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Study of chemical processes initiated by electrical discharge in liquids
Možíšová, Aneta ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
This Bachelor´s thesis in the first part describes the process of ignition of the plasma discharge in water solutions, the generation of the particles that are generated during the discharge and their subsequent analysis by appropriate analytical methods. The second part focuses on specific cases of the use of the plasma discharge in the environment of selected electrolyte, phosphates were selected for individual experiments and for the comparison of sodium chloride. Phosphates were chosen mainly because of their stable pH as a possible benefit in discharge. The aim is to obtain the most ideal environment for the ignition of the plasma discharge and to optimize the method, which could subsequently be used for medical purposes, especially when sterilizing tools
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Design of algorithms for a continuous steam quality measurement system
Hanák, Tomáš ; Tofel, Pavel (referee) ; Holcman, Vladimír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with proposal of algorithm for continuous system of sterilizated steam. At the beginning we deal with the process of sterilization and its methods. Later on we talk over about the saturated steam and parameters of saturated steam. At the end of the bachelors thesis we discuss about current measurement of sterilization steam quality. Then, the procedure of simultaneous measurement of sterilization steam quality is described here. The last part is the evaluation of measured data and presentation of their results.
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Polymeric biocompatible materials
Matlák, Jiří ; Stránský, Lubomír (referee) ; Molliková, Eva (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor’s thesis is polymeric biocompatible materials. In the first part the problematic of the biocompatible materials is discussed and the basic terms are explained. In the next part are described polymeric materials and their chemical composition, mechanical and chemical properties and examples of applications.
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Continuous measurement of the quality of steam
Rageh, Akram ; Sedlák, Petr (referee) ; Holcman, Vladimír (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá měřením, analýzou a následným nalezením vhodných fyzikálních parametrů pro analýzu kvality syté sterilizační páry. Tato práce si klade za cíl určit, kritické parametry systému vyvíječe páry pro provoz dle norem ČSN. Dílčí částí projektu je popis fyzikální sterilizace, syté páry, metod a senzorů pro kontrolu sterilizační páry.
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Study of the sterilization effect of temperature and UV light present in dielectric barrier discharge
Kramárová, Petra ; Grossmannová, Hana (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The main theme of this bachelor thesis is to study the effect of temperature and UV radiation to the total sterilizing effect of dielectric barrier discharge. Sterilization is a process, which can eliminate all forms of life. The presented bachelor thesis discusses plasma sterilization, which is one of the method, which are suitable for sterilization of heat and chemical sensitive materials. This sterilization method is effective on the wide spektrum of procaryotic and eucaryotic microorganisms. Basically, the main inactivation factors for cells exposed to plasma are heat, UV radiation and various reactive species. In my thesis a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operating at atmospheric pressure was used for the sterilization of the samples. Plasma was generated in argon and nitrogen. According to the previous measurement the best sterilization results were observed using plasma power input 2 562,96 mW•cm-3 (argon) a 2 044,44 mW•cm-3 (nitrogen), therefore the same plasma power input was applied during our measurement. Fungi spores of Aspergillus niger were used as model organisms. Whatman paper No. 1st was used as the carrying medium. Each sample series was exposed to plasma for 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120 and 180 s. In order to separate the effect of UV radiation generated by DBD the quartz glass transmitting UV radiation was used. During the plasma exposition one of the sample was covered with the quartz window and the other sample was directly exposed to the plasma, afterwards the results were compared. The microbial abatement observed for the samples covered by quartz window was much lower than for the the samples directly exposed to the plasma. In first case the UV radiation and temperature is the main inactivation mechanism, while in the latter one the synergistic effect of UV radiation, temperature and active species is employed. Furthermore the effect of plasma sterilization increases with increasing the plasma exposition time. While comparing results observed for the argon and nitrogen, better results were achieved in argon. Effects of UV radiation and temperature were studied separately. The temperature between the DBD electrodes was measured by means of thermocouple. Afterwards the samples were placed in an oven and exposed to the same temperature as was measured between the electrodes. By comparing the results of heat treated samples and plasma treated samples it can be assumed that the influence of the temperature during the sterilization process in DBD was negligeable. The discharge parameters were studied by means of the optical emission spectroscopy.
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Proposal for a new system of continuous quality measurement pairs
Foltová, Anežka ; Sedlák, Petr (referee) ; Holcman, Vladimír (advisor)
This paper deals with proposal of new continual system for quality measurement of sterilization steam. At the begining the process of sterilization is introduced. Then the concept of saturated streams, parameters for sterilization and sensors for measurement are described. Then the current process of measurement of steam quality is described and in the last part the proposal of the new system is introduced. After the draft was the measurement data, analysis and evalution.
