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Stress strain analysis of the femur based on the CT data collection
Nečas, David ; Marcián, Petr (referee) ; Vosynek, Petr (advisor)
The area of clinical biomechanics is a rapidly growing engineering discipline in the world of today. This master's thesis is concerned with the stress-strain analysis of human femoral neck. In the first place it emphasizes the creation of computational model, especially the model of bone material, because of its high level of inhomogeneity. The creation of the computational model has been tested using several software packages, which are often mentioned in connection with the biomechanical tasks. The latter part of the thesis contains finite element method analysis for several material models, which are based on extensive analysis of relations used to transfer the information from computed tomography data to material model properties. Subsequently, the realization of experimental measurement is described. The final part of the thesis contains evaluated results obtained from the FEM analysis, which are also compared with the experiment.
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Strain-Stress analysis of pig femur
Legerský, Radek ; Valášek, Jiří (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with the strain-stress analyses of the pig femoral bone in physiological and pathological condition. Pathological condition is determined by a significant defect in diaphysis of the bone fixed by using direct angular stable locking plate with screws. The thesis describes the creation of computational models with special focus on bone tissues models of material, which are based on analysis of digital images from computed tomography (CT). There are created and analyzed three types of computational models: the first one corresponds to physiological condition of femur, the second one to femur with significant defect and fixation plate and the third one to femur with significant defect, fixation plate and rod. Every model is loaded in three ways: the first of them simulating the experimental conditions of pressure testing of the femur, the second one bone stress in the sagittal plane and the third one stress by using load determined from probational release of the pig hind limb. Strain-stress states are determined by finite element method using Ansys computational system. Gained results of stress and strain are compared with experimental measurements. The thesis presents a basic idea of the mechanical behavior of porcine femur and porcine femur with significant bone defect.
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Femoral and tibial cortical tissue distribution: the error ranges of cross-sectional parameters
Schuplerová, Eliška ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Velemínská, Jana (referee)
In biomechanical analyses, the position of long bone cross-section under study is defined relatively to biomechanical length (BML) of the bone. In damaged bones where BML can not be measured, the position of the cross-section has to be estimated. Sládek et al. (2010) studied the effect of inaccurately located femoral and tibial midshafts on the cross-sectional parameters in a pooled-sex sample from a single period. In the present study we aim to test whether the effect of inaccurately located femoral and tibial midshafts on the cross-sectional parameters is sample-specific and/or sex-specific. We used femora of 29 females and 25 males and tibiae of 24 females and 36 males from two different periods (Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age; early modern period). 29 cross-section CT scans per bone obtained at each 1% interval from 40% to 60% of BML and at each 5% interval from 20-40% and 60-80% of BML were available to us. We digitized the cross-section scans and computed the error ranges of the cross-sectional parameters. We compared the mean percentage difference (MD%) and mean accuracy range (MAR) between samples and sexes. Our results are in concordance with the results of Sladek et al. (2010): the cross-sectional parameters most sensitive to positioning error are tibial second moments of area (MAR...
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The estimation of cross-sectional properties of femur in non-adult individuals: effect of anatomical localization
Čerevková, Simona ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hora, Martin (referee)
Different tracing techniques of the subperiosteal and endosteal contours (manual, automatic, semi-automatic) or their combinations taken along femoral length in adult individuals can produce different values of cross-sectional geometric (CSG) parameters. Various tracing techniques are widely used in CSG studies of non-adult individuals as well, however, the accuracy of CSG parameters estimated along femoral diaphysis is not yet known for non-adult individuals. In this study, we investigate whether the manual tracing of the subperiosteal and endosteal contours taken at 80% of the femoral diaphyseal length in non-adult individuals can be replaced by another type of tracing in relation to CSG parameters estimation. We examine the effect of anatomical localization on accuracy of the CSG parameters estimated in non-adult individuals femora. We digitized the subperiosteal and endosteal contours in the micro-CT scans from femoral diaphyseal cross-sections in Early Medieval sample of non-adult individuals (N = 46). The digitization and computation of CSG parameters were made in Fiji software with EPJMacro implementation. The assessment of estimates' accuracy was expressed by percentage prediction error (%PE) and limits of agreement. Five percent of CSG parameter obtained from manually traced contours was...
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Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient after osteosynthesis of the lateral femoral condyle
Šírová, Anna ; Maršáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Reckziegelová, Petra (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient after osteosynthesis of the lateral femoral condyle Objectives: The main objective of this work is to get acquainted with the diagnosis - with knee injury and osteosynthesis of the lateral femoral condyle. In the general part of this work is elaborate literaly research, in this part we will acquainted in more details: with fractures of the distal femur, with their orthopedic solutions and subsequent physiotherapy. In the next we will learn about anatomical, biomechanical and kinesiological description of the knee joint, with a complete examination of the knee joint and with physiotherapy of this joint. In the special part of this work is described complete therapy of the patient after osteosynthesis of the lateral femoral condyle. This therapy was proceeded between 10 and 31 day after osteosynthesis. Methods: For the development of this thesis was used method analysis of scientific literature, his comprehensive procesing and classification under the assigned theme which is located in the general part of work. In the special part of this work was used acquired knowledge form the study of physiotherapy at the Fakulty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles Univesity. Simultaneously foundation for the special part of work were obtained during...
