this extraordinary parasite. Natural definitive hosts of T. regeni are anseriform birds, but infective larvae - cercariae - are able to penetrate also into mammalian hosts including humans. There they are causative agents of hypersensitive skin immune reaction called cercarial dermatitis or swimmer's itch. Contrary to other schistosomes, miracidia of T. regenti hatch directly inside the definitive host tissue. Schistosomula migrate through the nervous system of vertebrates and, together with adult worms, they have predominantly extravascular localization in definitive hosts. Adult worms have a short lifespan and low degree of sexual dimorphism, connected with lower dependence of adult females on long-term contact with males. During the life cycle, T. regenti can be found within three different environments (freshwater, tissue of intermediate molluscan host and tissue of vertebrate host). Each of the seven developmental stages has a different role in the life cycle which corresponds with different organization of various organ systems. The introductory part of the thesis is focused entirely on ontogenetic changes of surface ultrastructure and body musculature of...
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Development of surface and body musculature of the bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti
Bulantová, Jana
Description of Trichobilharzia regenti as a new species of nasal bird schistosome in 1998 was only the first step in our knowledge of this extraordinary parasite. Natural definitive hosts of T. regeni are anseriform birds, but infective larvae - cercariae - are able to penetrate also into mammalian hosts including humans. There they are causative agents of hypersensitive skin immune reaction called cercarial dermatitis or swimmer's itch. Contrary to other schistosomes, miracidia of T. regenti hatch directly inside the definitive host tissue. Schistosomula migrate through the nervous system of vertebrates and, together with adult worms, they have predominantly extravascular localization in definitive hosts. Adult worms have a short lifespan and low degree of sexual dimorphism, connected with lower dependence of adult females on long-term contact with males. During the life cycle, T. regenti can be found within three different environments (freshwater, tissue of intermediate molluscan host and tissue of vertebrate host). Each of the seven developmental stages has a different role in the life cycle which corresponds with different organization of various organ systems. The introductory part of the thesis is focused entirely on ontogenetic changes of surface ultrastructure and body musculature of...
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Vliv podmínek na nutriční hodnotu lososovitých ryb z intenzivních systémů chovu
Vlasák, Jiří
Presented diploma thesis deals with the issue of nutritional characteristics of the fish meat. Practical part is focused on the composition of rainbow trout meat originated from different rearing conditions. Samples for experimental evaluation were taken on June 14th-- 16th, 2014 from five fish-rearing facilities equipped with different rearing system. Ten rainbow trouts in marketable weight were taken from each facility to particular analysis. The fish were measured for length and weight characteristics from which the indices and indicators for condition and exterior evaluation were subsequently calculated. Also the yield and viscerosomatic index of fish were assessed. Biochemical composition of tissues, spectrum of fatty acids and sensory evaluation were assessed for the evaluation of nutritive value. The origin of fish was tested by genetic analysis. The best condition of rainbow trout was found out in flow-through system with short-time recirculation. The highest yield (almost 90%) was reached in fish with initial rearing in fish storage and consequent rearing in fishpond. Biochemical composition of muscle was significantly different mainly in the content of dry matter and fat. There was proved a mutual dependence between the content of dry matter and content of fat. The best results in sensory evaluation were reached in fish from flow-through system, the worst were reached in fish from recirculation facility. Genetic analysis recognised 4 homozygous haplotype and 1 heterozygous haplotype.
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Cattle Candidate Genes for Meat Production Traits
BLÁHOVÁ, Alice
The objective of this study was to compile a summary of the most important candidate genes for meat production. The studied genes were: GH, GHR, MSTN, MyoD family, leptin, IGF, TG5, SCD, DGAT and STAT5A. Growth hormone (GH) is involved in physiological processes of growth and metabolism. Growth hormone receptor (GHR) has been proposed as a candidate gene for meat production in cattle. Myostatin is a significant marker. It affects the amount of muscle, reduces marbling and elevate meat tenderness. MyoD family are proteins that play a role in regulating muscle differentiation. MyoD family include the genes: MYF3, MYF4, MYF5 and MYF6. Leptin is in association with the storage of fat, food intake and energy balance. The thyroglobulin gene (TG5) is the precursor for thyroid hormones. These hormones have important role in formation and differentitation of cells. Product of the SCD genes is stearoyl? CoA denaturase. This enzym is responsible for conversion of saturated fatty acids into monoinsaturated fatty acids. DGAT1 genes is a candidate gene for marbling of meat and fat in milk. STAT5A gene is a group of transcription factors and is very important intracellular mediator of prolactin.
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