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Study of sterilization effect of diaphragm discharge in liquids
Holíková, Lenka ; Slámová, Jitka (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The main objective of this thesis is to study the sterilizing effect of diaphragm discharge in liquids. Sterilization is a process, which can eliminate all forms of life. Generally, sterilization is divided into physical and chemical methods. Plasma sterilization is ranked among physical methods although the action of chemical processes participates in the decontamination as well. Effects of UV radiation, free radicals and temperature are utilized in these methods. Fungi spores of Aspergillus niger F8189 and bacteria spores of Bacillus subtilis are selected as model organisms. Aspergillus niger microorganism is suitable for its resistance to changes in pH and it is viable in a wide range of pH values. Bacillus subtilis is chosen because of a good heat resistance. Diaphragm discharge is one of the possible types of electrical discharges in generated liquids. It is a low-temperature plasma, which is generated using a high DC voltage. In the created plasma streamers various physical and chemical processes rise. The chemical processes are mainly the generation of active species and particles that initiate subsequent chemical reactions and attack mould spores and bacteria in liquids. The physical processes include shock waves, strong electric field and ultraviolet radiation. Experiments were conducted in a reactor with separate cathode and anode space. In the dielectric barrier PET diaphragm with a pin-hole (initial diameter of 0.4 mm) was attached. Enlargement of the hole was observed as a result of degradation of material at the edge of holes due to the discharge. Degradation of spores was observed, depending on the time and on the input power. Other parameters measured were pH, conductivity and temperature. Experiments did not show any difference of discharge activity in the cathode and anode area. The main factor in the removal of spores Aspergillus niger was probably the temperature because no demonstrable effect of sterilization by the diaphragm discharge operation had been observed when heat resistant Bacillus subtilis was used. Also, it was made an attempt, which has been studied only the temperature effect of the fungi spores of Aspergillus niger. The samples were placed in a thermoregulator, where it was simulated the same temperature increase as at the discharge. The experiment had a similar course as an attempt at the discharge.
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Physical properties of steam sterilization
Kotlánová, Markéta ; Sedlák, Petr (referee) ; Holcman, Vladimír (advisor)
The master’s thesis deals with finding, measurement and evaluation of suitable physical parameters for quality analysis of saturated steam sterilization according to ČSN EN 285 + A2, which is the first step for the replacement of outdated processes of the analysis by modern automation systems. The other part of the project contains description of physical sterilization, saturated steam, methods and sensors for the monitoring of steam sterilization and the measurement and evaluation of these issues.
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The status of transgender persons in civil law
Reck, Martin ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Hrádek, Jiří (referee)
The status of transgender persons in civil law Abstract The thesis focuses on the legal regulation of gender reassignment in the Czech Republic, both in terms of civil law and constitutional law. The thesis initially focuses mainly on the correct definition of important terms and their essential meaning. Attention is paid not only to transsexuality itself and its forms, but also to related conditions such as intersexuality and transvestitism. After discussing the human rights foundations of gender reassignment, the thesis briefly discusses the historical genesis of the legal regulation of gender reassignment. This is followed by a description of the currently effective legislation, including its shortcomings with regard not only to domestic law but also to the Czech Republic's international obligations under international human rights treaties. In this area, the greatest emphasis is then placed on the decision-making of the European Court of Human Rights, which is more advanced than Czech national courts in this area. Apart from transsexuality and the process of gender reassignment, the thesis also focuses on the opposite phenomenon, namely detransition. This topic is often neglected, even though it is a topic essentially inseparable from gender reassignment and offers many interesting legal issues. The...
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Sterilization of Roma women in Czechoslovakia in 60. to 80. years in social kontext
MEZEROVÁ, Kristýna
The Thesis definic Sterilization of Roma women in Czechoslovakia in 60. to 80. years in social kontext. The aim of this work is to chart the phenomenon of sterilisation of Romani woman in the 1960s to 1980s. The work will be a contribution to the debate on the non-obvious nature of human rights in totalitarian-run societies and may use in the future to compensate for analogon human rights abuses in other European countries or in other cultural circles. At the same time, it is a contribution to the discussion about the relationship of major companies of developed European countries with Roma or other ethnicities in general, which have difficulty adapting to the pressure of major society. At the same time, the work concerns medical ethics, the so-called biopower and medication of society, high-profile issues. To understand the issue, I outlined the evolution of eugenics and its effect on the sterilisation of Romani women. The work represents both medical and legal considerations. He also discusses the socialist society's attitude towards Roma. The work represents both medical and legal considerations. He also discusses the socialist society's attitude towards Roma. It discusses the consequences of limiting fertility on the women concerned from different aspects. This is research theoretical work, there is a historical method applied, especially analysis of literary sources. In particular, Czech-language but also English-language sources are used in the work. The work attempts to answer the following research questions: 1. What preceded the idea of limiting the fertility of Romani women? 2. Did eugenics affect the sterilization of Romani women? 3. How did socialist society feel about the influx of Roma? How did she consider the possibilities for their culture and fertility restrictions? 4. What were the consequences of limiting the fertility of Romani women in terms of social, psychological and physical?
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