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Femoral and tibial cortical tissue distribution: the error ranges of cross-sectional parameters
Schuplerová, Eliška ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Velemínská, Jana (referee)
In biomechanical analyses, the position of long bone cross-section under study is defined relatively to biomechanical length (BML) of the bone. In damaged bones where BML can not be measured, the position of the cross-section has to be estimated. Sládek et al. (2010) studied the effect of inaccurately located femoral and tibial midshafts on the cross-sectional parameters in a pooled-sex sample from a single period. In the present study we aim to test whether the effect of inaccurately located femoral and tibial midshafts on the cross-sectional parameters is sample-specific and/or sex-specific. We used femora of 29 females and 25 males and tibiae of 24 females and 36 males from two different periods (Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age; early modern period). 29 cross-section CT scans per bone obtained at each 1% interval from 40% to 60% of BML and at each 5% interval from 20-40% and 60-80% of BML were available to us. We digitized the cross-section scans and computed the error ranges of the cross-sectional parameters. We compared the mean percentage difference (MD%) and mean accuracy range (MAR) between samples and sexes. Our results are in concordance with the results of Sladek et al. (2010): the cross-sectional parameters most sensitive to positioning error are tibial second moments of area (MAR...
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Stress strain analysis of the femur based on the CT data collection
Nečas, David ; Marcián, Petr (referee) ; Vosynek, Petr (advisor)
The area of clinical biomechanics is a rapidly growing engineering discipline in the world of today. This master's thesis is concerned with the stress-strain analysis of human femoral neck. In the first place it emphasizes the creation of computational model, especially the model of bone material, because of its high level of inhomogeneity. The creation of the computational model has been tested using several software packages, which are often mentioned in connection with the biomechanical tasks. The latter part of the thesis contains finite element method analysis for several material models, which are based on extensive analysis of relations used to transfer the information from computed tomography data to material model properties. Subsequently, the realization of experimental measurement is described. The final part of the thesis contains evaluated results obtained from the FEM analysis, which are also compared with the experiment.
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Strain-Stress analysis of pig femur
Legerský, Radek ; Valášek, Jiří (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with the strain-stress analyses of the pig femoral bone in physiological and pathological condition. Pathological condition is determined by a significant defect in diaphysis of the bone fixed by using direct angular stable locking plate with screws. The thesis describes the creation of computational models with special focus on bone tissues models of material, which are based on analysis of digital images from computed tomography (CT). There are created and analyzed three types of computational models: the first one corresponds to physiological condition of femur, the second one to femur with significant defect and fixation plate and the third one to femur with significant defect, fixation plate and rod. Every model is loaded in three ways: the first of them simulating the experimental conditions of pressure testing of the femur, the second one bone stress in the sagittal plane and the third one stress by using load determined from probational release of the pig hind limb. Strain-stress states are determined by finite element method using Ansys computational system. Gained results of stress and strain are compared with experimental measurements. The thesis presents a basic idea of the mechanical behavior of porcine femur and porcine femur with significant bone defect.
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Nursing Care for Tight Bone Fractures in Children up to Five Years of Age
TROJANOVÁ, Veronika
Bachelor thesis deals with the issues of nursing care of children on plaster extension and their hospitalization in paediatric wards. The issue of childhood fractures is still an up-to-date topic as there is not enough literature on nursing care of these children. Children with broken tight bone up to five years of age are mostly treated by conservative methods by means of plaster extension. We set two main goals. The first goal was to find out how a child copes with hospitalization in paediatric ward. The second goal focused on the specifics of nursing care of children up to five years of age with thigh bone fractures hospitalized in paediatric ward. We set four research questions to these goals. The first research question deals with the benefit of hospitalization of a child with thigh bone fracture with his/her mother in paediatric ward. The second research question deals with satisfaction of the needs of a child with thigh bone fracture. The third question asks about the specifics of nursing care of children up to five years of age with thigh bone fracture. The fourth question examines possible complications that might occur in children up to five years of age with thigh bone fracture. Qualitative research by means of semi-structured interview with general nurses and with parents of children on plaster extension was used for elaboration of the bachelor thesis. The interviews were conducted from 16/2/ to 31/3/2013 in two hospitals in Prague and one hospital in Brno. The research sample consisted of six nurses working in paediatric wards and five parents hospitalized in paediatric wards with their children. The data were categorized in a Microsoft Word module and the categories were then commented. Literally transcribed quotations of respondents without linguistic revision can also be found here. The results show how a child copes with hospitalization in paediatric ward and what the nursing care specifics are. The first research question dealt with hospitalization of a child with thigh bone fracture in paediatric ward. We found that children on plaster extension are usually hospitalized with their parents. They cope with the hospitalization well as their parents mostly take care about them. The nurses said that hospitalization with a parent is better for a child as a child is usually used to receiving care from his/her mother or father and is calmer. The second research question asked about the needs of a child on plaster extension. We came to a conclusion that the mother or father usually cares about all the needs of their child. We were particularly interested in the needs for nourishment, hygiene, evacuation and movement. The need for nourishment is satisfied lying down on bed, mostly with a spoon. If a child is fed with breast milk, it is served directly from the breast or from a baby bottle with human milk. Hygiene is also provided in bed by means of a plastic basin and washcloths. As for evacuation we came to the conclusion that children on plaster extension are usually evacuated in bed into napkins. Movement is that children on plaster extension have limited movement and that they mainly do what they can. The third research question examined the specifics of nursing care of a child with plaster extension. We found that extension is adjusted by means of ,,special bandages" and elastic roller bandages. The complete nursing care is provided in lying position in bed. The fourth research question dealt with specific complications that might occur in these children. All the nurses mentioned the possibility of defect occurrence under the plaster. We came to a conclusion that extensive care about leg skin is necessary. This thesis should provide information on plaster extension and subsequent elimination of mistakes that might occur in the care of a child with thigh bone fracture on plaster extension.
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